A2. Lower Intermediate
Unidad 25: A Good Combination
To have afirmativo
A: You have a lovely house, Julia.
B: Thank you, Helen. I’m like my mother. We’re “home-lovers”.
A: And you have a very nice garden with a big swimming-pool!
B: Yes, I love flowers and green grass. I also like to swim because it’s good for
my health.
A: For the moment, we only have a flat with a TV, but we plan to buy a house.
B: Does your husband have a good job now?
A: Yes, he does. At last George has a very interesting business and he earns a
lot of money.
B: What kind of business does he have?
A: He manufactures fruit-machines for casinos and bars in the town.
B: Is it his own business?
A: Yes. He invents all the games and designs the machines. He has a lot of
talent.
B: And is it a good business?
A: The business isn’t bad, but we make a lot of money because I play on all the
machines he sells. I know all the tricks, so I always win.
B: Oh, that’s clever!
A: No, it’s simple. He’s the salesman and I’m the gambler.
B: Oh, what a good combination!
A: Yes, it’s perfect, but don’t tell anybody.
B: Don’t worry, I won’t.
A: We will soon be able to buy a house like yours. We’ll invite you for dinner.
B: Great! I look forward to it
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A: Tienes una casa preciosa, Julia.
B: Gracias, Helen. Yo soy como mi madre. Somos hogareñas.
A: ¡Y tienes un jardín muy bonito con una gran piscina!
B: Sí, me encantan las flores y la hierba verde. También me gusta nadar porque
es bueno para mi salud.
A: Por el momento, sólo tenemos un piso con una tele, pero planeamos
comprarnos una casa.
B: ¿Tiene tu marido un buen trabajo ahora?
A: Sí, lo tiene.
B: Por fin George tiene un negocio muy interesante y gana mucho dinero.
A: ¿Qué clase de negocio tiene?
B: Fabrica máquinas tragamonedas para casinos y bares de la ciudad.
A: ¿Es su propio negocio?
B: Sí. Él inventa los juegos y diseña las máquinas. Tiene mucho talento.
A: ¿Y es un buen negocio?
B: El negocio no está mal, pero ganamos mucho dinero porque yo juego en
todas las máquinas que él vende. Sé todos los trucos, por tanto siempre gano.
A: ¡Oh, que ingenioso!
B: No, es sencillo. Él es el vendedor y yo soy la jugadora.
A: ¡Oh, qué buena combinación!
B: Sí, e perfecta, pero no se lo digas a nadie.
A: No te preocupes, no lo haré.
B: Pronto podremos comprarnos una casa como la vuestra. Os invitaremos a
cenar.
A: ¡Genial! Me hace mucha ilusión.
Video de grámatica
To have and Have got in the Present Simple Affirmative
Today you are going to understand how to use “to have” and “have got” in the
Present Simple Affirmative. Did you notice that we use the verb ‘to have’,
when we want to express possession and relationships? Let’s see how Helen
and Julia use them to talk about their homes.
ABA FILM EXAMPLES
You have a lovely house, Julia.
And you have a very nice garden with a big swimming pool.
We only have a flat with a TV.
****To Have****
In this grammar class, you are going to learn how to use the verbs, ‘to have’
and ‘have got’ in the simple present affirmative. Please note that ‘have’ is used
in American English and ‘have got’ is used in British English. Let’s take a look at
the verb ‘to have’.
I have
We have
You have You have
He has
They have
She has
It has
I have three children
She has six cousins
****Have Got****
Now, let’s look at ‘have got’. We simply add the word ‘got’ after the verb ‘to
have’. However, with ‘got’ we usually use the contracted form of the verb ‘to
have’. Let’s take a look. In the singular.
I have got - I’ve got
You have got – You’ve got
He has got – He’s got
She has got – She’s got
It has got – It’s got
We have got – We’ve got
They have got – They’ve got
You’ve got a large family – Tienes una familia grande.
The’ve got four grandchildren – Ellos tienen cuatros nietos.
Puedes usar ‘have’ y ‘have got’ para decir
You can use ‘have’ and ‘have got’ to say when you are available to do
something:
I have time to help you today - Tengo tiempo para ayudarte hoy
I’ve got time to help you today – Tengo tiempo para ayudarte hoy
Vocabulary
Gambler – jugadora I look forward to it - Espero que
Did you notice that we use the verb ‘to have’ - Te has fijado en q usamos el
verbo “to have”?
Unidad 26 Cómo hablar de las posesiones
To have en negativo y preguntas
The Watch
A: What time is it, Mom ?
B: Don’t you have your watch with you?
A: No, I don’t
B: But you do have one, don’t you?
A: Yes, but I’ve left it at home.
B: Why don’t you wear it, then?
A: Because I don’t like to wear a watch
B: But this is silly, Paul. Everybody wears a watch.
A: But I like to be free and not to depend on time.
B: Well, then don’t ask me for the time. I don’t want to be your watch.
A: Just this once. Please, Mom. What is the time?
B: It’s time for you to wear your watch.
A: Oh, you’re such a meany!
B: No, I am just your mother!
A: ¿Qué hora es, mamá?
B: ¿No llevas tu reloj?
A: No, no lo llevo
B: Pero tú tienes uno, ¿no?
A: Sí, pero lo he dejado en casa
B: ¿Y por qué no lo llevas?
A: Porque no me gusta llevar reloj
B: Pero esto es una tontería, Paul. Todo el mundo lleva reloj.
A: Pero a mí me gusta ser libre y no depender de la hora
B: Bueno, entonces no me preguntes la hora. Yo no quiero ser tu reloj.
A: Sólo esta vez. Por favor, mamá. ¿Qué hora es?
B: Es hora de que lleves tu reloj.
A: ¡Oh, eres tan mala!
B: No, ¡simplemente soy tu madre!
Video de gramática
To have and Have Got
How to use ‘to have’ and ‘have got’ in the Present Simple Negative and
Interrogative. The structure change depending on whether we use ‘have’ or
‘have got’
The structure change depending on whether we use ‘have’ or ‘have got’ - La
estructura cambia dependiendo de si usamos ‘have’ o ‘have got’.
American English - Have
British English – Have got
ABA FILM EXAMPLES
Don’t you have your watch with you? - ¿ No llevas tu reloj?
But you do have one don’t you? - Pero tú tienes uno ¿no?
The mother uses ‘to have’ in the affirmative and negative forms. Notice that
she also uses ‘do’ in the affirmative sentence. We occasionally use ‘do’ in
affirmative sentences to add emphasis.
To HAVE – Negative
Now let’s see how the negative is formed. We must use the auxiliary verb ‘do’
in the negative form. Its structure is as follows:
Subject, plus auxiliary verb
I do not have a car
Don’t forget that the 3rd person singular chances from ‘do not’ to ‘does not’.
We mainly use the short form when we talk, so let’s look at some examples.
I don’t have a house.
She does not have a garden.
She doesn’t have a garden.
HAVE Got – Negative
And now let’s look at ‘have got’ in the negative form. We never use the
auxiliary verb ‘do’ with ‘have got’. We simply add ‘not’ after ‘have’ or ‘has’ with
3rd person singular pronouns. Again, we usually use contractions when we talk
and these are ‘haven’t’ and ‘hasn’t’.
You have not got blonde hair
I have not got – I haven’t got
You have not got – You haven’t got
He has not got – He hasn’t got
She has not got – She hasn’t got
It has not got – It hasn´t got
We have not got – We haven’t got
You have not got – You haven’t got
They have not got – They haven’t got
I haven’t got a watch
He hasn’t got a cat.
Interrogative
Now, let’s book at the interrogative form. Again, the structure changes
depending on whether we use ‘have’ or ‘have got’ because we need the
auxiliary verb ‘do’ with ‘have’ but not with ‘have got’.
Let’s start with ‘to have’. We start a question with the auxiliary verb ‘do’. For
example:
1- Do you have a garden?
2- Does she have any children?
As you can see, it is the same structure as questions in the Present Simple with
the auxiliary verb ‘do’:
Auxiliary verb, plus subject, plus ‘have’, plus object. Let’s now look at the
interrogative form of ‘have got’ with some examples
Have we got any apples?
Has he got a flat in Paris?
‘Have’ or ‘has’, plus subject plus ‘got’, plus object - ‘Have’ o ‘has’ más sujeto,
más ‘got’, más objeto.
Do you have a bike?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t
Have you got a bike?
Yes, I have.
No, I haven’t.
Unidad 27 The Dessert “El postre”
Como decidir el menú ( How to decide the me)
“Some, Any”
A: I have some cold chicken in the fridge.
B: Mmmmm. Do you any white wine?
A: No, but I think I have some beers.
B: Any salad ? I like salad with cold chicken.
A: I have some tomatoes and onions, and I think I have some lettuce and
cucumber.
B: That’s perfect! Do you have any bread?
A: Yes, some fresh rolls in the kitchen.
B: Well, we’ll have a super picnic then.
A: But we don’t have any dessert.
B: Don’t worry, I’ll be the dessert for tonight!
A: Mmmm…. Tasty.
A: Tengo algo de pollo frío en la nevera.
B: Mmmm. ¿Tienes algo de vino blanco?
A: No, pero creo que tengo unas cervezas
B: ¿Y ensalada? Me gusta la ensalada con pollo frío.
A: Tengo algunos tomates y cebollas, y creo que tengo algo de lechuga y
pepino.
B: ¡Es perfecto! ¿Tienes algo de pan?
A: Sí, unos panecillos tiernos en la cocina.
B: Bueno, entonces haremos un superpicnic.
A: Pero no tenemos ningún postre
B: No te preocupes, ¡yo seré el postre para esta noche!
A: Mmmm … Sabroso.
Video de Gramática
“Countable” and “Uncountable Nouns” with “Some” and “Any”
In this grammar video you are going to learn about countable and uncountable
nouns. Then, you will learn how to use them with the determiners ‘some’ and
‘any’. First, let’s understand countable and uncountable nouns.
Countable – Countable nouns are the things we can count using numbers.
These nouns have a singular and a plural form. You can count these things on
you fingers.
One apple, two apples.
One house, two houses.
Uncountable - Uncountable nouns are things, we cannot using numbers. These
nouns do not have a plural form.
When we use these nouns, we don’t always know the exact quantity.
Uncountable nouns are liquids, for example:
- Coffee : Things that are made up of tiny pieces ( Cosas que están hechas
de pequeñas piezas), like Sugar
And concepts or ideas like: Music.
Now you know the difference between countable and “uncountable”
nouns.
Before we go any further : Antes de ir más lejos.
Before we go any further, take a look at this short clip from the ABA Film,
‘The Dessert,’ where the characters talk to each other about what they
have at home in the fridge.
ABA Film
Did you notice that the characters do not use specific quantities when
talking about the nouns?
They use the words “some” and “any”. Here are a few sentences from the
clip.
I have “some” cold chicken in the fridge.
Do you have “any” white wine?
No, but I think I have “some” beers.
“Any” salad?
I have “some” tomatoes and onions and I think I have “some” lettuce and
cucumber.
“Some and Any”
Some and Any functions as determiners, to talk about quantity when we
don’t say or don’t know the exact quantity. We call this an indefinite
quantity. We use ‘some’ and ‘any’ with plural, countable nouns and
uncountable nouns. “Some” is always used in affirmative sentences.
For examples:
I have “some” cold chicken in the fridge.
I have “some” apple juice at home.
You’ve got some sandwiches for the picnic – Tienes algunos sandwiches
para el picnic.
Any in negative sentences, like this:
She doesn’t have “any” oranges - Ella no tiene naranjas.
We haven’t got “any” coffee – No tenemos café.
Questions with Some and Any
Do you have “any” vegetables ? - ¿Tienes verduras?
Do you have “any” wine?
Offer
Do you want some coffee?
Request : Cuando la pregunta es una petición
Can I have some wáter, please ?
Some and Any As Pronouns
Finalmente, ‘some’ y ‘any’ as Pronouns ( Finally, ‘some’ and ‘any’ are used
as pronouns)
Finally, ‘some’ and ‘any’ are used as pronouns to avoid repeating a noun,
often in the reply to a question.
Have you got “any” bread ? - Tienes pan?
Yes, I have “some”
No, I don’t have “any”.
Unidad 28
Cómo expresarte a la hora de comprar comida
(How to express yourself when buying food)
THERE IS, THERE ARE
A Chat in the fruit shop
A: Good evening, Helen.
B: Good evening, love.
A: Two pounds of bananas, please.
B: Sorry, dear. There aren’t any bananas today.
A: Well, a pound of pears then.
B: There are no pears either.
A: Are there any oranges?
B: No, there aren’t any. Sorry, love. There are no mandarins either.
A: O.K then, what do you have?
B: There are some apples. Apples are good for you. “An apple a day keeps
the doctor away”.
A: Oh, thanks for the advice, but to have apples all the time is boring.
Variety is the spice of life.
B: Well, you can eat them fresh or baked, and you can also make apple
pie, apple strudel, apple …
A: Are apples really so important?
B: Oh, yes. The whole problem between Adam and Eve was an apple.
A: What silly problems they had then. Oh well, I suppose we are here
because of an apple. Give me two pounds then, please.
B: Here you are, two pounds of apples.
A: Thank you, Helen for the apples and for your wonderful words of
wisdom.
B: You’re still a great saleswoman.
A: No, I’m not a saleswoman. I’m your friend! Look after yourself.
B: You too. Bye, love!
A: !Buenas tardes, Helen¡
B: !Buenas tardes, querida¡
A: Dos libras de plátanos, por favor.
B: Lo siento, querida. Hoy no hay plátanos.
A: Bueno, pues una libra de peras.
B: Tampoco hay peras.
A: ¿Hay naranjas?
B: No, no hay. Lo siento, querida. Tampoco hay mandarinas.
A: De acuerdo. Entonces, ¿qué es lo que tienes?
B: Hay algunas manzanas son buenas para la salud.
A: “A diario una manzana es cosa sana”.
B: Gracias por el consejo, pero comer manzanas todo el tiempo es aburrido.
A: En la variedad está el gusto
B: Bueno, se pueden comer crudas o al horno y también se pueden hacer
tarta de manzana, strudel de manzana, manzana …
A: ¿Realmente son tan importantes las manzanas?
B: ¡Oh, si! El problema entre between Adán y Eva lo provocó una
manzana.
A: ¡Qué problemas más tontos tenían entonces! Bueno, supongo que
estamos aquí por una manzana. Dame dos libras, entonces, por favor.
B: Aquí tienes, dos libras de manzanas.
A: Gracias, Helen, por las manzanas y por tus maravillosas palabras de
sabiduría.
B: Aún eres una gran vendedora.
A: No, no soy una vendedora. ¡Soy tu amiga! Cuídate.
B: Tú también. ¡Adiós, querida!
Video de Gramática
There Is and There Are
In the grammar video today you are going to use what you learned about
countable and unconuntable nouns and understand how to use “there is”
and “there are”.
Review: Countable and Incountable Nouns
Repaso : Sustantivos contables e incontables
Countable
- One onion, two onions, three onions ….
- One tooth, two teeth, three teeth …
Uncountable – Incontable
We use indefinite quantities :
- Some water
- Some rice
- Some information
“There is” and “There are” with countable and uncountable nouns
Now, let’s talk about how we use ‘there is’ and ‘there are’ with countable
and uncountable nouns. We use ‘there is’ and ‘there are’ to say that
something exists. We use “there is” with singular nouns and ‘there are’ with
plural nouns.
Singular
- There is one pear on the table.
Plural
- There are two pears on the table
Uncountable
We also use ‘these is’ with uncountable nouns.
- There is some milk in the fridge
And, when we speak we usually use the contracted form. The contraction
of ‘there is’ is ‘there’s’.
- There’s some tea in the teapot.
******ABA Films Examples*****
There aren’t any bananas today.
There are no pears eithers.
Are there any oranges? No, there aren’t any.
There are no mandarins either.
These sentences are examples of the negative and interrogative forms of
‘there are.’
Negative Form
Let’s take a closer look at how to use the negative form. To form the
negative we use the contractions of ‘is not’ and ‘are not’.
With Singular Nouns
- There isn’t a piece of cake on the table.
With Plural Nouns
- There aren’t any eggs in the shop.
With Uncountable Nouns
- There isn’t any chocolate in the cupboard
Notice how ‘any’ is used with uncountable and plural nouns.
- There are no trains on Sundays.
- There’s no sugar in this coffee.
- There is no need to worry.
Occasionally we use ‘is no’ with singular nouns, like this:
He said there is a book on the table, but there is no book.
***Questions and Short Answers***
And now, let’s learn how ask questions with ‘there is’ and ‘there are’. To form
a question we place ‘is’ or ‘are’ in front of ‘there’.
Is there a maket nearby? - ¿Hay un mercado cerca?
Use short answers to reply to these questions, like this:
Yes, there is
No, there isn’t
Are there any oranges?
Yes, there are
No, there aren’t
Unidad 29 Cómo hablar de cantidades (How to talk about amounts)
“Much, Many”
“The Sales”
A: There are a lot of people here today.
B: Well, the sales are on. Few people miss the sales.
A: Excuse me, how much are the red shoes?
B: Look, she’s busy and there’re only a few assistants here.
A: Oh, well. It says that they are 10 pounds.
B: 10 pounds is not much.
A: Look, there are a lot of tights and miniskirts in the same colour.
B: Red, green, blue and pink. Aren’t they great!
A: We can have a lot of fun when we go out in them.
B: I want one of each. How many do you want?
A: The same as you and I don’t want the shoes any more.
B: We can leave with them on.
A: Great! I’ll wear the blue one, what about you?
B: The red one for me. I want look very sexy.
A: What about your boyfriend? Won’t he be jealous?
B: Yes, but I like to make him a little jealous.
A: It keeps our relationship spicy
B: Oh, I love to go out with you because
A: We always have a lot of fun together.
B: Yeah, and we always find so many bargains!
A: Hay mucha gente aquí hoy.
B: Bueno, son las rebajas. Poca gente se pierde las rebajas
A: Discúlpeme, ¿cuánto valen los zapatos rojos?
B: Mira, está ocupada y sólo hay unas pocas dependientes aquí.
A: Oh, bueno. Aquí dice que cuestan 10 libras.
B: 10 libras no es mucho.
A: Mira, hay muchas minifaldas y medias del mismo color.
B: Rojo, verde, azul y rosa. ¿No son fantásticas?
A: Nos lo podemos pasar muy bien cuando salgamos con ellas puestas.
B: Si, yo quiero una de cada. ¿Cuántas quieres tú?
A: Las mismas que tú y ya no quiero los zapatos.
B: Podemos irnos con la ropa puesta.
A: ¡Fenomenal! Yo llevaré la azul. ¿Y tú?
B: La roja para mí. Quiero estar muy sexy.
A: ¿Qué me dices de tu novio? ¿No estará celoso?
B: Si, pero me gusta ponerle un poco celoso.
A: Mantiene nuestra relación picante
B: Me encanta salir contigo porque siempre nos divertirnos muchas juntas.
A: Sí, ¡y siempre encontramos tantas ganas!
Video de Gramática (Grammar Video)
Much and Many
In this gramar video you will learn more about using countable and
uncountable nouns, this time to talk abount quantity using ‘much’ and ‘many’.
‘Much’ and ‘Many’ are determiners and adverbs and we use them to talk about
the quantity, amount and degree of something.
In a previous grammar video you learnt about countable and uncountable
nouns, but let’s have a quick reminder ( pero vamos a hacer un rapido repaso).
Countable nouns are things we can count using numbers. For example:
Countable Nouns:
One onion
Two onions
Three onions
One orange
Two orange
Three oranges
Uncountable nouns are things we cannot count with numbers, so we often use
the quantifier ‘some’. For example:
- Some sugar
- Some ware
- Some rice
Now that you remember countable and un countable nouns, lets watch this
short clip from the ABA Film, ‘The Sales’, to see ‘much’ and ‘many’ being used
in a conversation.
You heard these sentences being used in the conversation:
- Ten pounds is not much
- How many do you want?
****** Much and Many in Negative Sentences
Notice that ‘much’ and ‘many’ are used in negative sentences and questions
and they are used for different types of nouns.
We use ‘much’ with uncountable nouns. For example:
- They don’t have much money to buy new clothes.
We use ‘many’ with plural countable nouns.
- I don’t have many new shirts.
Next, let’s look at some examples of ‘much’ and ‘many’, in interrogative
sentences.
- Is there much variety?
- Do you have many different items on sale?
****** How Much and How Many
We use ‘how much’ or ‘how many’, when we ask about the quantity of
something. The concept is the same: We use ‘how much’ with uncountable
nouns and ‘how many’ with plural countable nouns. Let’s look at some
examples:
- How much time do you have?
- How many pairs of shoes do you own?
We use ‘how much’ to ask for the cost or the price of something, because
‘money’ is an uncountable noun. Dollars and euros are countable, but the idea
or concept of ‘money’ is uncountable
How much does it cost ? - Cuanto cuesta?
How much is this jackey ?
How much time do you have?
Not much
How many pairs of shoes do you own?
Not many
However, to answer in the affirmative we need different determiners.
Large Quantities
For large quantities we use ‘a lot of’ or ‘lots of’. They both mean the same thing
and we use them, with both uncountable and plural countable nouns. Like this:
- We have a lot of fun together / We have a lots of fun together.
- They have a lot of books / They have lots of books
Small Quantities
For small quantities we use ‘a little’ and ‘a few’. ‘A little’ is used with
uncountable nouns:
- I like a little sugar in coffee.
A few is used with plural countable nouns:
- They have a few video games
It means they have some video games, but not many. When we use ‘little’ and
‘few’ without the article ‘a’, they mean almost none (significa casi ninguno).
- I like little sugar.
It means I only have a very, very small amount.
- They have few friends
It means they don’t have many friends.
Unidad 30: Cómo hablar de objetos personales
(How to talk about personal belongings)
Adjetivos posesivos
The Mountain Bikes
A: Do you like my new mountain bike
B: Yes, it’s nice. It’s like my bike. But Tom has a Tornado bike. His bike has 24
gears and ours only have 18.
A: Yes, but its frame is aluminium. It’s very light and its tyres are really thick.
B: Tom says his brakes are incredible! They’re French.
A: Our brakes are American!
B: You know? Tracy also has a new bike. Her bikes has pink tyres.
A: Pink tyres? Those are bikes for parks, not mountains!
B: But she looks very pretty on her bike. She’s the girl in the brochure for
mountain bikes, you know?
A: I think you like Tracy, don’t you?
B: Yes, a lot. I like her style, her face, her legs, her body and …
A: You like Tracy much more than you like mountain bikes, don’t you?
B: Yes, I think so, because I dream of her and not of my mountain bike.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A: Te gusta mi nueva mountain bike?
B: Sí, es bonita. Es como mi bici. Pero Tom tiene una bici Tornado. Su bici tiene
24 marchas y las nuestras sólo tienen 18.
A: Sí, pero su cuadro es de aluminio. Es muy ligera y sus neumáticos son muy
gruesos.
B: ¡Tom dice que sus frenos son increíbles! Son franceses.
A: !Nuestros frenos son americanos¡
B: ¿Sabes? Tracy también tiene una bici nueva. La suya tiene neumáticos de
color rosa.
A: ¿Neumáticos de color rosa? ¡Esas son bici para parques, no para montañas!
B: Pero está muy guapa en su bici. Es la chica del catálogo de mountain bikes,
¿Sabes?.
A: Creo que te gusta Tracy, ¿no?
B: Sí, mucho. Me gusta su estilo, su cara, sus piernas, su cuerpo y …
A: Tracy te gusta mucho más que las mountain bikes, ¿verdad?
B: Sí, eso creo, porque sueno con ella y no con mi mountain bike.
Grammar Video
Possessive Adjectives
Today, we’re going to talk about possessive adjetives and you’re going to learn,
how they work and when to use them. We use possessive adjectives to express
ownership of something and also to show a relationship with someone or
something.
I – my
According to Their Subject Pronoun
You – your He – His She – Her It- its We- our They – Their
As they are adjectives, they always come before a noun in affirmative,
negative, and interrogative sentences.
Possessive Adjectives in Affirmative Sentences
Now let’s see some examples of sentences with possessive adjectives in
affirmative sentences:
1- I like your handbag / Me gusta tu bolso
2- Mark loves his dog.
3- Valencia is famous for its orange
Possessive Adjectives in Negatives Sentences
1- I don’t know his name
2- She does not like their style
3 – He doesn’t like your attitude / A el no le gusta su actitud
1234-
Possessive Adjectives in Interrogative Sentences
How is your mother?
Where is my watch?
Do you like her dress?
What do you think about our new house?
ABA Films
Do you like my new mountain bike?
Yes, it’s nice. It’s like my bike.
His bike has 24 gears and ours only have 18
Yes, but its frame is aluminum
We have also seen a bit of the ABA Film, where Simon and Dave are talking
about bicycles. I really wonder if Simon and Dave will agree about bicycles!
Now keep on working on this unit to perfectly know how to use its grammar
and vocabulary in all the skills: Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing.
Unidad 31: The Twins
A: This photo is of my class at school.
B: Where are you? Is that you there?
A: No, that girl is my friend Lucy. We look very similar. This is me here.
B: That man is very tall, isn’t he?
A: Yes, that’s Mr Robison. He’s the teacher.
B: Who are these two boys? They look identical.
A: Those are the Wilson brothers. They’re twins.
B: They’re very good-looking.
A: Yes. This is Walter, and that’s Chris. They’re my boy friends.
B: Both
A: Both are in love with me. I never know who is who.
B: But Vicky, how do you feel about that?
A: I love it. It’s very exciting. It’s like a fancy dress ball. I never know who I’m
dancing with.
B: This is like a film script. You are a lucky girl.
A: I khow I am, but one day I will have to choose one.
B: How will you choose?
A: Both are the same. So I’ll have to toss a coin.
B: Oh, Vicky, you’re terrible! And what about the other one?
A: He can be yours.
B: Oh, yes! Why not ? That’s a good idea.
A: Esta foto es de mi clase en el colegio
B: ¿Dónde estás tú? ¿Eres esá de allí?
A: No, esa chica es mi amiga Lucy. Nos parecemos mucho. Yo soy ésta de aquí.
B: Ese hombre es muy alto, ¿Verdad?
A: Si, ése es el Sr. Robinson. Es el profesor.
B: ¿Quiénes son estos dos chicos? Parecen idénticos.
A: Ésos son los hermanos Wilson. Son gemelos
B: Son muy atractivos.
A: Sí. Éste es Walter y ése es Chris. Son mis novios.
B: Ambos
A: Ambos están enamorados de mí. Nunca sé quién es quién.
B: Pero Vicky, ¿Cómo te sientes en esa situación?
A: Me encanta. Es muy emocionante. Es como un baile de disfraces. Nunca sé
con quién estoy bailando.
B: Esto es como un guión de cine. Eres una chica afortunada.
A: Sé que lo soy, pero un día tendré que elegir a uno.
B: Cómo eligirás?
A: Ambos son iguales. Así que tendré que echarlo a cara o cruz.
B: ¡Vicky, eres terrible¡ ¿ Y qué pasará con el otro?
A: Puede ser tuyo.
B: ¡Oh si¡ ¿Por qué no? Ésa es una buena idea.
Grammar Video
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
Today you’re going to leran two types of demostratives: adjectives and
pronouns. First, let me tell you that demonstratives are words that we use to
indicate people or things (que usamos para señalar a personas o cosas).
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns: Form
Both demonstrative adjectives and pronouns have the same form.
Singular
Close >> This
Distant >> That
Plural
Close >> These
Distant >> Those
This and These close to the speaker (Utilizamos this y these para hablar sobre
personas y cosas que están cerca del hablante) to talk about people and things
that are close he speaker.
That and those distant from the speaker
Demonstrative Adjectives
Let’s begin with demonstrative adjectives. Adjectives go before a noun in
English. Let’s see an example using an illustration:
- This table and These book are close to me.
- That table and those books are father away (Esa mesa y esos libros están
más lejos).
Let’s look at when use demonstrative adjectives. For example:
- This house is very old.
- That man is my father.
- These flowers are beautiful.
- Do you like those red shirts? - Te gustan aquellas camisas rojas?
As the examples show, demonstrative adjectives are always followed by a
noun.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Now, let’s move on to demonstrative pronouns. In the ABA Film of this unit,
‘The Twins’, Vicky is showing Sue a picture of her class. Let’s see how they use
demonstrative pronouns in the conversation as they talk about people in the
photo.
Let’s see some sentences from the clip with demonstrative pronouns.
- Those are the Wilson brothers.
Vicky uses ‘those’ to talk about the twins, because she is not touching the
photograph. Then, as she points at the people in the photo, she uses ‘this’ to
indicate the twin that is closer to her and ‘that’ for the twin who is a bit further
away from her (y ‘that’ para el gemelo que está más lejos de ella).
- This is Walter, and that’s Chris.
Now, demonstrative pronouns are used to replace the noun.
- This is my car.
- That is a very expensive house.
- These are my children.
- Those aren’t my shoes.
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns (Examples)
Let’s see with a few mixed sentences with demonstrative adjectives and
pronouns. Look carefully at the position of the words. ‘this’, ‘that’,’these’ and
‘those’ to determine whether they are acting as adjectives or pronouns ( para
determiner si están actuando como adjectivos o pronombres).
-
Who painted that picture?
This isn’t a good film.
Those men are very tall.
These are my favorites.
This and That
Finally here’s a common expression:
- This and That – We use it to mean ‘various different things’, when we
answer questions.
- What were you talking to your friend about? This and That – De que
estabas hablando con tu amigo?
- What have you been doing today? This and that, nothing in particular –
Qué has estado hacienda hoy? Esto y aquello. Nada en particular.
Unidad 32: The Christmas Tree
A: Whose is this big box?
B: That’s Jimmy’s present.
A: They’re the rollerblades he wants so much.
B: And whose is this with such a strange shape?
A: That’s your mother’s present: a pair of beautiful candlesticks.
B: What about these? Whose boxes are these?
A: Your brother’s and his wife’s gifts.
B: Oh! Do I get a present too?
A: I hope so. In that pile
B: My God, what a lot of presents!
A: What about this tiny little box? Whose present is this?
B: I don’t know about that one!
A: Oh, George. Is this jewelry? Is this for me?
B: Maybe, maybe not. It’s for the queen of the house. Are you the queen?
A: Well, if you are the king, I’m the queen.
B: Come on then, let’s go to bed. Tonight you can sleep with the king.
A: ¿De quién es esta caja grande?
B: Ése es el regalo de Jimmy.
A: Son los patines en línea que tanto quiere
B: ¿Y de quién es esto con esa forma tan extraña?
A: Ése es el regalo de tu madre: un par de preciosos candelabros.
B: ¿Y estás? ¿De quién son estas cajas?
A: Los regalos de tu hermano y su esposa.
B: ¿Yo también tengo un regalo?
A: Eso espero. En ese montón.
B: ¡Dios mío, qué cantidad de regalos!
A: ¿Y esta cajita diminuta? ¿De quién es este regalo?
B: ¡No sé nada de ése!
A: ¡Oh, George! ¿Es una joya? ¿Es para mí?
B: Tal vez sí, tal vez no. Es para la reina de la casa. ¿Eres tú la reina?
A: Bueno, si tú eres el rey, yo soy la reina.
B: Venga entonces, vámonos a la cama. Esta noche puedes dormir con el rey.
Grammar Video
Saxon Genitive
Today you’re going to learn another possessive form in English, called the
Saxon Genitive or ‘Possessive S’.
Singular Nouns
We usually use the Saxon Genitive with people and animals and not with
objects. Let’s see how to form the Saxon Genitive, by looking at some
examples.
- Jim’s car is black - El coche de Jim es negro.
- Mary’s house is big – La casa de Mary es grande
- The dog’s ball is green - La pelota del perro es verde.
In these examples, you can see that for singular nouns we add’s after the noun
(para los sustantivos en singular añadimos ‘s’ después del sustantivos).
*******Singular Nouns Ending in S and Plural Nouns******
When we use singular or plural nouns ending in‘s’, we simply add an
apostrophe at the end of the word.
- The kids’ new toys are very expensive – Los nuevos juguetes de los niños
son muy caros.
- My parent’s parrot is called Milo – El loro de mis padres se llama Milo.
- Chris’ house is down the street - La casa de Chris está calle abajo.
It is important to remember, that there are some irregular plural nouns. These
plural nouns do not end in ‘s’. In these cases we add’s to the end of the word.
Let’s see some examples:
- My children’s friends live nearby – Los amigos de mis hijos viven cerca.
- The women’s section is the second floor – La sección de mujeres está
en el Segundo piso.
**** Multiple Nouns***
I an object belongs to more tan one person, (Si un objeto pertenece a más de
una persona) we only add’s to the last name
- Mary and Lucy’s sister is a doctor – La hermana de Mark y Lucy es
doctora
- George and Susan’s children are very polite – Los hijos de George y
Susan son muy educados.
*****Inanimate Objects (Objetos Inanimados)*****
The Saxon Genitive can sometimes be used with objects. Let’s see a few
examples:
- This season’s fashion is very modern - La moda de esta temporada es
muy moderna.
- Spain’s beaches are very beautiful - Las playas de España son muy
bonitas.
Sometimes we use the Possessive S, but omit the following noun. It’s
common with these places (Es común con estos lugares):
- She is at the hairdresser’s – Ella está en la peluquería.
It is a short form ‘the hairdresser’s salon’.
- I have an appointment at the dentist’s - Tengo una cita en el dentista.
This means ‘the dentist’s surgery’ ( Significa ‘la consulta del dentista’).
However, it is also common to use ‘of’ to show possession with objects.
- I live in the United States of America.
Now let’s learn the possessive form (Ahora vamos aprender la forma posesiva)
of the question word ‘who’.
******** The Possessive Word Whose *******
It is important to note that the possessive form of ‘who’ is ‘whose’. We use
‘whose’ to ask question about possession and to introduce relative clauses that
indicate possession, too. Do not confuse the word ‘whose’ with ‘who’s’, which
is the contracted form of ‘who is’. They sound the same buy they are spelled
differently and mean different things. Remember, ‘whose’ is a possessive and
we use ‘who is’ to ask for someone’s identity.
Possessive form of Who = Whose
Who is = Who’s
Vocabulary
Let’s continue and see some examples of the possessive word ‘whose’ –
Continuemos y veamos algunos ejemplos del posesivo ‘whose’.
-
Whose sister is she? - ¿De quién es ella hermana?
She is Jake’s sister – Ella es hermana de Jake.
Who’s that lady? -- ¿Quién es esa señora?
That’s the lady whose house I bought - Esa es la señora cuya casa
compré.
When it is clear what object you are referring to, you can just use the name
plus ‘s like this: – Cuando está claro q a qué objeto te estás refiriendo, puedes
poner el sustantivo más ‘s.
Whose book is this ? It’s Ann’s.
ABA Films
-
Whose is this big box?
That’s Jimmy’s present.
Whose is this, with such a strange shape?
That’s your mother’s present.
even – incluso everything – toda/o since – ya que / desde/ pues (from, from
the)
anything – cualquier cosa
through – mediante
hence – por lo tanto huef – tono whenever – cuando sea
due - adeudado / a
dual - doble whereas - mientras que
forward – adelante
ahead - adelante / al frente (forward, ahead, onwards,forth,onward)
stuff - cosas
Unidad 33: Cómo comparar estilos de vida
How to compare lifestyles
The HouseHusband
A: These cars are ours.
B: Whose ?
A: Mine and my wife’s
B: This one is fantastic. Is it yours?
A: No, it’s hers. The small one is mine.
B: Her car is much better than yours!
A: She needs a car for work. And anyway, she likes cars a lot.
B: ¿ And you?
A: I don’t care for cars. I take care of the home.
B: I do all the cleaning, the cooking, and the shopping.
A: She is the businesswoman.
B: Are you happy like this?
A: Yes, to be around the house is relaxing.
B: What about children?
A: What about you? Don’t you want some?
B: Of course I do, but I am not a woman, only a househusband.
A: Yes, of course
A: Estos coches son nuestros.
B: ¿De quiénes?
A: Míos y de mi mujer.
B: Éste es fantástico. ¿Es tuyo?
A: No, es suyo
B: El pequeño es mío. ¡Su coche es mucho mejor que el tuyo!
A: Ella necesita un coche para trabajar.Y de todas formas, le gustan muchos los
coches.
B: ¿Y a ti?
A: A mí no me interesan los coches. Yo me ocupo del hogar
B: Yo limpio todo, cocino y hago compra.
A: Ella es una mujer de negocio.
B: ¿Eres feliz así?
A: Si, estar en casa es relajante.
B: ¿Qué hay de los niños?
A: Ella está demasiado ocupada.
B: ¿Y tú qué?¿No quieres uno?
A: Claro que sí, pero yo no soy una mujer, sólo un amo de casa.
B: Sí, por supuesto.
Grammar Video
Possesive and Object Pronouns
Today you’re going learn how to use possessive pronouns and object
pronouns. Let’s see how Paul and James use them, to talk abot cars in the ABA
Film, ‘The Househusband’
***** ABA Films
These cars are ours.
Mine and my wife’s.
This one is fantastic. Is it yours? - Esté es fantástico. Es tuyo?
No it’s hers. The small one is mine.
Her car is much better than yours
****Possessive Pronouns****
Let’s start with possessive pronouns. We use possessive pronouns in place of
a noun. Here are the possessive pronouns according to their subject:
I-mine
You-yours
He-his
She-hers
It-its
We-ours
You-yours
They-theirs
****Possessive Pronouns vs Possessive Adjectives
You learned possessive adjectives in a previous unit. Let’s compare them to
possessive pronouns. The meaning in both sentences is the same.
This is my car - This car is mine
That’s her scarf - That scarf is hers
Is that their house? – Is that house theirs?
***Object Pronouns
Now you’ve learnt possessive pronouns – Ahora que has aprendido los
pronombres posesivos
Now you’ve learnt possessive pronouns, lets’s move on to object pronouns.
Object pronouns function as the object a verb or preposition. These are the
object pronouns according to the subject:
me
us
you
you
him
them
her
it
Let’s see some examples of sentences with object pronouns as the object of a
verb.
She told them come in – Ella les dijo que entraran.
He asked her a question – Él le hizo una pregunta a ella.
My mother gave me a present – Mi madre me dio un regalo.
In these examples the object pronouns are the object of a preposition
My mother bought a present for me – Mi madre me compró un regalo.
Then she gave it to me – Luego me lo dio.
You just listened to me while I explained this grammar to you – Acabas de
escucharme mientras te explicaba esta gramatica.
Unidad 34: Cómo hablar de preferencias
(How to talk about preference)
Verbos de preferencias (Preference Verbs)
Boss or Lover
A: I like your new boss. What do you think of him?
B: I like him but his girlfriend is jealous of me, and because of this he’s angry
with her.
A: Jealous of you? Why?
B: She thinks he spends too much time in the office
A: With you?
B: Yes, with me
A: And What do your colleagues think?
B: I don’t care about them
A: And what do you think?
B: Do you want to know the truth?
A: Yes
B: Well, he’s adorable. I love him and he loves me.
A: Oh no, Sandra. But which of you is his girlfriend?
B: Well, she thinks she’s his girl, but I know I’m his girl.
A: Maybe for him, both of you’re his girlfriends.
B: Oh, don’t be cruel.
A: Me gusta tu Nuevo jefe. ¿Qué piensas de él?
B: Me gusta, pero su novia tiene celos de mí, y por esto está enfadado con ella.
A: ¿Celoso de ti? ¿Por qué?
B: Ella cree que él pasa demasiado tiempo en el despacho.
A: ¿Contigo?
B: Si, Conmigo.
A: ¿Y qué piensan tus compañeros de trabajos?
B: Ellos no me preocupan.
A: ¿Y qué piensas tú?
B: ¿Quieres saber la verdad?
A: Si
B: Bueno, él es adorable. Yo le amo y él me amo
A: ¡Oh no, Sandra! ¿Pero cuál de vosotras es su novia?
B: Bueno, ella cree que ella es su chica, pero yo sé que yo soy su chica.
A: Quizás para él, ambas sois sus chicas.
B: Oh, no seas cruel!
Grammar Video
Verbs of Preference
Today, you’re going to learn the verbs of preference to talk about things you
like and things you don’t like from the ABA Film, “Boss or Lover” (Para hablar
de las cosas que te gustan y de las que no).
But before we get started, take a quick look at this short clip (Pero antes de
empezar, echa un vistazo a este breve extracto).
Where they used the word ‘like’ to describe their preferences:
I like your new boss.
I like him, but his girlfriend is jealous of me.
********Like******
Remember that the verb ‘like’ can be followed by, a gerund, an infinitive, or a
noun.
For example:
- I like swimming
- They like to dance.
- Steve likes Indian food.
******Love*****
‘Love’ has a stronger meaning than ‘like’. It means we like something a lot.
It can be followed by gerund, an infinitive, or a noun.
For example:
- My parents love going to the cinema.
- Marie’s dog loves playing in the park. – Al perro de Marie le encanta
jugar en el parquet.
- They love the beach
****** Enjoy*****
Another way to express what we like is with the verb ‘enjoy’. ‘Enjoy’ must be
followed by a gerund or a noun. Let’s see some examples:
- I enjoy drawing in my free time.
- We enjoy her movies.
****** Prefer****
We use the verb ‘prefer’ with the preposition ‘to’, to talk about something
we like more than something else and to talk about a habit or preference.
‘Prefer’ can be followed by an infinitive, a gerund, or a noun. We often use a
gerund to suggest enjoyment, or lack of enjoyment (o ausencia de él), and
the infinitive form to express habits or preferences.
- He prefers watching baseball to tennis.
- Susan prefers to see the 7pm film.
To form the negative, we add ‘not’ after ‘prefer’
- I prefer not to take my holidays in the summer.
**** Negative Verbs of Preference
Don’t like
Hate
Dislike
I don’t like to wake up early - No me gusta levantarme temprano.
They hate going to the gym – Ellos odian ir al gimnasio.
She hates horror films – Ella odia las peliculas de miedo.
‘Don’t like’ and ‘hate’ can be followed by an infinitive, gerund, or noun. Now,
let’s see some examples with ‘dislikes’:
- Eric dislikes seafood. - A Eric no le gusta el marisco.
- We dislike waiting – No nos gusta esperar
‘dislike’ must be followed by a gerund or noun.
******Mixed Sentences with Verbs of Preference****
Now let’s see some mixed sentences with verbs of preference.
- My mom loves France, but my dad prefers Spain.
- George hates hot weather, but Stacy loves it.
- They enjoy sailing, but I prefer skiing – Ellos disfrutan hacienda vela,
pero yo prefiero esquiar.
Unidad 35: Cómo describir a una persona
How to describe a person
Orden de los adjetivos – Order of adjectives
Allan’s GirlFriends
A: Tengo una nueva novia, ¿sabes?
B: ¿Cómo es? ¿Es guapa?
A: Sí, es preciosa. Es alta con el cabello rubio y los ojos azules
B: Oh! ¿Tiene buen carácter?
A: Sí, y un gran sentido del humor. Soy realmente afortunado. Es generosa y
cariñosa.
B: Parece perfecta. Tú siempre tienes novias maravillosas
A: Cómo las encuentras?
B: Mantengo los ojos abiertos.
A: Pero dónde miras?
B: Salgo cada noche hasta que encuentro una chica que me gusta.
A: ¿Y por qué cambias de novias todo el tiempo?
B: Bueno… quizás porque cuando tengo una novia sigo manteniendo los ojos
abiertos.
A: I have a new girlfriend, you know?
B: Oh, what’s she like? Is she pretty?
A: She, she’s beautiful. She’s tall with blonde hair and blue eyes.
B: Oh! Does she have a nice personality?
A: Yes, and a great sense of humor. I’m really lucky. She’s generous and loving.
B: She sounds perfect. You always have wonderful girlfriends.
A: How do yo find them?
B: I keep my eyes open.
A: But where do you look?
B: I go out every night until I find a girl I like.
A: Why do you change girlfriends all the time?
B: Well … maybe because when I have a girlfriends I still keep my open.
Grammar Video
Order of Adjectives
We use lots of different adjectives when we want to describe someone or
something. In this grammar video you’ll learn how to use adjectives correctly
in sentences, and in particular, how we order adjectives when we use more
than one to describe a person or thing. To start with, let’s watch a very short
clip from the ABA Film, ‘Allan’s Girlfriends’ to see where adjectives are placed,
in relation to the noun they describe.
Vocabulary
How we order adjectives when we use more than one to describe a person or
thing - Cómo ordenamos los adjetivos cuando usamos más de uno para
describir a una persona o cosa.
‘Allan’s Girlfriends’ to see where adjectives are placed - 'Las novias de Allan' a
ver dónde se colocan los adjetivos
ABA Films Examples
She’s beautiful.
She’s tall with blond hair and blue eyes.
James and Stephen are two talented and successful, 25-year-old, British
musicians - James y Stephen son dos músicos británicos, talentosos,
exitosos.
They always stay the same - Siempre permanecen igual
Notice that in English, adjectives don’t change depending on the number or
gender of the noun. They always stay the same:
- A beautiful, white cat.
- Two beautiful, white cats.
But, how do I know which adjective comes first? Well, let me explain how it
works. Generally, the order of the adjectives is as follows:
Order of Adjectives
- Quantity or number
- Opinion
- Size
- Age
- Shape
- Colour
- Origin
- Purpose or qualifier
Example:
1- Laura is a nice and friendly girl.
2- Ben’s cousin is a friendly, tall, Italian man.
3- My neighbor is a funny and wisw, middle-aged, Greek woman.
(Mi vecina es una mujer griega, mediana edad, sabia y divertida).
4- His car is a beatiful, vintage, red, German convertible (Su coche es un
hermoso descapotable alemán de época de color rojo).
In a list of colors, ‘white’ usually comes second or last - En una lista de
colores, el blanco suele ir Segundo o último.
The French flag is red, white and blue – La bandera francesa es roja, blanca y
azul.
Look at this old, black and white photograph – Mira esta fotografía vieja y en
blanco y negro.
Well, in this class you have learnt how to use adjectives to describe something
and how to place them in the correct order in English, to give an accurate and
detailed description of somebody or something. Discover how much you have
really learnt. Have fun!
Bueno, en esta clase has aprendido a usar adjetivos para describir algo y a
colocarlos en el orden correcto en inglés, para dar una descripción precisa y
detallada de alguien o algo. Descubre cuánto has aprendido viendo este vídeo
de gramática de nuevo sin subtítulos.!Qué te diviertas!!Adiós!
Unidad 36 Cómo hablar de tus sentimientos
The Good Life
VERY, TOO
A: Oh, I’m cold. New York is so cold in the winter.
B: Aren’t you cold?
A: Yes, I’m cold too, and I’m very thirsty.
B: Let’s go and have a drink in a bar
A: But I’m hungry. Aren’t you hungry?
B: Why don’t we go to a restaurant?
A: Well then, let’s go to this Italian restaurant.
B: It’s very nice one. I know I very well. It’s called Barolo’s.
A: It has a nice atmosphere and there are always many beautiful girls.
B: Oh, look how lucky we are.
A: We’re hungry, thirsty and cold with a nice restaurant full of beautiful girls
right there. You know, I’m not cold any more.
B: Listen, I have a method for being happy at night.
A: I eat only a little at lunch so by dinner time I’m very hungry.
B: Then, I really enjoy going out to eat.
A: I see Jack, that you know how to live well.
B: I try my best
A: I’m old enough to know about life and young enough to enjoy it.
B: How old are you?
A: Old enough not to tell you my age.
A: Tengo frío. Nueva York es tan fría en invierno.
B: ¿No tienes frío?
A: Sí, yo también tengo frío y tengo mucha sed.
B: Vayamos a tomar una copa a un bar.
A: Pero tengo hambre. ¿Tú no?
B: ¿Por qué no vamos a un restaurante?
A: Bueno, entonces vayamos a este restaurante italiano.
B: Es muy bonito. Lo conozco muy bien. Se llama Barolo’s.
A: Tiene un buen ambiente y siempre hay muchas chicas guapas.
B: Mira que afortunados somos
A: Tenemos hambre, sed y frío, y hay un bonito restaurante, lleno de chicas
guapas ahí. ¿Sabes? Ya no tengo frío.
B: Escucha, tengo un sistema para sentirme bien por la noche.
A: Sólo como un poco en el almuerzo y así a la hora de la cena tengo mucha
hambre.
B: Así, realmente disfruto cuando salgo a comer.
A: Jack, veo que tú sabes cómo vivir bien.
B: Hago todo lo posible
A: Soy lo bastante mayor para saber de la vida y lo bastante joven para
disfrutarla.
B: ¿Cuántos años tienes?
A: Suficientemente mayor como para no decirte mi edad.
Grammar Video
Intensifiers: Very and Too
Estas palabras se llaman intesificadores. En este vídeo de gramática, vas a
aprender a usuarlos. Veamos cómo lo usan Jake y Mike para hablar de sus
sentimientos en el ABA Film,
These are called intensifiers. In this grammar video, you are going to learn how
to use them. Let’s see how Jake and Mike use them to talk about their feelings
in the ABA Film,
ABA Film Examples
In the ABA Film, we can hear these examples:
- New York is so cold in the winter.
- Yes, I’m cold too, and I’m very thirsty
Intensifiers are adverbs. They strengthen the meaning of adjectives and we
place them right before the adjective we want to emphasize (Refuerzan el
significado de los adjectivos y los colocamos justo antes del adjectivo que
queremos enfatizar).
Intensifiers: Very
‘Very’ es el intensificar más común en inglés.
‘Very’ is the most common intensifier in English. It is used to add emphasis to
the word it complements. Look at these examples:
- I am very happy today
In this sentence, ‘very’ is used to add emphasis
Intensifiers: Too
“Too” is used to emphasize a negative meaning.
- Rachael was too upset to talk about it yesterday / Rachael estaba
demasiado molesta para hablar de eso ayer
Please note that the word ‘too’, when placed at the end of a sentence, means
‘in addition’ or ‘also’.
- I’m very upset, too - Yo también estoy muy enfadado
Intensifiers: So
‘So’ is used to add emphasis. It has a stronger meaning than the intensifier
“very”.
Last week, the weather was so hot and so humid / La semana pasada, el clima
era tan caluroso y tan húmedo.
In this example, ‘so’ intensifies the words ‘hot’ intensifies the words ‘hot’ and
‘humid’.
Other Intensifiers
We use many other intensifiers in English. Here are some of the most common
ones:
- Quite - Bastante
- Fairly - Equitativamente
- Really - Realmente
- Extremely – Extremadamente
‘Quite’ and ‘fairly’ intensify an adjective by about the same amount. ‘Really’ is
stronger than ‘quite’ and ‘fairly’. ‘Really’ is similar to ‘very’. ‘Extremely’ is
strongest of these intensifiers.
Let’s see some examples:
- She felt quite tired last week. / Se sentía bastante cansada la semana
pasada.
- I was really angry with him yesterday / Ayer estaba muy enfadado con
él.
Intensifiers: Very and Too
Well, in this class you have learnt how to use intensifiers. Keep on working on
this unit to put theory into practice and make the most out of all sections to
master all English skills: listening, reading, speaking and writing. Take care! See
you soonn!
Bueno, en esta clase has aprendido a usar intensificadores. Sigue trabajando
en esta unidad para poner en práctica la teoría y aprovechar al máximo todas
las secciones para dominar todas las habilidades del inglés: escuchar, leer,
hablar y escribir. ¡Cuidarse! ¡Hasta pronto!
Unidad 37 Cómo expresar interés por alguien
How to express interest in someone
Mum’s on Strike – Mamá está en huelga
A: ¿Dónde estás, Gary? ¿Qué estás haciendo?
B: Estoy en mi habitación. Estoy leyendo.
A: ¿Estás leyendo comics otra vez?
B: No. Estoy terminando los deberes
A: ¿Está ordenada tu habitación?
B: Si, la estoy ordenando ahora.
A: ¿Todavía llevas el uniforme del colegio?
B: No. Me estoy cambiando
A: ¿Qué estás haciendo?
B: Estoy leyendo, estoy terminando los deberes, estoy arreglando mi
dormitorio y me estoy cambiando.
A: ¿Y qué estás haciendo tú? ¿Preparando la cena?
B: No. Estoy viendo la tele.
A: ¡Tú vas a hacer la cena esta noche!
B: ¿Cómo? ¿Lo dices en serio?
A: Sí, estoy en huelga.
B: Pero si quieres, puedes llamar y pedir dos pizzas. Dan una peli en media
hora. Lo podemos ver juntos.
A: ¡Estupendo! Voy a llamar enseguida. ¡Hola! Home Pizzas? ¿Puedo
encargarles dos Margaritas, por favor?
Para el 47 de High Street Kensington…. Tamaño mediano. Sí, exacto. Gracias.
A: Where are you, Gary? What are you doing?
B: I’m in my bedroom. I’m reading
A: Are you reading comics again?
B: No, I’m not. I’m finish my homework.
A: Is your room tidy?
B: Yes, I’m tidying it now.
A: Are you still in your school uniform?
B: No, I’m not. I’m getting changed
A: What are you doing?
B: I’m reading, I’m finishing my homework, I’m tidying my bedroom, and I’m
changing my clothes
A: So what are you doing? Cooking dinner?
B: No, I’m not. I’m watching television.
A: You are doing he cooking tonight.
B: What? Are you serious?
A: Yes, I’m on strike.
B: But if you want, you can telephone for two pizzas. There’s a film on in half
an hour. We can watch it together.
A: Oh, that sounds excellent! I’ll call right away. Hello! … Home Pizzas? Can I
order two Margaritas, please?
For 47, High Street Kensington … medium size. Yes, that’s it, thanks.
Grammar Video
Present Continuous in the Affirmative and Negative
In the affirmative and negative forms. Let’s start with Present Continuous in
the Affirmative it’s important to know in which situations we use the Present
Continuos.
On one hand, we use the Present Continuous when we talk about actions that
are happening at moment of speaking. Let’s see some examples:
-
Actions Happening at the Moment of Speaking
He is cleaning the house.
He is cleaning the house right now.
We are watching television.
We are currently watching television
On the other hand, we use Present Continuous when we talk about temporary
actions when we talk about temporary actions that are in progress, but that
we are not doing at the exact moment of speaking.
Temporary Actions in Progress
- He is reading the latest Dan Brown book / Él se está leyendo el último
libro de Dan Brown.
- He reads a few pages of the book each day / ÉL lee algunas páginas del
libro cada día.
- They are learning French / Ellos están aprendiendo francés.
Pero no en este preciso momento - But not at this precise momento in time.
Present Continuous Structure
Pay attention to the structure of the Present Continuos in these examples.
Note that it is composed of two parts. The present simple form of the verb ‘to
be’ plus the present participle of the main verb.
Presta atención a la estructura del Presente Continuo en estos ejemplos. Tenga
en cuenta que se compone de dos partes. La forma presente simple del verbo
'to be' más el participio presente del verbo principal.
Present Participles
In English, present participles are formed by adding the letters ‘ing’ to the base
form of the verb. For example:
En inglés, los participios presentes se forman agregando las letras 'ing' a la
forma base del verbo. Por ejemplo:
Do – Doing
Study – Studying
Give – Giving
Note that when a verb ends with the letter ‘e’ the ‘e’ is removed or dropped.
Let’s see a few more examples of Present Continuous in affirmative sentences
and pay special attention to their structure.
- I am doing my homework / Estoy hacienda los deberes.
- You are listening to music / Estás escuchando música.
- Frank is driving to work / Frank está yendo al trabajo en coche.
ABA Film se llama ‘Mum’s on Strike’ / the ABA Film is called ‘Mum’s on Strike’
In it, we find a mother and son, who are talking through the bedroom door.
Let’s see how they use the Present Continuous!
ABA Film se llama ‘Mum’s on Strike’ / ABA Film se llama ‘Mum’s on Strike’
En él, encontramos a una madre y un hijo, que conversan a través de la puerta
del dormitorio. ¡Veamos cómo usan el Presente Continuo!
ABA Film “Mum’s on Strike”
Let’s check out how the son uses Present Continuous:
- I’m in my bedroom. I’m reading / Estoy en mi habitación. Estoy leyendo.
- I’m finishing my homework / Estoy terminando los deberes
- Yes, I’m tidying it now / Sí, la estoy ordenando ahora
Present Continuos in the Negative
Now let’s look at some negative sentences with Present Continuous. It’s pretty
simple. Here are some examples
- I am not doing the housework / No estoy hacienda los deberes.
- She is not speaking on the phone / Ella no está hablando por teléfono.
- You aren’t revising for your exams / Tu no estás repasando para tus
exámenes.
- He isn’t swimming / Él no está nadando
Well, in this class you learnt, ow to use the present continuous tense in English.
We also watched a bit of the ABA Film, where Gary’s mom asks what her
teenage son is doing. I really wonder why she’s asking and what she actually
wants. Now keep on working on this unit to perfectly know how to use its
grammar and vocabulary in all the skills: listening, speaking, reading and
writing. Spend all time you need in each section
Bueno, en esta clase aprendiste cómo usar el presente continuo en inglés.
También vimos un poco de ABA Film, donde la madre de Gary pregunta qué
está haciendo su hijo adolescente. Realmente me pregunto por qué está
preguntando y qué es lo que realmente quiere. Ahora sigue trabajando en esta
unidad para saber perfectamente cómo usar su gramática y vocabulario en
todas las habilidades: escuchar, hablar, leer y escribir. Dedica todo el tiempo
que necesites a cada sección