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Ch 10- Light - refraction

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É☒¥&⑧¥ Light: Refraction
-
.
→
Refraction of light
phenomenon of change
from
transparent medium
The
of
path
to
another
in
one
light
Refraction
light
ray
called
is
a
as
it
passes
refraction of
.
path
on
Refraction
is the
entering
occurs
phenomenon
of bending of light from
another medium
its
original
.
at the
boundary of
mediums
two
.
N
A
incident
may
i
Medium 1
Y
✗
Medium 2
°
E-
incidence
r=
NN
'
angle of
angle of refraction
=
"
Normal
refractequal
ion
,
°
Kabhi
ed
transparent
medium
Every optical
in
different
Medium
called
medium
said to
in
B
me
i
+
i&hoe%
.
.
.
make
n
substance in which
water
air
hseample
.
%9e-e.ee
-
,
,
medium has
medium
different
different
which
'
N
Reflection ?ñn
"
.
&
Magar baht
is
"
the
light
glass
can
etc
densities
travel
is called
optical
.
&
thus
speed of light is
.
speed of light
medium &
optically
in which
speed of light is
be
optically denser medium
rarer
is
Light
more
the
less
.
is
travels
optically
&
in
faster
light
rarer
in
medium
travels slower
optically
denser
medium
.
-
Direction
while
bending
of
going from
When
light
towards the
i
normal
light
rarer
a
travels
of
from
denser medium
to
rarer
a
-
denser medium
to
,
it bends
.
> r
N
A
incident
way
i.
Rarer
Y
✗
Denser
g.gg
&
N
'
B
when
When
going from
denser
from
light travels
the normal
away from
i.
to
rarer
denser
a
medium
to
.
medium
rarer
,
it bends
.
A
< n
N
si
Eso
B-
X
°" "
°
Y
%
Rarer
Kacey
>
say
N
-
causes
The
going from
bends
cause
one
of refraction
medium
enters into
light
towards the normal
increases
B
of refraction
basic
When
'
a
&
it
bends
to
is
the
change
the
other
,
its
when it enters
away from
the
speed of light
in
.
denser medium
&
in
speed
rarer
the normal
.
decreases & it
medium
,
its
speed
hscample when
of light travelling in air enters
ray
the
speed of light decreases Similarly when
ray of
in
enters into air the
increases
speed
of light
glass
into
a
,
.
,
,
glass
,
light travelling
a
.
hscamples of refraction of light
tank
water
to be raised
pool
appears
containing
due to
which takes
place when light rays passes
refraction
of
light
from pool of water into the air
bottom
The
of
a
or
.
-
The
letters
placed
-
ed
over
pencil
viewed
through
glass
of refraction of light
documents because
the
slab
to be
appears
the
because
bigger
immersed
part of pencil
of
.
kept in water in glass thumb appears
original siege when viewed from the sides
ed lemon
its
a
.
immersed in water
partially
inside
-
when
of light coming from
refraction
water
the
-
be raised
to
appears
a
er
to be
bigger
than
.
,
Refraction through
a
rectangular glass
slab
^
I
f-
•
÷
Glass
.
Glass
→
slab
EF
00
-
GH
i,
-
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-
ray
•
"
☒i
refracted ray
emergent incidence
ray
P
-
Glass slab
edie
.
-
a.
incident
C
÷?
B
-
-
denser
rarer
angle of
angle of refraction
rise angle of emergence
lateral
displacement
-
.
re
-
When
a
parallel
In
glass
enters
light
ray
the incident
to
slab the
.
a
glass
say
refraction
slab
,
then the
emergent
ray
is
.
takes
place
twice
,
first
when the
ray
enters
the
slab
glass
slab
air
from
glass
& enters the air
incidence
I
of
is
&
-
if
Laws
ii]
distance between the
when
incident
refraction
emergent
out
light passes
ray
displacement
incident
bound
the
medium
.
No
•
Garate
takes
egg
at
equal
the
reaction
?
-
to
Yockey
that
refractivemedia
of
index
-
.
the
ray media
,
transparent
same
.
of refraction
The incident
two
emergence
is
on
of
any no
the
ray
called lateral
normallytwo
place
angle of
perpendicular
The
-
light
When
then
to the
Nz
=
,
slab
equal
is
displacement
glass
a
escisls the
ray
.
Angle of
Lateral
& second when the
plane
,
the normal to the
incidence ,
interface of
all lies in the
the
The ratio
of angle of incidence to
the sine
of angle of refraction is
light of given colour & for the given pair of
of refraction
for
media
It is true
&
ray
point of
.
Snell 's law
constant
refracted
at the
-
of
sine
a
a
.
If
i is
the
for angle
i
0 <
angle of incidence
skinnier
The constant
with
respect
=
value is
to
the
<
90°
&
r
is the
angle of refraction
,
then
constant Cn)
called
first
.
refractive
index
of
the
second medium
-
Refractive
Refractive
when it
Absolute
index
index is
enter the
of how
from air
index
defined
represented by
refractive indexin air
speed of light
It is
n
as
in the
speed of light
Absolute
.
changes
.
index
of
refractive
the ratio
Absolute
-
speed of light
much
measure
medium
refractive
to the
vacuum
a
medium
refractive
.
medium is
a
of speed of light
simply
index is
in
called
.
vacuum
almost
is
equal
to
the
refractive
index
of
a
medium
n
ample
lose
Refractive
-
index
of
=
,
n
=
speed of light in
speed of light in
in
:÷:÷:÷:g÷w
water
,
nwatee
denser
of
w w.vahw ithfractiveindeso
&
compared
☒
of
refractive
in medium
as
nz ,
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21
n
=
=
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1
to
one
2
with
is
to
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in
in
medium 1
medium 2
,
medium
ratio
.
Speed of light
speed of light
¥2
light passes fromthe
another medium
respect
given by
speed of light
index &
.
When
to
2
=
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are
denser than air
index
21
3×108
2. 25 ✗ 108
Glass & water
i.
medium
the
represented
"
.
refractive
Relative
.
medium
speed of light in air
speed of light in water
=
=
,
/air
vacuum
to
jilt
light
light
.
Absolute
index
relative
speed of
of
1
the
medium
2
medium 1
refractive
called
is
speed of
&
is
the
similarly
refractive
medium 2 is
,
index
represented by
niz
=
12
medium
niz
Speed of light in
speed of light in
=
N
of
&
,
1
given by
is
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2
medium
1
with
respect
to
.
Uzo
,
Absolute
refractive
Material
medium
edie
Alcohol
Kerosene
oil
Benzene
glass
of
some
material
medium
1.52
Endesa
Rock salt
1.54
Dense
1.50
Refractive
1-53
1.36
1.47
.
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Carbon
1.46
media
Material
1.33
1.44
quartz
crown
0003
1.31
Water
Turpentine
Refractive
index
1.
Ice
Fused
index
disulphide
flint glass
Ruby
Sapphire
Diamond
1.63
1.65
1- 71
t.TT
2.42
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