A Detailed Lesson Plan
In Earth Science
I.
Objectives
At the end of a 60-minute discussion, the students are expected to:
a. describe how rocks undergo weathering;
b. demonstrate the different types of stress such as compression, pulling apart and shearing.; and
c. appreciate the importance in learning rocks deformation and weathering.
.II. Subject Matter
A. Topic: Rocks Deformation and Weathering
B. References: K-12 LM’s, Learning Resource Portal, Official Dep Ed TV
C. Materials: Printed Materials, Visual aids, Pilot pen, chalk
D. Strategies: 4A’s: Activity, Analysis, Abstraction and Application.
II.
Lesson Proper
Teacher’s Hint
A. Preliminary
Activities
Teacher’s Activity
Good morning class! How is your day so far?
Student’s Activity
Good morning, Ma’am. We
are fine.
Greeting
That’s good to hear! So can I expect a full blast of energy
Yes Ma’am.
and active participation from you?
Prayer
Before we begin the lesson this afternoon, let us ask the
guidance of almighty God and let us enlighten our mind to
completely understand the lesson this morning. Would you
(Student will lead the
prayer)
please lead the prayer?
Classroom
Management
I would like to request everyone to arrange your chairs
properly kindly check the alignment of your chairs and
(Students will arrange their
chairs and will pick up the
trashes.)
make sure there are no pieces of trash on the floor.
Checking of
attendance
Okay, everybody please settle down.
So, class I guess no one is absent right?
Okay, ma’am.
Everyone is present ma’am.
I’m so glad that everyone understands the reasons of
coming to school regularly.
B. Motivation
Before we will start our discussion today, I will play a video for
you so that you have a clue for our topic today.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxmAJMjJ5Nk
(Students will watch the
video)
C. Recall
D. Lesson
Proper
.
Direction: Look at the photographs below. It is a monument over
the portal of a castle in Westphalia, Germany.
Activity
The picture shows on the (left) when the photograph was taken in
1908 and then taken again in (right) in 1968. Describe how the
statue has changed and provide a possible explanation for the
changes shown in the picture. Write in your activity notebook.
Good job everyone!
Analysis
Based from your activity, the statue changed along the years.
The Earth is constantly changing through the years. According to
the Continental Drift Theory proposed by Alfred Wegener, the
Earth was once a giant landmass called Pangaea. This giant
landmass was broken down into several continents because of the
movement beneath the Earth’s surface. If continents came from a
giant landmass, can you imagine how the mountains, volcanoes,
and soil are formed?
Shaping the Earth’s surface involves a geological process called
weathering. Who can define weathering?
There are three broad categories of mechanisms for weathering:
1. Physical Weathering
2. Chemical Weathering
3. Biological Weathering
Physical Weathering
It is also called Mechanical Weathering. Physical weathering is
the process wherein rocks are broken down into smaller pieces
without changing its chemical composition. These smaller pieces
are just like the bigger rock, just smaller. That means the rock has
changed physically without changing its composition.
Block Disintegration- is caused by successive heating and
cooling which causes the expansion and contraction of rocks.
Frost Weathering - refers to the alternate freezing and thawing
of water inside the joints of the rocks, causing them to split into
smaller particles or fragments.
Weathering is the process of
breaking down rocks, soils,
and minerals together with
other materials at or near the
Earth's surface. It is different
from erosion.
Chemical weathering
It is different from mechanical weathering because the rock
changes, not just in size of pieces, but in composition. That is, one
type of mineral changes into a different mineral. Chemical
weathering works through chemical reactions that cause changes
in the minerals, rocks and minerals are reacting to acids, oxygen,
carbon, and water.
Hydrolysis -is the chemical breakdown of a substance when
combined with water. The addition of water in the rock increases
its volume which changes the shape. Eventually, the water
together with other elements breaks down the rock.
Oxidation- refers to the reaction of oxygen with metal elements
in a rock, forming oxides. An easily recognizable example of this
is rust. Rust, for example, is iron oxide.
Carbonation-occurs when carbonic acid (usually carbon dioxide
mixing with water) reacts with minerals in rock. Most often this
occurs simply with the carbon dioxide in air dissolving in
rainwater and falling to the surface.
Biological Weathering
Biotic or Biological Weathering is the disintegration of rocks
caused by living organisms such as plants, animals, humans.
Abstraction
Types of Stress
Tensional Stress which acts in opposite directions, pulling
rock apart or stretching it. Tension can happen in two ways.
Two separate plates can move farther away from each other,
or the ends of one plate can move in different directions.
Some scientists think tension stress caused the ancient,
massive continent Pangaea to break off into the seven
continents we have today.
Compressional Stress acts toward each other, pushing or
squeezing rock together. Compression causes rocks to fold
or break. Compression is the most common stress at
convergent plate boundaries.
Shear Stress causes two planes of material to slide past each
other. This is the most common stress found at transform
plate boundaries. Shear stresses may act toward or away
from each other, but they do so along different lines of
action, causing rock to twist or tear.
Let’s try your skills.
Application
WEATHERING
Weathering is something that happens over (1) ________.
(2) __________ slowly dissolve or break down into
smaller pieces. In (3) _________ areas, ice can get
in between rocks and soil and it will cause (4)
__________. Wind can blow (5) ________ on to surfaces
which will cause those surfaces to wear down.
Rocks are often made very (6) ________ by weathering.
A (7) __________ scraping across a surface is an example
of weathering. (8)_______ are formed by weathering
when the flood water thrusts against the walls.
colder
rocks
time
cracks
canyons
smooth
glacier
sediments
E.
Generalization
(Students will answer)
In general, Weathering describes the breaking down of rocks and
minerals on the surface of the earth. Water, ice, acids, plants,
animals, an changes in temperature are all agents of weathering.
These could be destructive occurrences that leave significant
changes on the landscape and even in the ecosystem of an area.
Who can define oxidation?
Very good!
It refers to the reaction of
oxygen with metal elements in
a rock, forming oxides. An
easily recognizable example of
this is rust. Rust, for example, is
iron oxide.
Who can define carbonation?
Very good!!!
Answer the following.
IV.
EVALUATION Directions: For nos. 1-5, Write Chemical for Chemical
weathering, Physical for Physical Weathering, and
Biological for Biological Weathering as described in every
item. Answer in your notebook.
1. A chemical reaction takes place between minerals in the
rock; it reacts to acids, water, and carbon dioxide.
2. A process that involves the breaking down of rocks into
smaller pieces.
3. Organic activity.
4. Water seeps into rock joints and expands when frozen.
5. Plant roots growing into rocks which causes rock
disintegration.
II. Choose the letter of your correct answer.
6. If the temperature of the materials is low, what will
happen to the rock?
a. It will become ductile.
c. It will be spongy.
b. It will brittle.
d. It will be sturdy.
7. This type of stress act in opposite directions, where rocks
are pulled apart.
a. compressional stress
c. deformation
b. shear
d. tensional stress
8. What is the force per unit area that is placed on a rock?
a. ductile
c. stress
b. deformation
d. strain
9. This is the most common stress, where two planes of
material slide past
each other.
a. compressional stress
c. deformation
b. shear
d. tensional stress
10. The following are factors that can affect the deformation
of rocks,
except:
a. number of materials
c. pressure
b. temperature
d. rock materials
V. Assignment
Study in advance about METAMORPHISM.
It refers to the reaction of
oxygen with metal elements in
a rock, forming oxides. An
easily recognizable example of
this is rust. Rust, for example, is
iron oxide.