9
Health
Quarter 3 - Module 2
Explaining the Principles
of Wound Dressing
Health – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Explaining the Principles of Wound Dressing.
First Edition, 2021
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Published by the Department of Education- Region III
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer/Illustrator/Lay- Out artist/Editor:
Russel E. Lumidao
Jason O. Cabanilla
Russel E. Lumidao, Marlon S. Caluag
Diana Rose D. Bulaong, Rael E. Buluran
Maria Luisa A. Manoloto, Julie Ann J. Magno
Content Evaluator : Ferdinand S. Aldaba
Language Evaluator : Ferdinand S. Aldaba
Lay-out Evaluator : Ferdinand S. Aldaba
Management Team : Gregorio C. Quinto
Rainelda M. Blanco
Agnes R. Bernardo
Marquez T. Cartel
Glenda S. Constantino
Joannarie C. Garcia
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education--- Schools Division of Bulacan
Office Address:
E-mail address:
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9
Health
Quarter 3 - Module 2
Explaining the Principles
of Wound Dressing
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests. Read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module encourages you to explain the principles of wound
dressing and to demonstrate appropriate bandaging techniques for
unintentional injuries. Various activities are provided for you to perform to
strengthen your knowledge and skills regarding the topic.
Learning Competency:
1. Explain the principles of wound dressing. (H9IS-IIIc.d- 29)
At the end of the module, you are expected to:
a. Discuss the purpose of dressing and bandages;
b. Demonstrate proper procedures in applying a dressing;
c. Exhibit appropriate bandaging techniques for unintentional
injuries; and
d. Recognize the significance of being equipped with knowledge of
wound dressing and bandaging.
What I Know
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the answer that corresponds
to the given statement. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
______1. It is used to reduce swelling and relieve pain, especially used for sprains
and strains.
A. Cold Compress
C. Plaster
B. Dressing
D. Splint
______2. It is an injury to the ligaments due to overstretching or sudden movement.
A. Dislocation
C. Sprain
B. Fracture
D. Strain
______3. It is the break in the continuity of tissue in the body.
A. Burn
C. Strain
B. Fracture
D. Wound
______4. It is a sterile cloth used to cover wounds.
A. Cold Compress
C. Plaster
B. Gauze Dressing
D. Splint
______5. A condition in which bones are partially or completely pulled out from its
position.
A. Dislocation
C. Sprain
B. Fracture
D. Strain
1
______6. It is a piercing wound caused by nails, needles, and other pointed objects.
A. Abrasion
C. Laceration
B. Incision
D. Puncture
______7. It is an injury to the muscles and tendons due to overstretching or sudden
movement.
A. Dislocation
C. Sprain
B. Fracture
D. Strain
______8. It is a cut caused by a knife, broken glass, or any sharp object.
A. Abrasion
C. Laceration
B. Incision
D. Puncture
______9. It is any damage in the body which is caused by accidents.
A. Emergency
C. Injury
B. First Aid
D. Symptom
______10. It is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues.
A. Abrasion
C. Incision
B. Avulsion
D. Laceration
______11. All of the following are the purpose of bandaging, EXCEPT:
A. Covering wounds and burns
B. Providing support for the immobilization of broken bones
C. To apply pressure to a bleeding
D. To cut off blood circulation
______12. All of the following are types of bandages, EXCEPT:
A. Ace
C. Triangular
B. Square
D. Tubular
______13. It is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a rough surface.
A. Abrasion
C. Laceration
B. Incision
D. Puncture
______14. It is characterized by a break or crack in the bones.
A. Dislocation
C. Sprain
B. Fracture
D. Strain
______15. A blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually resulting from mishandling
tools and other accidents.
A. Abrasion
C. Laceration
B. Incision
D. Puncture
2
\
What’s In
Activity: FILL ME OUT!
Directions: Copy the crossword puzzle on a separate sheet of paper and answer using
the clues provided.
1
E
2
N
3
Y
M
S
4
5
G
I
M
G
6
M
A
M 8
7
E
E
C
O
L
O
S
I
9
N
E
ACROSS
1. A survey which is used when the victim is conscious or has revived. It aims to detect
everything about the patient’s condition.
4. These details are discovered by applying your senses – sight, touch, hearing, and
smell during the course of the examination.
5. A survey which is used when the victim is unconscious and to find out and
immediately life-threatening condition.
7. A vital sign that is measured using a thermometer.
9. These are used to apply pressure to bleeding; for covering wounds and burns.
DOWN
2. A vital sign is checked by counting the number of breaths per minute.
3. An unforeseen combination of circumstances or the resulting state that calls for
immediate action.
4. These are sensations that the victim feels or experiences and may be able to describe.
6. It is a sterile cloth used to cover wounds.
8. A vital sign that is checked using different points in the body by feeling the pressure
wave of the blood that causes the vessel to expand.
3
What’s New
Activity: Text Twisters!
Directions: Arrange the letters for each item to identify the word/s using the given hint.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
____________
1.
____________
2.
O
W
I
Hint: It is a break in the continuity of tissue in the body.
D
U
N
P
A
R
I
N
S
Hint: It is an injury to the ligaments due to overstretching.
____________
3.
G
N
O
C
H
K
I
Hint: It results when a foreign object blocks the throat.
____________
4.
_____________
5.
S
A
E
D
B
R
R
Hint: These are used to apply pressure to bleeding; for covering
wounds and burns.
G
A
N
D
O
L
C
S
E
R
P
M
O
C
S
Hint: It is used to reduce swelling and relieve pain, especially used
for sprains and strains.
____________
6.
S
I
L
O
D
I
C
O
N
T
A
Hint: A condition in which bones are partially or completely pulled
out from their position.
____________
7.
R
A
N
I
T
S
Hint: It is an injury to the muscles and tendons due to
overstretching.
____________
8.
____________
9.
G
E
N
E
T
R
A
C
C
Y
M
R
E
D
Hint: An unforeseen combination of circumstances or the resulting
state that calls for immediate action.
E
R
U
F
Hint: It is characterized by a break or crack in the bones.
_____________
10.
J
R
I
Y
U
N
Hint: Any damage in the body which is caused by accidents.
4
What is It
Principle of Wound Dressing
In this module, you shall discover and learn the principles and proper
procedures of a wound dressing. You will also have the chance to be familiar with
appropriate bandaging techniques for unintentional injuries.
Wound
A wound is a break in the continuity of tissue in the body. It may be closed in
which there is no breakage or damage to the skin. A wound may also be an open
wound in which there is a break in the skin. Contusion is a region of injured tissue or
skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise.
Kinds of Open Wounds
PUNCTURE
ABRASION
INCISION
LACERATION
AVULSION
1. Puncture is a piercing wound caused by nails, needles, and other pointed objects.
2. Abrasion is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a rough surface.
3. Incision is a cut caused by a knife, broken glass, or any sharp object.
4. Laceration is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually resulting from
mishandling tools and other accidents.
5. Avulsion is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues.
How to Manage Wounds:
A.
For the management of wound, we use the mnemonic RICE.
Resting the injured part
Ice application
Compression (It limits swelling and prevents blood clots.)
Elevation (It is the simplest way to decrease tissue swelling around the wound.)
5
B. First Aid for Open Wounds with Severe Bleeding
1. Wear gloves and remove or cut clothing as necessary to expose the wound.
2. Control bleeding by applying direct pressure.
3. Elevate the injured part above the heart except for eye injury and wounds
with an embedded object.
4. Cover the wound with sterile dressing and bandage.
5. Care for the shock.
6. Consult a physician immediately.
GAUZE DRESSING
A gauze dressing is a piece of sterile that covers a wound to prevent infection
and/or to stop bleeding.
Techniques in Applying a Gauze Dressing
1. Wash hands and wear gloves, if possible.
2. Unwrap the dressing as close to the wound as possible. Be sure not to touch
the wound.
3. Skin is not sterile. If the dressing slips over the victim’s skin while you are trying
to position it, discard and use a fresh one.
4. Place the dressing over the wound.
5. Use a dressing that is large enough to extend at least 1 inch beyond the edges
of the wound.
6. If body tissue or organs are exposed, cover the wound with a dressing that will
stick.
7. Secure the dressing with a bandage or adhesive tape.
Cold compress is used to reduce swelling and relieve pain, especially used for
sprains and strains. Cold packs can be used as a cold compress. Hot compress is
also used to allow normal blood circulation. Cold and hot compress are applied
alternately for closed wounds or contusions.
BANDAGES
Bandages are used to apply pressure to bleeding; cover wounds and burns;
and provide support for immobilization for broken bones, sprains, and strains.
Three Main Types of Bandages
1. A triangular bandage is made from cloth
and can be used as a cold compress, padding,
support for pressure, or support sling.
2. Ace bandage secures dressings in place.
3. A tubular bandage is used to support joints
or hold dressings in place. The small tubular
bandage is used for finger injuries.
6
TRIANGULAR
ACE
TUBULAR
Types of Bandaging
Open Phase
An open phase bandaging is used for wounds on the top and back of the head,
chest, back, hand, and foot, and an arm sling.
Cravat Phase
A cravat phase bandaging is used for wounds that need extra support like a
wound on the eye, forehead, ear, cheek, jaw, shoulder, hip, arm, leg, elbow, knee,
and palm and for a sprained ankle. The narrower the cravat is, the greater pressure it
will give.
Techniques in Bandaging
1. Keep in mind the following techniques in bandaging:
a. Always use a square knot.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
b. Keep the cloth sterile to avoid infection.
c. Always keep the ends.
Bandaging technique depends upon the size and location of the wound, your first
aid skills, and materials at hand.
Bandage firmly over bleeding and securely over the broken bone, not so tight so
as not to cut off blood circulation.
When wrapping bandages around the body, such as knees, ankles, neck, and
small back, use its natural hollows to slide the bandage gently into place.
Since most injuries swell, check regularly to ensure that the bandage is still
comfortable and that it remains firmly secured.
Secure the bandage with tape, clips, or a bow or square knot. Ensure that the
bandages, especially the knots, do not touch the skin.
7
Unintentional Injuries
These are damages in the body that are caused by unintentional
circumstances or accidents.
1.
2.
3.
Fracture – a break or crack in a bone. An
open fracture pierces the skin surface
while in a closed fracture the skin above is
intact.
Closed
Dislocation – is a partial or complete
displacement of the bone.
Sprain – It is an injury to the ligaments
due to overstretching or sudden
movement.
Ligaments
Muscles
Strain – It is an injury to the muscles and
tendons due to overstretching.
SPRAIN
4.
5.
Open
Heat Exhaustion – It is caused by loss of
salt and water due to excessive-high
temperature.
Food Poisoning – It is caused by
consuming food or drink that is contaminated
by bacteria or viruses.
6.
Choking – It results when a foreign object
blocks the throat.
7.
Drowning – It happens when air cannot get
into the lungs because of water.
8
STRAIN
8
9.
10.
Heart Attack – It is caused by sudden
obstruction of blood supply to the part of the
heart.
Burns – are often due to domestic incidents
such as touching a hot iron, friction (rope
burn), or spilling boiling water.
Chemical burn – may occur when electricity
passes the body.
Stroke – It is a condition in which the blood
supply to the part of the brain is suddenly and
seriously impaired by a blot clot or ruptured
blood vessels.
Heat Stroke – is caused by a failure of the
“thermostat” in the brain to regulate body
temperature.
Blood Clot
Blood unable to pass
Refer to the illustrations for proper bandaging of body parts.
Head
Arm
Thigh
Feet
Elbow
Hand
Hip
Chest
9
Knee
What’s More
Independent Activity 1: What am I?
Directions: Match the different kinds of open wounds in Column A to their
corresponding definition in Column B. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
___
COLUMN A
1. Puncture
A.
___
2.
Abrasion
B.
___
3.
Incision
C.
___
4.
Laceration
D.
___
5.
Avulsion
E.
COLUMN B
It is a cut caused by a knife, broken glass,
or any sharp object.
It is a piercing wound caused by nails,
needles, and other pointed objects.
It is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away
of tissues.
It is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft
tissues usually resulting from mishandling
tools and other accidents.
It is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin
against a rough surface.
Independent Assessment 1: FACT or BLUFF!
Directions: Write FACT if the following statement is true and BLUFF if it is false. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
___
1.
___
2.
___
3.
___
___
4.
5.
Bandages are used to apply pressure to bleeding; cover wounds and
burns; and provide support for immobilization for broken bones,
sprains, and strains.
An open wound can be determined if there is no break or damage
to the skin.
A dressing is a piece of sterile that covers a wound to prevent
infection and/or to stop bleeding.
Cold compress is also used to allow normal blood circulation.
The different kinds of open wounds are incision, laceration,
dislocation, avulsion, abrasion, and puncture.
10
Independent Activity 2: Arrange Me!
Directions: Arrange the proper procedures of applying a dressing. Write numbers 1- 7
to indicate the appropriate sequence. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
___
___
1.
2.
___
3.
___
___
4.
5.
___
___
6.
7.
Secure the dressing with a bandage or adhesive tape.
Use a dressing that is large enough to extend at least 1 inch
beyond the edges of the wound.
Skin is not sterile. If the dressing slips over the victim’s skin while
you are trying to position it, discard and use a fresh one.
Wash hands and wear gloves, if possible.
If body tissue or organs are exposed, cover the wound with a
dressing that will stick.
Place the dressing over the wound.
Unwrap the dressing as close to the wound as possible. Be sure
not to touch the wound.
Independent Assessment 2: Choose Me!
Directions: Below are the different words that are related to the principle of dressing.
Read the sentence carefully. Choose your answer from the pool of words below and
write it on a separate sheet of paper.
Contusion
Consultation
Elevation
_______________ 1.
_______________ 2.
_______________ 3.
_______________ 4.
_______________ 5.
Compression
Sterilization
It is a process of cleaning and disinfecting the wound
to avoid infection.
It is the simplest way to decrease tissue swelling
around the wound.
It is a region of injured tissue or skin in which blood
capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise.
It limits swelling and prevents blood clots.
It is seeking medical advice from a professional.
11
Independent Activity 3: Wounds and Bandaging!
Directions: Choose the letter of the pictures below that corresponds to the correct type
of bandaging for the specified injury. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
B
A
C
D
E
______1. A puncture on a foot
______2. A laceration on the arm
______3. An incision on the head
______4. An abrasion on the leg
______5. An avulsion on the hand
Independent Assessment 3: Pick Me Out!
Directions: Read the following statement and identify the unintentional injury being described.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is caused by loss of salt and water due to excessive-high temperature.
(
2.
Heat Exhaustion
)
Choking,
Drowning,
Food Poisoning
)
It happens when air cannot get into the lungs because of water.
(
4.
Choking,
It results when a foreign object blocks the throat.
(
3.
Burn,
Burn,
Choking,
Drowning)
These are often due to domestic incidents such as touching a hot iron, friction
(rope burn), or spilling boiling water.
(
Burn,
Drowning,
Food Poisoning
)
5. It is caused by consuming food or drink that is contaminated by bacteria or viruses.
(
Drowning,
Food Poisoning,
12
Heat Exhaustion
)
What I Have Learned
Directions: Answer the following questions briefly:
a. Why it is important that you are aware of proper dressing and bandaging?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
b. Why it is necessary to apply proper techniques on applying dressing and bandaging?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
c. Why is there a need to learn different unintentional injuries?
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Speak Up!
Assume that you are an officer of the Disaster and Response Team (DART) in
your school, how would you raise awareness to your classmate about the importance
of being equipped with knowledge regarding proper wound dressing and bandaging.
Create a paragraph with 5 - 8 sentences to state your viewpoint.
Rubrics
Needs
Improvement
(1 point)
Excellent
(5 points)
Satisfactory
(3 points)
Relevance and
Content
Presents the idea
and concept
connected to the
theme given in an
excellent method.
The message is also
positive convincing,
and encouraging
Presents the idea
and concept
connected to the
theme given in an
excellent method.
The message is also
positive convincing
but is not
encouraging
Presents the idea
and concept
connected to the
theme given in an
excellent method.
The message is not
positive convincing,
nor encouraging.
Organization
The idea and
concept are
organized and
presented clearly.
The idea and
concept are
organized and
presented clearly.
The idea and
concept are
organized and
presented clearly.
Mechanics
Sentences, ideas,
and concepts are
free from errors.
Sentences, ideas,
and concepts have
minimal errors.
Sentences, ideas,
and concepts have
many errors.
Criteria
13
Assessment
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the answer that corresponds
to the given statement. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
______1. It is the kind of knot tying that is used in bandaging.
A. Bowline Knot
C. Figure 8 Knot
B. Clove Hitch
D. Square Knot
______2. All of the following are the purpose of dressing, EXCEPT:
A. It covers and protects the wound.
B. It prevents infection or microbial contamination.
C. It promotes wound trauma.
D. It stops bleeding and supports healing.
______3. It is the simplest way to decrease tissue swelling around the wound.
A. Consultation
C. Elevation
B. Compression
D. Sterilization
______4. It is caused by sudden obstruction of blood supply to the part of the heart.
A. Drowning
C. Heat Exhaustion
B. Heart Attack
D. Stroke
______5. It results when a foreign object blocks the throat.
A. Choking
C. Food Poisoning
B. Drowning
D. Heat Exhaustion
______6. It is a process of cleaning and disinfecting the wound to avoid infection.
A. Consultation
C. Elevation
B. Compression
D. Sterilization
______7. All of the following are parts of the body where Cravat Phase Bandaging
can be used, EXCEPT:
A. Forehead
C. Jaw
B. Hip
D. Foot
______8. It is seeking medical advice from a professional.
A. Consultation
C. Elevation
B. Compression
D. Sterilization
______9. It is used to apply pressure to bleeding; cover wounds and burns.
A. Adhesive Tape
C. Plaster
B. Dressing
D. Splint
______10. It happens when air cannot get into the lungs because of water.
A. Choking
C. Food Poisoning
B. Drowning
D. Heat Exhaustion
14
______11. All of the following are the example of open wound, EXCEPT:
A. Abrasion
C. Incision
B. Dislocation
D. Laceration
______12. It is a condition in which the blood supply to the part of the brain is suddenly
and seriously impaired by a blot clot or ruptured blood vessels.
A. Drowning
C. Heat Exhaustion
B. Heart Attack
D. Stroke
______13. It limits swelling and prevents blood clots.
A. Consultation
C. Elevation
B. Compression
D. Sterilization
______14. All of the following are parts of the body where Open Phase Bandaging
can be used, EXCEPT:
A. Arm
C. Chest
B. Cheek
D. Back
______15. It is caused by consuming food or drink that is contaminated by bacteria or
viruses.
A. Choking
C. Food Poisoning
B. Drowning
D. Heat Exhaustion
Additional Activities
Reflection Journal
Directions: Reflect on the lessons you have gained in this module about the principles
of wound dressing and bandaging. You may include your most significant learning and
its impact on you as a learner. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Rubrics:
5 – Demonstrates well-developed ability to reflect ideas and significant
learnings about the principles of wound dressing and bandaging.
4 – Demonstrates considerable ability to reflect ideas and significant learnings
about the principles of wound dressing and bandaging.
3 – Demonstrates some ability to reflect ideas and significant learnings about
the principles of wound dressing and bandaging.
2 – Demonstrate limited ability to reflect ideas and significant learnings about
the principles of wound dressing and bandaging.
1 – Needs improvement in the ability to reflect ideas and significant learnings
about the principles of wound dressing and bandaging.
15
6. Dislocation
7. Strain
8. Emergency
9. Fracture
10. Injury
What’s New
1. Wound
2. Sprain
3. Choking
4. Bandages
5. Cold Compress
DOWN
2. Respiration
3. Emergency
4. Symptoms
6. Dressing
8. Pulse
What’s In
ACROSS
1. Secondary
4. Signs
5. Primary
7. Temperature
9. Bandages
D
D
B
C
B
What I Know
1.
A
2.
C
3.
D
4.
B
5.
A
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
What’s More
Independent Activity 1
1. B
2. E
3. A
4. D
5. C
D
B
A
B
C
Independent Activity 1
1. FACT
2. BLUFF
3. FACT
4. BLUFF
5. BLUFF
Independent Activity 2
1. 4
6. 5
2. 7
7. 1
3. 3
4. 6
5. 2
Independent Assessment 2
1. Sterilization
2. Elevation
3. Contusion
4. Compression
5. Consultation
Independent Activity 3
1. E
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. C
Assessment
1.
D
2.
C
3.
C
4.
B
5.
A
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
16
Independent Assessment 3
1. Heat Exhaustion
2. Choking
3. Drowning
4. Burn
5. Food Poisoning
D
D
A
B
B
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
B
D
B
B
C
Answer Key
References
A. Books
Department of Education. 2013. Physical Education and Health 8 Learners Module.
Pasig City, Philippines: Vicarish Publication and Trading Inc .
B. Electronic Sources
Daniel, Stephen, “Wound Care Can Make All the Difference”, Last modified September 30,
2008,https://cchealth.org/column/healthy_outlook_sep30_2008.php#:~:text=The%20simple
st%20way%20to%20decrease,person%20should%20lie%20face%20down.
Holand, Kimberly, “Is It a Sprain or a Strain? Tips for Identification”, Last modified March 20,
2017, https://www.healthline.com/health/sprain-vs-strain
Merriam-Webster. s.v.
"emergency
(noun)."
Accessed
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/emergency
January
20,
2021.
Oxford
languages. s.v.
"contusion
(noun)."
Accessed
January
20,
2021.
https://www.google.com/search?q=contusion&source=lmns&bih=969&biw=1903&hl=en&sa
=X&ved=2ahUKEwjK95HS58LuAhXQAKYKHbQ3CaEQ_AUoAHoECAEQAA
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For inquiries or feedback, please write:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph
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