SIMPLE
MACHINES
CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS USES
SCIENCE 6
SIMPLE MACHINES
SIMPLE – BASIC
MACHINE – USES MECHANICAL FORCE AND
HAVE PARTS DOING SPECIFIC
TASK.
SIMPLE MACHINE – PERFORMS AN SPECIFIC
TASK USING SIMPLE AMOUNT
OF FORCE (USUALLY ALONE).
SIX TYPES OF
SIMPLE
MACHINES
1.INCLINED PLANE
A FLAT SURFACE THAT IS RAISED SO
THAT ONE END IS HIGHER THAN THE
OTHER.
IT HELPS MOVE HEAVY OBJECT UP OR
DOWN.
EXAMPLE:
RAMP
STAIRS
SLIDE
2. LEVER
A STIFF BAR THAT MOVES ABOUT A
FIXED POINT (FULCRUM)
EXAMPLE:
SEESAW
SHOVEL
WHEEL BARROW
TYPES OF LEVER:
FIRST CLASS LEVER = THE
FULCRUM IS THE CENTER
EXAMPLE:
SEESAW
HAMMER
PLIERS
SECOND CLASS LEVER =
THE LOAD IS IN THE CENTER
EXAMPLE:
WHEEL BARROW
NUT-CRACKER
THIRD CLASS LEVER = THE
FORCE IS IN THE CENTER
EXAMPLE:
TWEEZERS
TONGS
3. SCREW
A CIRCULAR CYLINDRICAL THING
WITH A CONTINUOUS WINDING OR
SPIRAL RIB.
EXAMPLE:
BOLT
JAR WITH LID WOOD SCREW
4. PULLEY
A WHEEL THAT HAS A FLEXIBLE ROPE, CORD,
CABLE, CHAIN OR BELT WRAPPED AROUND ITS
RIM.
USED TO LIFT HEAVY OBJECTS BY CHANGING
THE DIRECTION OR AMOUNT OF FORCE.
EXAMPLE:
BICYCLE
ROLLER SKATES
DOOR KNOB
TYPES OF PULLEY
FIXED PULLEY = DOES NOT CHANGE THE
AMOUNT OF FORCE APPLIED BUT CHANGE THE
DIRECTION OF THE FORCE.
EXAMPLE:
FLAG POLE PULLEY
WELL WITH PULLEY
MOVABLE PULLEY = INCREASES THE
AMOUNT OF FORCE APPLIED BUT DOES NOT
CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF THE FORCE.
EXAMPLE:
CRANE
ELAVATOR
BLOCK AND TACLE = A PULLEY SYSTEM
THAT CONSISTS OF FIXED AND MOVABLE
PULLEYS.
EXAMPLE :
HARNESS
ZIPLINE
5. WHEEL AND AXLE
CONSIST OF A ROD ATTACHED TO A WHEEL
THAT MAKES IT EASIER TO MOVE OR TURN
THINGS.
EXAMPLE:
STEERING WHEEL
CART
WAGON
6. WEDGE
IS WIDE AT ONE END AND POINTED
ON THE OTHER TO HELP CUT OR
SPLIT OTHER OBJECTS.
EXAMPLE:
AXE /KNIFE
PINS/BLADE
SAW
GENERALIZATION: ASK:
1. WHAT IS A SIMPLE MACHINE?
2. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF
SIMPLE MACHINES?
3. DESCRIBE EACH TYPE?
5. GIVE EXAMPLES OF EACH TYPE.
Directions: Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences
below by choosing the appropriate words found in the
box.
1. _____ help makes work easier and faster.
2. _____ is a bar that turns or lifts against a *fulcrum” or
support.
3. _____is a sloping surface used to raise heavy objects
from a lower level to a higher level.
4. _____is made up of circular or round frame that revolves
on a shaft or rod.
5. _____is made up of incline planes placed back to back.
6. _____Is an inclined plane wrapped in a cylindrical post.
7. _____ uses wheels and a rope to raise, lower, or remove
a load easier.
ASSIGNMENT:
CITE AT LEAST 5 ACTIVITIES AT HOME
USING SIMPLE MACHINES. IDENTIFY THE
SIMPLE MACHINE USED. WRITE YOUR
ANSWER ON THE CHART BELOW.
ACTIVITIES AT HOME
SIMPLE MACHINE
USED