Discursive Essay Cheat Sheet - Cambridge AS Level
1. Introduction
- Define key terms (e.g., democracy, social media).
- Explain the topic and its relevance.
- Indicate both sides will be explored.
- Optional: brief statement of your approach.
Example phrases:
- "Democracy relies on freedom of speech, participation, and diversity of opinion."
- "This essay will consider both the benefits and drawbacks of social media for democracy."
2. Body Paragraphs - Benefits (1-2 paragraphs)
- Topic sentence: State the benefit clearly.
- Explanation: How it supports the argument.
- Example: Real-world evidence, case studies.
- Evaluation: Link back to the question ("to what extent").
Examples of benefits:
- Freedom of speech and public participation.
- Accountability and transparency.
- Increased political awareness and engagement.
3. Body Paragraphs - Drawbacks (1-2 paragraphs)
- Topic sentence: State the drawback clearly.
- Explanation: Why it limits or challenges the argument.
- Example: Real-world incidents, trends, studies.
- Evaluation: Link back to the question.
Examples of drawbacks:
- Misinformation and fake news.
- Conformity / loss of independent thought.
- Hostile comments discouraging authentic voices.
- Superficial engagement.
4. Conclusion
- Summarise key points from both sides.
- Give a balanced judgment addressing "to what extent".
- Optional: suggest conditions influencing the outcome.
Example phrases:
- "Overall, while [benefits], the drawbacks such as [drawbacks] mean that [judgment]."
- "Social media is beneficial to democracy only to a limited extent, depending on responsible use
and critical engagement."
Tips for Top Marks
- Use formal, objective language.
- Include linking words: however, moreover, on the other hand, in contrast, therefore.
- Structure each paragraph: topic sentence -> explanation -> example -> evaluation.
- Keep essay balanced; one side should not dominate unless justified in conclusion.