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GENDER SENSITIVITY TRAINING
MODULE 1: SEX AND
GENDER IDENTITY
MAC PAUL V. ALARIAO, RN, MSN
PANTAWID REGIONAL GAD FOCAL PERSON
SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION
SUBJECT: WHAT IS MY UNDERSTANDING OF GENDER
AND
DEVELOPMENT?
OR
WHAT
COMES
IMMEDIATELY TO MY MIND IF I HEAR GENDER
AND DEVELOPMENT?
SESSION 1:
RELEVANCE OF
GENDER FOR
DEVELOPMENT
WHY GENDER IS A DEVELOPMENT ISSUE?
The rationale for considering gender can be made using
the following statistics:
• Women form 50% of the world’s population.
• Women perform 2/3 of the world’s work.
• Women make up 2/3 of the world’s illiterate
population.
• Women earn 1/10 of the world’s income.
• Women earn less than 1/100 of the world’s property.
• Women constitute 70% of the world’s poor living on
less than $1/per day.
SESSION 2:
GENDER AND
DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPT
SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION
WHAT IS THE MOST OBJECTIONABLE
GENDER ISSUE THAT I HAVE EXPERIENCED AS A
MAN OR A WOMAN?
SUBJECT:
GENDER SENSITIVITY
 SEEING – women and men, what they
actually do, rather than relying on
assumptions
 HEARING – women and men, their needs,
priorities and perspectives
 COUNTING – the value of women’s work
 RESPECTING – full dignity of women and
men
 CARING – about women and men and
what happen to them
GENDER SENSITIVITY
 Not a war of the sexes
 Not an anti-male stance
 Both women and men are victims,
although women are affected more
than men.
 In practically ; all cultures, women
have a lower status than men.
GENDER SENSITIVITY
 Renaming and reimaging women or
men relationships to bring about
mutuality and partnership.
WHAT IS
SEX?
SEX ais natural
biologically
distinguishing
assignedvariable
to an
based
on biological attributes
individual.
SEX
refers – to Genitalia,
the biological
and
PHYSICAL
Reproductive
physiological
characteristics
that
Organs
GENETIC
– Chromosomes,
define
men
and women Hormones
BIOLOGY OF SEX
GENITALIA: PENIS,
SCROTUM
INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS:
TESTES
CHROMOSOMES:
HORMONES:
XY
TESTOSTERONE
VAGINA,
CLITORIS
GENITALIA:
INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE
UTERUS,
OVARIES
ORGANS:
CHROMOSOMES:
XX
ESTROGEN,
PROGESTERONE
HORMONES:
SEX
refers to the:
TWO
CATEGORIES
OF
ANIMALS
–
MALE
AND
FEMALE – needed for the act of
mating to result in biological
reproduction.
SEX: IN THE REALM OF THE BIOLOGICAL
SEX is a biological term;
• it is often referred to as the act of
mating between two organisms (an act
which is part of the process of
biological reproduction).
• A more technical term for this act is
COITUS.
?
?
MALE
REPRODUCTIVE
ORGAN (PENIS):
BIRD, COCK,
TALONG,
HOTDOG, BURAT,
TARUGO, MANOY
FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
ORGAN (VAGINA):
FLOWER, MANI,
TAHONG, KEPYAS,
KIKI
WHAT IS GENDER?
GENDER isrefers
what to
a
the
person
identifies
socially
constructed
himself
or herselfroles,
behaviours, activities,
and attributes that a
given
society
considers appropriate
for men and women.
ANO SA PANGKARANIWAN
ANG GENDER?
ito ay madalas iniuugnay sa
SEX kaya marami ang nalilito
tungkol sa pagkakaiba ng sex
at gender????
ANO ANG UGNAYAN NG
SEX AT GENDER?
Sa kalaunan, tinuturing na
ring natural ang mga gender
characteristics…
At dito nagkakaroon
ng PROBLEMA…
Gender is and
not binary;
it is a
“Male”
“Female”
“masculine”
and
spectrum.
are
sex categories are
“feminine”
gender categories
GENDER
Gender
refers
to
the
differentiated
social
roles,
behavior,
capacities
and
intellectual, emotional, and social
characteristics attributed by a
given culture to women and men.
The term implies the cultural
roles expected of a person.
The characteristics attributed to
females are labeled as feminine
and those attributed to males are
labeled as masculine as defined by
a given society.
Hence, gender
construct.
is
a
social
• Gender is a variable concept, as its
construction varies across cultures and
over time.
• Definition of masculine and feminine
often vary from one race and culture to
another.
• Variations in gender definitions are due
to specific economic, political, and
social conditions of each class, culture
or era.
SEX
GENDER
What makes one male
or female
What is masculine or feminine
Biologicallydetermined
Socially-determined;
culturally-defined
Refers to physical
characteristics
Refers to learned
behavior
SEX
GENDER
Constant across time
Changes over time
Constant/same
across different
societies and cultures
May vary in different
societies and cultures
Gender differences are created, produced,
reproduced & maintained by social institutions
Gender is multi-dimensional, influencing
economic, political & social interactions
and needs
SEX
GENDER
In
Inone
ancient
study
Egypt,
of
224Men
cultures,
stayed
there
at
home
were
In
Amongst
one
case,
Indian
when
Agricultural
a
child
brought
workers,
up
as
Women
can
breast
–
feed
babies,
men
Men have penis, while women have
Women
voices
break
have
developed
at
puberty,
uterus
women’s
and
5women
indid
which
weaving.
men
did
Women
all–
the
handled
cooking
Most
building-site
workers
inof
Britain
are
aMen’s
girl
learned
are
paid
that
40
he
was
60%
actually
thefamily
aand
male
boy,
Feminine
and
Masculine
can
bottle
–
feed
babies
vagina
Male
and
Female
Women
Little
girls
give
are
birth
gentle,
to
babies,
boys
men
are house
tough.
do and
not.
do
not.
business.
36 inhis
which
Women
women
inherited
did
allproperty
the
men
school
remarks
wage
improved
men
building
did not.
dramatically.
UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY
THE PREMISE FOR GENDER
SENSITIVITY
•
•
•
•
•
It’s not Pitying Women.
It’s not male bashing.
It not Anti-male.
It’s not a war of sexes.
Both Men and Women are VICTIMS of Gender
Inequality, although the VICTIMS are more often
the women than men.
• Both Men and Women have a stake in the struggle
for gender equality.
GENDER EQUALITY
Equality refers to similarity of
treatment
as
it
is
legally,
constitutionally and divinely given.
It is a fundamental right.
UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY
The governments
legal
concept
of world
gender
equality
Equality
The
refers
to similarity
of the
of treatment
reaffirmed
as their
it isis
enshrined
in the
1948 to
Universal
Declaration
of
legally,
commitment
constitutionally
in 1995
and
the
divinely
equal
given
rights
and
and
is
Human
Rights
as well
aswomen
United
ainherent
fundamental
human
human
dignity
right.
of all
andNations
men in
Convention
the
Beijing on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which
was adopted in 1979 and is also known as the
convention on women’s rights. CEDAW, which
has been ratified by 100 countries, states
clearly and unequivocally that discrimination
against women violates the principles of
equality of rights and respect for human
dignity.
UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY
CEDAW states that discrimination against
women
shall
mean
DISTINCTION,
EXCLUSION, or RESTRICTION made on the
basis of sex which has the purpose of
impairing or nullifying the recognition,
enjoyment
or
exercise
by
women,
irrespective of their marital status, on a
basis of equality of men and women, of
human rights and fundamental freedoms in
the political, economic, social, cultural,
civil or any other field..
GENDER EQUITY
Equity refers to a fair sharing of
resources,
opportunities
and
benefits according to a given
framework.
Equity is often viewed as a favour,
whereas equality is a fundamental
right.
UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUITY
Gender
equity is greater
concerned
with the
In the short-term:
emphasis
in
promotion
personal,
social, will
cultural,
the genderofequity
initiatives
be
political,
and improving
economic equality
for all. and
placed on
conditions
The
term asgender
equity girls
emerged
out of a
attitudes
they affect
and women.
growing
recognition
in
society
of
pervasive
In the long-term: these initiatives will
gender inequities.
also improve the situation for boys and
men.
STORY TELLING
THE STORY OF THE FOX AND THE CRANE
The Crane invited the Fox
to dinner. She served the
food in a deep vase, and
so the Fox with his short,
wide face could not eat.
The Fox invited the Crane
to dinner. He served the
food on a large flat dish.
Both friends had an equal opportunity
for nourishment,
The Crane
with her long,but
each time one of them could narrow
not take
advantage
beak
could not of
eat.this
opportunity.
IsIs
it itTHE
SAME?
Is
the
FAIR?
EQUAL?
the
FAIR?
IsIs
SAME?
IsitititTHE
EQUAL?
Now Our
Vision Is
To Have A
Gender
Fair Society
THANK YOU SO MUCH…
THANK YOU SO MUCH…
GENDER
Tools of analysis on
Gender Issues
socially-determined/learned behavior
FRAMEWORK
SOCIAL AUTHORITIES
OF INTERVENTION
that perpetuate culture
WELFARE
GENDER
ACCESS
CHURCH
ISSUES
CONSCIENTIZATION
STATE
that promote
PARTICIPATION
FAMILY
INEQUALITY
CONTROL
SCHOOL
EXPLOITATION
MEDIA
& counter-dev’t
MAINSTREAMING
--w/c created and nurtured
GENDER BIAS
MARGINALIZATION
SUBORDINATION
VAWC
STEREOTYPING
MULTIPLE BURDEN
an INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
for Gender & Development
beneficiaries
stakeholders awareness-
priorities
raising
WIP
programs
commitment infrastructure
political will resources/budget
Development for ALL!
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