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An Evidence-Based Approach 3rd Edition Brent
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Chapter 1: Leadership: The Art, Science, and Evidence
This test bank is comprised of questions for each chapter, including:
•
•
•
Four true/false questions
Eight multiple-choice questions
Eight multiple-choice study questions provided to students at the end of each chapter
Instructors are encouraged to use a combination of questions for examinations or quizzes from
each set of questions. Instructors may want to alter the questions to ensure that they match the
focus of the lectures provided to students.
True/False
1. Research focused on identifying the most common traits of effective leaders (i.e., “born
leaders”) continues to be a major emphasis of today’s research on leadership.
ANS: False
2. The additive effect of leadership theories is best demonstrated when considering using
Charismatic Leadership Theory and Situational Leadership Theory in combination.
ANS: False
3. Leaders have very often been stereotyped as more masculine than feminine, regardless of the
actual gender of the leaders.
ANS: True
4. It has been suggested that an underlying premise of Servant Leadership Theory is that servant
leaders’ motivation to lead arises from an underlying attitude of equality among people and
valuing the personal growth of the members.
ANS: True
Multiple Choice
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5. A theory of leadership that consists primarily of two sets of strategies—managing by
exception and providing contingent rewards—is best called which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Transactional Leadership Theory
Transformational Leadership Theory
Path-Goal Theory of Leadership
Situational Leadership Theory
ANS: a
6. Which of the following is most accurate according to Situational Leadership Theory?
a. Leaders make the paths to rewards easier to travel by reducing roadblocks and helping
subordinates choose behaviors that are most appropriate for the situation and the
problems at hand.
b. The leader promises rewards and benefits to subordinates for their fulfillments of
agreements and their contributions to goal achievement.
c. The most effective leadership style will depend on the readiness of the person being led
(i.e., the follower).
d. Leaders act as stewards and put the needs and interests of others above their own.
ANS: c
7. The behaviors of inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, intellectual
stimulation, and idealized influence are most closely associated with which of the following
theories of leadership?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Transactional Leadership Theory
Transformational Leadership Theory
Path-Goal Theory of Leadership
Situational Leadership Theory
ANS: b
8. A theory of leadership that focuses on the mechanisms of changing the perceptions of the
work itself, offering a positive future vision, and heightening individual and group self-efficacy
is best called which of the following?
a. Transformational Leadership Theory
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b. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership
c. Situational Leadership Theory
d. Charismatic Leadership Theory
ANS: d
9. Which of the following most accurately describes leaders as presented in Chapter 1?
a. They maintain stability.
b. They identify problems to be solved and the best way to achieve results.
c. They create structural change by integrating the values, vision, and ethics of individuals
into the culture of the community.
d. They guide an organization in planning for future work obligations and organizing
employees.
ANS: c
10. Which of the following most accurately describes the field of leadership research today?
a. It focuses on leaders rather than followers, peers, supervisors, and work settings.
b. It addresses the various models as dynamic, shared, relational, strategic, and global and
as a complex social dynamic.
c. It is primarily focused on leadership research with corporations and organizations in the
United States.
d. It is relatively stable, with few new models or theories introduced in the last two decades.
ANS: b
11. Which of the following are two theories described as strategic theories of leadership in
Chapter 1?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Transformational Leadership Theory and Situational Leadership Theory
Transactional Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory
Situational Leadership Theory and Path-Goal Theory of Leadership
Transactional Leadership Theory and Charismatic Leadership Theory
ANS: a
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12. A leadership theory that focuses on helping others first and acting as a steward and guide
rather than a leader would most accurately be called which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Transformational Leadership Theory
Situational Leadership Theory
Path-Goal Theory of Leadership
Servant Leadership Theory
ANS: d
Study Questions Provided to Students
1. One often-cited difference between leadership and management mentioned in this chapter is:
a. Leaders are born, whereas managers are made.
b. Leaders focus on strategic change, whereas managers focus on the “status quo.”
c. Leadership has been researched in depth, whereas little research exists on management.
d. Leadership skills are a distinct set of skills used at particular times, whereas management
skills are broad skills used in almost every situation.
ANS: b
2. Which of the following would be most accurate in regard to current thinking about the
relationships between human traits and leadership effectiveness?
a. Human traits are predetermined at birth and there is little ability to change them as we
develop.
b. Trait Theory is a new development in leadership research; although there is limited
empirical evidence, the research to date appears promising as an explanation for leader
effectiveness.
c. Traits may help us understand how a particular leader might be perceived, but there is
little recent research to validate Trait Theory as effective in linking leaders with
leadership outcomes.
d. The connection between traits and leader outcomes has only been shown to have a strong
correlation in strategies related to Transactional Leadership Theory.
ANS: c
3. Which of the following pairs includes two theories of leadership that could both be
categorized as supervisory theories of leadership?
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a. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership and Servant Leadership Theory
b. Transactional Leadership Theory and Servant Leadership Theory
c. Transformational Leadership Theory and Transactional Leadership Theory
d. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership and Transactional Leadership Theory
ANS: d
4. A theory of leadership that focuses on identifying the relationship between task
characteristics and employee readiness and matching a supervisory response is best called:
a. Servant Leadership Theory.
b. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership.
c. Transformational Leadership Theory.
d. Situational Leadership Theory.
ANS: d
5. Two leadership theories that were developed separately but are recognized as most effective
when they are combined are:
a. Transactional Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory.
b. Situational Leadership Theory and Servant Leadership Theory.
c. Path-Goal Leadership and Servant Leadership Theory.
d. Path-Goal Leadership Theory and Situational Leadership Theory.
ANS: a
6. In regard to the additive effect of transformational leadership and transactional leadership,
which of the following is generally accepted as true?
a. Transactional leadership and transformational leadership are not contradictory styles but
instead are complementary and can be used together.
b. The impact of transformational leadership on follower satisfaction is limited and only
shown to occur when strategies are added to transactional leadership strategies.
c. There is no additive effect, as transformational leadership and transactional leadership
have been proven to be contradictory in nature.
d. There is no relationship between transformational leadership and transactional leadership
because one is a strategic approach and the other is a supervisory approach.
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ANS: a
7. When comparing Servant Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory,
which of the following best describes the motivation of the leaders?
a. Transformational leaders are concerned about work groups only and typically do not
consider the development of the individual, whereas servant leaders focus only on the
individual.
b. Servant leaders tend to see all persons as equal and valued, whereas transformational
leaders value individuals but more in relation to helping the organization succeed.
c. Servant leaders and transformational leaders are both thought to have a strong orientation
toward the individual rather than consideration of the organization’s success.
d. Servant leaders and transformational leaders are both thought to have a strong orientation
toward the success of the organization rather than toward the individual.
ANS: b
8. One accurate summary statement about what we know about the evidence on gender and
leadership would be:
a. Women are typically perceived as more effective leaders than men as long as they present
themselves as stereotypically female.
b. Men have consistently been shown to be more effective leaders than women.
c. Men and women are perceived as more effective as leaders when the approaches they use
match their presentation as more “masculine” or “feminine” as perceived by followers.
d. Evidence on gender and leadership has established that there is essentially no difference
in how male and female leaders are perceived.
ANS: c
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