USING THE 5 W’S TO
SUMMARIZE
WHO?
Who is the person or people
being studied?
 include a phrase with a
description or explanation.
Ex: George
Washington, the first
US president
WHAT?
What did the person or people do
that was important?
 action verbs
Ex: Wrote a speech
WHEN?
When did this take place?
 exact year or general
timeframe
Ex: 1796 - after
serving two terms as
president
WHERE
?
Where did this happen?
 geographical location
Ex: his home - Mount
Vernon, Virginia
Why is it important to know this?
 historical context
Ex: Explained why he
wouldn’t serve a 3rd
term as president
which became the
precedent for future
presidents.
WHY?
Summarization Sentence:
• Put the information together to write one sentence the provides a
summary of the learning.
• Rearrange the questions to vary the sentence patterns.
Examples:
• In 1796 after serving two terms, George Washington wrote a speech at Mount
Vernon explaining why he wouldn’t serve a third term, which became the
precedent for future presidents.
• From his home in Mount Vernon, George Washington, the first US president,
wrote a speech in 1796 after serving two terms explaining why he wouldn’t
serve a third term which became the precedent for future presidents.
WHO?
USING THE 5 W’S TO
SUMMARIZE
Who is the person
or people being
studied?
 include a phrase
with a
description or
explanation.
WHAT?
What did the
person or people do
that was important?
 action verbs
WHEN?
When did this take
place?
 exact year or
general
timeframe
WHERE?
Where did this
happen?
 geographical
location
WHY?
Why is it important
to know this?
 historical
context
Summarization Sentence:
• Put the information together to write one sentence the provides a
summary of the learning.
• Rearrange the questions to vary the sentence patterns.
Answering Questions with C. E.
R.
Claim – Evidence – Reasoning
1.
What is the claim?
• Restate the question in order to make a claim.
2.
What evidence can be provided to support the
claim?
• Cite primary and secondary source documents
used to make the claim or answer to the question.
3.
How does the evidence given support the claim that
was made?
• Explain how this justifies the answer.
QUESTION
What is the historical significance of the Magna Carta?
CLAIM
The historical significance of the Magna Carta is that it was a
guide for future documents such as the US Constitution.
EVIDENCE
The Magna Carta and the Constitution both include the right
of people to be governed by representatives.
REASONIN
G
The “founding fathers” used historical documents such as the
Magna Carta as a basis for the US government.
The historical significance of the Magna Carta is that it was a guide for future
documents such as the US Constitution. The Magna Carta and the Constitution
both include the right of people to be governed by representatives which
shows that the “founding fathers” used historical documents such as the
Magna Carta as a basis for the US government.
The Magna Carta was historically significant because it was used as a guide for
documents such as the US Constitution. Both included the right of people to
be governed by representatives and protected individual freedoms.
1.
Answering Questions with C. E.
R.
Claim – Evidence – Reasoning
What is the claim?
• Restate the question in order to make a claim.
2.
What evidence can be provided to support the claim?
• Cite primary and secondary source documents used to
make the claim or answer to the question.
3.
How does the evidence given support the claim that was
made?
• Explain how this justifies the answer.
QUESTIO
N:
CLAIM
EVIDENCE
REASONI
NG
Identifying Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect is a relationship in history between an event, a
condition, or a decision (the cause) and the events or results that follow
it (the effect).
Understanding cause and consequence is a key aspect of historical
analysis and helps historians to understand how and why things
happened in the past.
As we study historical events, we discover that things do not simply
‘happen’ without reason.
• Historical events are caused by things that occurred before them.
• Historical events also have effects or consequences both
immediately and long after the event is over.
Cause 1
Effect 1
Short term
(right before)
Cause 2
Intermediate
(leading up)
Short term
(immediate)
Even
t
Cause 3
Long term
(documented in
history)
Treaty of Paris
created 13
independent
states
Boston Massacre
Boston Tea Party
Colonist wanted
freedom from
British rule
Intermediate
(as time went
on)
Effect 3
Long term
(years before)
England imposed
taxes against
colonist
Effect 2
American
Revolution
US Constitution
written to unite
states
Westward
expansion
Identifying Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect is a relationship in history between an event, a
condition, or a decision (the cause) and the events or results that follow
it (the effect).
Understanding cause and consequence is a key aspect of historical
analysis and helps historians to understand how and why things
happened in the past.
As we study historical events, we discover that things do not simply
‘happen’ without reason.
• Historical events are caused by things that occurred before them.
• Historical events also have effects or consequences both
immediately and long after the event is over.
Event in
Cause 1
Effect 1
history
Short term
Short term
Cause 2
Effect 2
Intermediate
Intermediate
Cause 3
Effect 3
Long term
Long term
Comparing and Contrasting
Comparing and contrasting is used to analyze the similarities or
likenesses and differences in two or more people, places, events, or
ideas,
Comparing and contrasting with a Venn Diagram:
1. Identify the two concepts.
2. Create a chart listing all of the qualities of each.
3. Highlight those qualities that appear on both lists. These are the similarities and
will go into the center circles that overlap.
4. List the remaining items (the differences) for each concept in the out portion of
each circle.
Concept 1
Concept 2
Qualities
Qualities
facts
facts
notes
notes
Sparta
Athens
Assemblies of free
men debated laws
Assemblies of
discussed and voted
on laws
Greek city state
Greek city state
Focus on military
and strength
Focus on education
and citizenship
Mandatory
military training at
age 7
Military training at
age 18
Dependent on
farming
Dependent on trade
Women had some
right to own land
and have jobs
Women had no
rights to property
Had slave trade
Had slave trade
Concept 1
only
Similarities
Concept 2
only
SPARTA
BOTH
ATHENS
Greek city states
focus on military
focus on education
Slavery
Farmers
women could own
property
Military training
Assemblies
discussed laws
tradesmen
women had little
rights
Comparing and Contrasting
Comparing and contrasting is used to analyze the similarities or
likenesses and differences in two or more people, places, events, or
ideas,
Comparing and contrasting with a Venn Diagram:
1. Identify the two concepts.
2. Create a chart listing all of the qualities of each.
3. Highlight those qualities that appear on both lists. These are the similarities and
will go into the center circles that overlap.
4. List the remaining items (the differences) for each concept in the out portion of
each circle.
Concept 1
Concept 2
Where in the World???
Geographers can describe a place in different ways:
Location – a place on a map
• Absolute location – a location based on a fixed point
• Coordinates (longitude and latitude), Southern Hemisphere
• Name (Statue of Liberty)
• Address (1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington DC)
• Relative location – location based on relation to other places
• Relative location can change based on the reference (Lafayette, LA is
west of the Mississippi river, but East of the Sabine River)
• North of the Equator
Region - a specific area that has common features such as
language, government, religion, or climate
• Midwest, New England, Cajun Country
Place – a description of the physical and human characteristics of a
given location
• Cold, urban, Southern, wilderness
New Orleans, LA
LOCATION
REGION
PLACE
30 N, 90 W
Southeastern US
North of the Gulf of Mexico
Hot, humid summer months
Mild winters
French and Spanish influence
Known for Mardi Gras
celebrations
Where in the World???
Location – a place on a map
• Absolute location – a location based on a fixed point
• Coordinates (longitude and latitude), Name, Address
• Relative location – location based on relation to other places
Region - a specific area that has common features such as
language, government, religion, or climate
Place – a description of the physical and human characteristics of a
given location
LOCATION
REGION
PLACE