Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" is a poignant exploration of the American
Dream and its disillusionment. At its core, the play grapples with the theme of the
American Dream and the consequences of pursuing it blindly. Through the character
of Willy Loman, Miller portrays the tragic outcome of a man who dedicates his life to
the pursuit of success as defined by societal norms, only to find himself ultimately
unfulfilled and broken.
One of the central themes in "Death of a Salesman" is the illusion of the American
Dream. Willy Loman epitomizes the belief that success is measured by material
wealth, professional achievement, and societal recognition. Throughout the play,
Willy fixates on the idea that being well-liked and having the right personality are the
keys to success in the business world. However, as Willy's dreams begin to unravel, it
becomes evident that the American Dream is nothing more than a facade, a false
promise that leads to disappointment and despair.
Another theme intertwined with the American Dream is the nature of reality versus
illusion. Willy Loman lives in a world of delusions, where he constantly revisits the
past and fantasizes about a brighter future that never materializes. He fails to see
the harsh realities of his own life, including his strained relationships with his sons,
Biff and Happy, and his inability to hold down a steady job. Instead, Willy clings to the
illusion of success, believing that if he just works a little harder or makes one more
sale, everything will magically fall into place. However, as the play unfolds, Willy's
illusions crumble, revealing the harsh truth that he has been living a lie all along.
Moreover, "Death of a Salesman" explores the theme of identity and self-worth.
Willy's obsession with success is deeply rooted in his desire to prove his worth as a
man and a provider. He measures his self-esteem by his ability to make money and
provide for his family, leading to a sense of inadequacy when he fails to live up to
society's expectations. This internal conflict drives Willy to desperate measures as
he grapples with feelings of worthlessness and insignificance.
In conclusion, Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" is a profound examination of the
American Dream and its impact on individuals and society. Through the character of
Willy Loman, Miller highlights the pitfalls of pursuing success at any cost and the
tragic consequences of living a life based on illusions. By exploring themes such as
the illusion of the American Dream, the nature of reality versus illusion, and identity
and self-worth, Miller challenges readers to question the validity of societal norms
and reevaluate their own definitions of success and fulfillment.