01 Introduction
Prof. B.Battsengel
GMIT
battsengel@gmit.edu.mn
Fall 2025/26
Engineering Thermodynamics
THER201 – ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
Duration
1 semester
Semester
Fall Semester
Credit points
4 CP
Workload
120 h
Module
coordinator
Syllabus
Prof. B. Battsengel
Module-Start
3
Contact hours
48 h
Individual study
72 h
Language
English
Fundamental terms of thermodynamics; thermodynamic equilibrium and
temperature; different forms of energy (internal energy, heat, work,
enthalpy); properties and equations of state for gases and incompressible
substances; first law of thermodynamics and energy balances for technical
systems; second law of thermodynamics and entropy balances for technical
systems; exergy analysis; thermodynamics of phase changes; the Carnot cycle
for power generation or refrigeration; energy efficiency and coefficient of
performance; cyclic processes for gas turbines, combustion engines, power
plants, refrigerators and heat pumps.
Engineering Thermodynamics
Learning outcomes
THER220 – ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
On successful completion of this module, the students should be able to:
1. explain the relationships between thermodynamic properties and the
thermodynamic state of a system, and apply them in calculating a thermal
system behaviour.
2. distinguish between different types of energy (e.g. work, heat, internal energy
and enthalpy) and define them.
3. analyse technical systems and processes using energy balances and equations of
state.
4. assess energy conversion processes by means of an exergy analysis.
5. characterise the thermal behaviour of gases, liquids and solids, and
corresponding phase change processes.
Literature
6. apply this basic knowledge (1.-5.) to examine machines (turbines, pumps etc.)
and processes for energy conversion (combustion engines, power plants,
refrigerators, heat pumps).
Koretsky, M.D. (2012) Engineering and Chemical Thermodynamics, 2nd edition.
Cengel, Y. and Boles, M. (2014) Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 7th
edition.
Engineering Thermodynamics
Form of teaching
THER220 – ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
Lecture (2 UoI)
Recitation (2 UoI)
Assessment methods
Associated study program
Written examination (90 min.) and academic performance
B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering
B.Sc. Raw Materials and Process Engineering
B.Sc. Environmental Engineering
B.Sc. Industrial Engineering
B.Sc. Energy and Electrical Engineering
Prerequisites for participation
Requirements for receiving credit
points
Grading system
B.Sc. Mechatronic Engineering
None
Passing the module
The final grade consists of the academic performance during the module
accounting for 30% and the module examination accounting for 70%
Engineering Thermodynamics
THER201 – ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
Engineering Thermodynamics
THER201 – ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
Total score
/100/
Performance
/30/
Final exam
/70/
Midterm
exam /10/
Homework
/20/
Introduction to Thermodynamics
What does thermodynamics mean?
➟ Thermodynamics comes from the Greek language:
➟ Thermodynamics is the science behind the steam
engine, the device that caused the first industrial
revolution.
Thermodynamics deals with the question how to turn
heat into work.
Thurston Robert H: History of the Growth of the Steam engine, D.
Appleton & Co 1878
Watt steam pumping engine
Introduction to Thermodynamics
What does thermodynamics mean?
➟ Modern engines rely heavily on thermodynamics:
E. g. the Trent 1000, GE9X, SpaceX raptor, PW1000G
Introduction to Thermodynamics
http://todayinsci.com/H/Henderson_Lawrence/HendersonLawrence-SteamQuote800px.htm
Introduction to Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is based on two laws and two theorems:
The first law of thermodynamics (deals with energy)
The second law of thermodynamics (deals with entropy)
Nernst’s heat theorem
Nernst’s theorem of the unattainability of absolute zero
Fundamental to these disciplines:
• Chemistry
• Biology
• Physics
• Geology
• Materials science
• Engineering
Science—Art & Humanities
SNOW, C. P. , The two cultures. Cambridge University Press, 1959
Introduction to Thermodynamics
UNIVERSE
SYSTEM
Into the Cool: Energy Flow, Thermodynamics, and Life
Preliminary concepts Thermodynamic systems
SYSTEM
has a boundary
has a control volume
has a control surface
Isolated system
Closed system
Open system
• no mass transfer
across the boundary
• no heat transfer
across the boundary
• no mass transfer
across the boundary
• heat transfer across
the boundary
• mass transfer across
the boundary
• heat transfer across
the boundary
Closed System
Mass NO
m=const.
Energy YES
CLOSED System
Gas
2kg
1m3
Gas
2kg
3m3
CLOSED System with Moving Boundary
Open System
BOUNDARY of OPEN Sytem is known as CONTROL SURFACE
Real Boundary
Mass YES
m=const.
In
Out
Energy YES
OPEN System
Imaginarty Boundary
Also known as CONTROL VOLUME e.g. Water heater, Car Radiator, Turbine, Compressor
Preliminary concepts Thermodynamic systems
Piston-cylinder assembly:
Preliminary concepts Thermodynamic systems
Open System:
Preliminary concepts Thermodynamic systems
Preliminary concepts Thermodynamic systems
Reference
[1] THURSTON, Robert H. , A schematic of Watt’s steam engine printed in a 1878 book. 1887. URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Watt_steam_pumping_engine.JPG. History of the growth of the steam engine, D. Appleton & Co.
[2] KUNZLER, Joe A. ,A Trent 100 in Lumix Dynamic Art HDR. 15. Juni 2012. URL: https://www.flickr.com/photos/avgeekjoe/
9048198726/ (besucht am 2016-02-13).
[3] CACTUSBILLAZ, , Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 N787RR. 14. Jan. 2014. URL: https://www.flickr.com/photos/avgeekjoe/9048198726/
(besucht am 2016-02-13).
[4] TODAY IN SCIENCE HISTORY, , Science owes more to the steam engine than the steam engine owes to science. Attributed to
Lawrence
J. Henderson. 2016. URL: http://todayinsci.com/H/Henderson_Lawrence/HendersonLawrence-SteamQuote800px.htm (besucht am
2016-02-13).
[5] SNOW, C. P. , The two cultures. Cambridge University Press, 1959. ISBN: 0521457300.
[6] SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, , Hrsg. Titlepage: CP Snow sitting on a bridge between Sciences and Humanities (Sep. 2009).
[7] LEWIS, G.N. , M. RANDALL, Thermodynamics. Hrsg. von K. S. PITZER und L. BREWER. 2. Aufl.McGrawHill, 1961.
[8] KORETSKY,Milo D. , Engineering and chemical thermodynamics. 2. Aufl. Wiley, 2012. ISBN: 9780470259610.
[9] TRUESDELL, C. A. , The tragicomical history of thermodynamics 1822-1854. Hrsg. von M. J. KLEIN. Hrsg. von G. J. TOOMER. Studies
in
the history of mathematics and physical sciences 4. New York: Springer, 1980. ISBN: 0387904034.
[10] CALLEN, H. B. , Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics. 2. Aufl. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1986. ISBN:
8126508124.
[11] KONDEPUDI, Dilip , Ilya PRIGOGINE, Modern thermodynamics. Chichester: Wiley, 1998. ISBN: 0471973947.