OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE HIGH SCHOOL
FOURTH FORM BIOLOGY
TEST – RESPIRATION
Name: ____________________
Date: ____________
Total: 50 points
Section A. Multiple Choice. Circle the answer that best fits the statement given. (2pts each)
1. The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ________.
a. Loss of oxygen in tissues
c. Ph (acidosis)
b. Increase of carbon dioxide
d. Ph (alkalosis)
2. Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the
pressure inside the lungs is
a. Less than the pressure in the atmosphere.
b. Greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.
c. Equal to the pressure in the atmosphere.
d. Greater than the intra-alveolar pressure.
3. Tidal volume is air ________.
a. Remaining in the lungs after forced expiration
b. Exchanged during normal breathing
c. Inhaled after normal inspiration
d. Forcibly expelled after normal expiration
4. The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________.
a. Tidal volume
c. Inspiratory capacity
b. Vital capacity
d. Expiratory reserve volume
5. Oxygen & carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by _____.
a. Osmosis
c. Filtration
b. Diffusion
d. Active transport
6. The diagram below shows a section through an alveolus and a blood capillary. What are the
oxygen concentrations in X, Y and Z.
X
Y
Z
A High low High
B High Low low
C Low High High
D Low High Low
7. The diagram shows a section through the human thorax. What occurs for air to enter the lungs?
A
B
C
D
8. What describes anaerobic respiration?
Energy released Oxygen required
A A little
No
B A little
Yes
C A lot
No
D A lot
Yes
Muscles at 1
Contract
Contract
Relax
Relax
Muscles at 2
Contract
Relax
Contract
Relax
Waste products
Lactic acid
Carbon dioxide and water
Lactic acid
Carbon dioxide and water
9. What happens to the depth and rate of breathing during increased physical activity?
Depth
Rate
A Decrease Decrease
B Decrease Increase
C Increase Decrease
D Increases Increase
Pressure at 3
Decreased
Decreased
Increased
Increased
10. The diagram shows a gaseous exchange surface (alveolus) and part of a nearby capillary. What
would increase the rate of absorption of oxygen in the capillary?
11.
12.
13.
14.
a. Increasing the thickness of alveolus wall
b. Increasing the surface area of alveolus wall
c. Lowering the concentration of oxygen in the alveolus
d. Slowing down the rate of breathing
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
a. Carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen + energy
b. Carbon dioxide + water  alcohol + oxygen + energy
c. Oxygen + glucose  carbon dioxide + alcohol + energy
d. Oxygen + glucose  water + carbon dioxide +energy
Fitness training increases the concentration of lactic acid that runners can build up in their
muscles before pain stops them running. What is the consequence of this running?
a. Aerobic respiration in muscles can be more rapid.
b. Blood flow to the muscles is increased.
c. More anaerobic respiration can take place in muscles.
d. More energy is needed by the muscles.
Which muscle actions occur during inspiration?
Diaphragm muscles External intercostal muscles
A Contract
Contract
B Contract
Relax
C Relax
Contract
D Relax
Relax
The diagram shows part of the lining of the human trachea. What is the function of cell X?
a. Gaseous exchange
b. Mucus removal
c. Phagocytosis
d. Secretion of mucus
15. The pie chart shows the percentages of three gases in inspired air. Which gas does sector X
represent?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Water vapour
Section B – Short Answer
16. Define the term:
a. Diffusion. [2pts]
b. State what causes oxygen to diffuse into the blood from the alveoli. [1pt]
c. List three features of gaseous exchange surfaces in animals, such as humans. [3pts]
d. At high altitudes there is less oxygen in the air than at sea level. Suggest how this might
affect the uptake of oxygen in the alveoli. [2pts]
e. In the past some athletes have cheated by injecting themselves with extra red blood
cells before a major competition. Predict how this increase in red blood cells might
affect their performance. [2pts]
17. The diagram shows the thorax from the side during expiration and inspiration.
a. Using the diagram, state the changes that occur to the sternum and the diaphragm
during inspiration. [2pts]
b. State the effect of the changes you described in (a) on the volume and pressure of the
thoracic cavity. [2pts]
c. Most of the tubes leading from the nose to the lungs contain mucus-secreting cells and
ciliated cells. Describe the function of mucus and cilia. [4pts]
d. The figure below shows some of the cells from the lining of the bronchus in a nonsmoker and a smoker.
i. Using the figure, state two ways in which the lining of the bronchus of the
smoker differs from that of the non-smoker. [2pts]