single curvature is negative (-)
double curvature is positive (+)
for safety
reduction, use
phi for ultimate
(putus), not for
leleh
If the bolts
are only in
one plane,
they will be
subject to
torsion.
eccentricity
(e) is the
moment arm
due to/for
torsion
H = normal
(horizontal) force)
V = shear
(vertical) force
This bolt group has 2 gages
(no. of gage = no. of columns
of bolt in the group)
h = horizontal distance
from the bolts to the
center of gravity
v = vertical distance from
the bolts to the center of
gravity
v and h here uses the
largest respective value
from all of the bolts
O = center of rotation
Rult value is based on experiment/research.
h = horizontal distance from
bolts to center of rotation
Pu must be roughly equal or just a bit less than the sum of
all Rv from all the bolts. Because there must be an
equilibrium betweeen the Pu and the rotation force (Rv).
For Fnv, and Fnt values based on
the bolt, check page 422.