SPONTANEITY, EQUILIBRIUM, AND ENERGY OF R EACTIONS Finals Week No.1 A Matter of Spontaneity The entropy of the universe is always positive as it continues to expand . He heavenly bodies move farther away from each other, forming galaxies and other star systems. Big Idea: Spontaneity of Chemical Processes Theme Focus: Enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy are indicators of the spontaneity of a chemical process. 1.Predict the spontaneity of a process based on entropy 2.Determine whether entropy increases or decreases if temperature, phase or number of particles are changed. 3.Explain the second law of thermodynamics and its significance 4.Use Gibbs free energy to determine the direction of reaction A Closer Look Thermodynamics and Perpetual Motion In the fifteenth century, Leonardo da Vinci (1452 -1519) drew several sketches of a perpetual motion machine – a theoretical machine that turns perpetually, thus producing work without any energy input. If ever successfully invented, the machine was believed to solve all the energy problems of the world. However, such machine would violate the laws of thermodynamics. • Strive to establish order in everyday tasks • Accept reasons when things do not happen as planned • Learn to adopt to any change Seatwork No. 1 ( ¼ sheet of paper) Date: Nov.3, 2022 Write five examples of spontaneous processes and five examples of non – spontaneous processes that you encounter everyday.