Introduction
When it comes to nomenclature, a structure with one or more carbon atoms is referred to as an
organic compound. These compounds can be named using substitutive or replacement
nomenclature, among other organic nomenclature concepts. Within these recommendations, a
significant new idea is established and utilized in a methodical manner: the idea of "preferred
IUPAC names" (PINs). In order to emphasize structural characteristics shared by a group of
compounds or to account for a particular context, alternative names may be used in addition to
preferred IUPAC names. Part of a "preferred IUPAC nomenclature" are preferred IUPAC
names (PINs). Under the framework of "general IUPAC nomenclature," any name as long as it
is clear and adheres to the IUPAC recommendations can be used as a "general IUPAC name."
Scope of nomenclature for organic compounds
For nomenclature purposes, we refer to all compounds with carbon as the primary element as
organic compounds. In order to construct the system of functional or distinctive groups, carbon
is often coupled with three elements: nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. Additional elements,
such as sulphur and halogens, round out the fundamental elemental palette present in organic
molecules. These particular set of atoms' compounds were the first to use substituted
nomenclature. The creation of systematic names is predicated on both generic nomenclature
operations and rules as well as rules unique to various nomenclature kinds.
Preferred IUPAC names
According to two or more approved IUPAC standards for organic compounds, or the numerous
synonyms that have been created and used over time, preferred IUPAC names are names for
structures or structural components. The parenthetical abbreviation "(PIN)" identifies all
preferred IUPAC names for organic compounds. Most commonly, a parent structure is a parent
hydride. i.e., a structure containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom
of an element, for example, methane; or a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together
to form an unbranched chain, for example, pentane; or a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system,
for example, cyclohexane and quinoline. The name ‘quinoline’ is a retained name that is
preferred to the alternative systematic fusion names ‘1-benzopyridine’ or ‘benzo[b]pyridine’.
It is sometimes convenient to employ parent hydrides of more complex structure, such as ring
or ring-chain assemblies, for example biphenyl and styrene. "Acetic acid" is a PIN that may
be modified by substitution, Therefore, "bromoacetic acid" is also a PIN. So, instead
of bromoacetylene, the PIN is bromoethyne.
Preselected names
In the nomenclature of organic compounds, preferred IUPAC names for organic derivatives are
derived from preselected names, which are names for structures or structural elements selected
from two or more names for noncarbon containing (inorganic) progenitors. The names based
on these parent hydrides do not currently have PIN status, despite the fact that the systematic
names alumane, gallane, indigane, and thallane are preselected names. Nonetheless, these
names are acceptable in common nomenclature.
References
1. Henri A. Favre and Warren H. Powell, Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. IUPAC
Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013, Royal Society of Chemistry, ISBN
978-0-85404-182-4.
2.