Reading and Writing
Skills
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Claim of Fact
Reading and Writing Skills – Senior High School
Quarter 3 – Module 5: Claim of Fact
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Region XI
Regional Director: Evelyn R. Fetalvero
Assistant Regional Director: Maria Ines C. Asuncion
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Jobellyn May A. Aguirre
Editors: Melchora O. Dumbase, Dareen Louise Guisehan
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Manuel P. Vallejo
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Reading and Writing
Skills
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Claim of Fact
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.
For the learner:
As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded
of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will
experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies.
You can do it!
ii
Let Us Learn
Reading as a critical element of literacy is very essential for
individuals’ success. It is one of the ways that we use language in our daily
life to gather information, communicate with others and for enjoyment.
Hence, reading always occurs in context. Thus, when you read and evaluate
the text you are reading, it is important to validate your assertions and
counterclaims with valid evidences to produce meaningful evaluative
statements. In this module, you will be introduced to the different types of
claims, hypertext and intertext, formulating evaluative statements, and
textual evidences.
This module consists of one lesson- the Claim of Fact.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Identify claims explicitly or implicitly made in a written text
a. Claim of fact (EN11/12RWS-IIIij-6)
Let Us Try
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Which of
a.
b.
c.
d.
3. Which of
a.
b.
c.
d.
4. Which of
a.
b.
c.
d.
the following is a claim?
The Philippines has a lot of white sand beaches.
The tawa-tawa plant can be used to cure cancer.
Mount Samat is located in Aklan.
Kudarat was the sultan of Sulu.
the following is NOT a claim?
Bananas are rich in vitamins.
Some computers are more intelligent than humans.
We should prioritize dealing with climate change.
It’s more fun in the Philippines.
the following is NOT a claim of fact?
Honesty is the best policy.
Classical music can calm an angry mob.
Atlantis is located near Turkey.
Food supplement do not really promote health.
the following is a claim of fact?
The death penalty must be restored.
Eating vegetables benefits a person’s health.
Filipinos are very good singers.
The government should help poor people.
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5. Which of the following is TRUE?
a. Claims are statements accepted universally.
b. Negative statements cannot be claims.
c. All claims of policy are also claims of facts.
d. Claims of value relate to what is good or bad.
6. Which of the following is FALSE?
a. Claims must have a degree of controversy.
b. Claims must be related to an issue.
c. Claims of policy must be related to legal issues.
d. Claims of policy talk about conditions that must exist.
7. Which is NOT a claim of fact?
a. Most of the students in this class come from towns within fifty
miles.
b. The only life in the universe exists on this planet.
c. Firemen in this town should be well-paid.
d. Death penalty does not deter crime.
8. Which defines a claim of fact?
a. It could be based from data, document, scientific observation,
result or research.
b. It is based on preference such as likes/dislikes (good or bad)
c. It is a statement that indicates an action must be taken in
specific policies.
d. It provides a solution to a certain problem.
9. A claim should be the following, EXCEPT _____.
a. argumentative and debatable
b. specific and focused
c. interesting and engaging
d. illogical
10. Which among the following is a claim of fact?
a. America should protect its domestic industries with tariffs and
quotas.
b. It is wrong to use social media to bully people.
c. Television newscasting influences the way Americans think
about social and political issues.
d. To attract more nontraditional students, this college must
review and revise its course offerings.
2
Let Us Study
Task 1: What’s the word?
Use the clues below to complete in the crossword puzzle with the correct
words. Write your answers in another sheet of paper.
Across:
2. a statement that is not
considered accepted by all
3. another term for evidence that is
used to conform a fact
4. information that is not directly
presented in the text
8. the information stated in the
text
Down:
1. reading
that
judges
the
legitimacy of the information
5. it is considered as information
that can be verified
6. it advocates a specific course of
action
7. a statement that conveys belief,
feeling and preference
Task 2: Fact or Opinion
Directions: Read each sentence and decide whether each example is a fact
or an opinion. Write F for fact and O for opinion. Write your answers in
another sheet of paper.
_____1. Deserts are not as beautiful as forests.
_____2. The Earth’s largest ocean is the Pacific Ocean.
_____3. Abraham Lincoln was the greatest president.
_____4. Leftover spaghetti is delicious.
_____5. Honeybees are insects.
_____6. Basketball is more interesting than softball.
_____7. Brazil is on the continents in South America.
_____8. Entertainment and politics do not mix well.
_____9. Madrid is the capital of Spain.
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_____10. French fries taste better with tomato sauce.
_____11. Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time.
_____12. Barack Hussein Obama became the president of the United
States of America.
_____13. Blue is an attractive color.
_____14. The fastest land-dwelling creature is the cheetah.
_____15. My parents like classical musical than pop music.
Task 3. Bingo!
Directions: Complete the details below by providing factual information you
know about the following items. You can also ask you parents, siblings or
relatives in the house. Record the time you spend in completing this activity.
Write your answers on another sheet of paper.
Ex. Apples – Apples grow on trees.
Dogs
Fish
Cats
Manny Pacquiao
Pres. Rodrigo Duterte
Vice Ganda
Basketball
Soccer
Softball
Television
Cellphone
Facebook
Time Spent: ___________________
Processing Questions:
1. Is it hard to identify a statement that is true from a something that is
not?
2. What usually are your bases to identify that a statement is a fact?
3. How does a fact differ from an opinion?
4. Why is there a need for us to identify the claim of the author based on
the text written?
5. Do you think that a statement can be more convincing if it indicates a
claim of fact?
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Critical Reading Leads to Significant Understanding:
Readers interact with the material through critical
reading. When you practice critical reading, you are not just
gathering information; you are also judging the importance
and legitimacy of the information you have gathered by
judging the purpose, manner of presentation, and holistic
development of the arguments presented in the text.
To properly evaluate the ideas you have gathered while reading, you
must be able to know the different kinds of information which are explicit
information and implicit information.
Two Kinds of Information:
Explicit Information is the information stated in the text. Readers can see
the piece of information stated in the given passage.
Implicit information is the information not directly presented in the text.
As readers, we need to read between the lines to understand the details that
the writer is trying to tell us.
Sometimes, we read because we need to perform a task after reading.
The different kinds of information we have gathered through reading may be
used as a basis for our next task. We can sufficiently discuss our opinion
depending on the evidence that we have collected from the texts we have
read. Proofs or claims can be used based on the type of presentation or
argumentation that you wish to do.
What is a Claim?
Language and logic are inseparable tools in reading effectively. Claims
necessitate the use of language and logic in presenting the veracity of
statements, propositions, and arguments. A claim should not be confused
with evidence. Evidence strengthens and complements the claims. Claims
are significant in supporting propositions and arguments.
A claim is a statement that is not considered accepted by all. It may
be unverified or controversial to a certain degree. It is usually related to one
side of the issue. It is also called a position.
A claim should be:
1. argumentative and debatable
2. specific and focused
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3. interesting, engaging and logical
Types of Claims:
1. Claim of Fact is a statement of something that can be verified. It could be
based from data, document, scientific observation, result or research.
Ex. 1. The oldest known disease in the world is leprosy.
2. Global warming will impact generations and eventually ruin the
environment.
2. Claim of Value is based on preference such as likes/dislikes (good or bad)
Ex. 1. The Golden State Warriors is the best team in NBA.
2. Solar and wind power are better sources of energy than oil, gas, or
coal.
3. Claim of Policy is a statement that indicates an action must be taken in
specific policies.
Ex. 1. The Filipino language needs to be developed.
2. People should stay at home during a pandemic.
Claim of Fact
Claim of Value
Claim of Policy
Generally, Facebook
received most visits
than Twitter and
Instagram.
Facebook is better than
Twitter and Instagram.
Facebook must be doing
well considering the
number of visitors it has
every day,
Debatable, verifiable,
specific, objective
Requires a “standard” to
verify
Suggests a solution or
action or a policy
In order to understand the concept better, it is good to define some
important terminologies in the study of claims.
1. Fact refers to information that is certain and can be proven based
on documents, historical data, research, and observation.
2. Opinion refers to judgment or belief formed about something that
may not be necessarily based on fact or knowledge.
3. Argument refers to presentation of opinion about something using
language. It needs to be supported by evidence.
4. Persuasion refers to an emotional state wherein the intended reader
is moved to agree with a belief or position through argument, appeal,
or course of action.
5. Evidence refers to details, facts, reasons, statistics, expert research,
and personal experience that relates and supports a claim.
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Let’s focus!
Claim of Fact (COF)
Claim of Fact relates to a statement that can be easily verified and not
dependent on a person's preference. It also asserts that a condition has
existed, is existing, or will exist and is based on facts or data. Facts that are
universally accepted are not considered claim of fact but instead a
statement of fact.
Claims of fact are often qualified by such terms as generally, probably,
or as a rule. And, to verify whether these statements are claim of fact or not,
ask these questions: Is it debatable? Is it verifiable? Is it specific? Can it be
solved objectively?
A fact can be proven to be true.
How to decide if a statement is a fact?
 If you can find proof, or evidence for the statement, then it is a FACT.
Look



at these sentences:
Rabbits are mammals.
George Washington was the first president of the United States.
There are books in the library.
Does the author of the statements want you to believe that these
sentences are facts?
Rabbits are mammals. (You could check in
encyclopedia and find proof that the sentence
a dictionary or
states a fact.)
Questions to Identify Facts:
1. Can the statement be proven or demonstrated to be true?
2. Can the statement be observed in practice or operation? Can you see it
happen?
3. Can the statement be verified by witnesses, manuscripts, or documents?
Types of factual claims (generally "objective")
1. Factual/historical
2. Relational - causal connections
3. Predictive
 Proof requires
• sufficient and appropriate grounds
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• reliable authority
• recent data
Opinions are statements that express a writer’s feelings, attitudes, or
beliefs. They are neither true nor false. They are one person’s view about a
topic or issue.
Example: My car payments are too expensive.
Types
1.
2.
3.
of Opinion:
Positions on controversial issues
Predictions about things in the future
Evaluations of people, places, and things
Let Us Practice
Task 4: As a Matter of Fact!
Directions: Identify if the following sentences comprising the paragraph are
facts or opinions. Write your answers on another sheet of paper.
[1] Flowering plants that are native to the South include purple
coneflower and rose verbena. [2] In the view of many longtime gardeners,
these two plants are an essential part of the Southern landscape. [3] Trees
that are native to the South include a variety of oaks, as well as flowering
dogwoods and redbuds. [4] Dogwoods are especially lovely, with their white,
pink, or coral blossoms announcing the arrival of spring. [5] For fall color,
the deep red of the Virginia willow makes a spectacular show in the native
Southern garden.
1. _________
2. _________
3. _________
4_________
5. _________
Task 5: Just Give Me a Reason
Directions: Identify if the following statements are facts or opinions. Provide
a reason to prove your answer.
Ex. The ugliest sea creature is the manatee.
(Opinion-because it is based only on perspective.)
Statement
Fact
1. You could be called Filipino even if
you’re not born in the Philippines.
2. Social distancing helps us lessen the
8
Opinion
Reason
Statement
Fact
Opinion
Reason
coronavirus pandemic.
3. Many people have dogs for pets.
4. Neil Armstrong was the first man to
step foot on the moon.
5. The first Mindanaoan president is
Pres. Rodrigo R. Duterte.
6. Santa Claus is real.
7. COVID-19 is a new virus which has
spread quickly to many countries
around the world.
8. Knowing the facts about COVID-19
symptoms, how the virus spreads, and
what you can do to stop it will help
protect you and your community.
9. Ordering or buying products shipped
from overseas will make a person sick.
10. Coronavirus is the most dangerous
virus to exist.
Let Us Practice More
Task 6: Clash of Claims
Instructions: Identify which type of claim the statement belongs and put a
check (/) inside the box that it represents.
Statements
Claim
Claim of Claim of
of Fact
Value
Policy
1. Honesty is the best policy.
2. Staying late at night can cause obesity.
3. Smoking can lead to respiratory
infection.
4. Be kind, for everyone has a hard battle
to win.
5. Social media make every youth share
common goals.
6. Extra-judicial Killings lessen the crimes
in our community.
7. All students must be strictly prohibited
to bring any gadget at school.
8. Barkada Kontra Droga would eradicate
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drug addiction in the community.
9. Zero Waste Management should be
strictly implemented in the school
campus.
10. To compete globally, the Department
of Education adapted the K to 12
Curriculum.
Let Us Remember
Claim is a statement that is not considered accepted by all. It may be
unverified or controversial to a certain degree. It is usually related to one
side of the issue. It is also called a position.
Claim of Fact is a statement of something that can be verified. It could be
based on data, document, scientific observation, result, or research.
Let Us Assess
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate
answer sheet.
1. Which of
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Which of
a.
b.
c.
d.
3. Which of
a.
b.
c.
d.
4. Which of
a.
b.
c.
d.
5. Which of
a.
b.
the following is a claim?
The Philippines has a lot of white sand beaches.
The tawa-tawa plant can be used to cure cancer.
Mount Samat is located in Aklan.
Kudarat was the sultan of Sulu.
the following is NOT a claim?
Bananas are rich in vitamins.
Some computers are more intelligent than humans.
We should prioritize dealing with climate change.
It’s more fun in the Philippines.
the following is NOT a claim of fact?
Honesty is the best policy.
Classical music can calm an angry mob.
Atlantis is located near Turkey.
Food supplement do not really promote health.
the following is a claim of fact?
The death penalty must be restored.
Eating vegetables benefits a person’s health.
Filipinos are very good singers.
The government should help poor people.
the following is TRUE?
Claims are statements accepted universally.
Negative statements cannot be claims.
10
c. All claims of policy are also claims of facts.
d. Claims of value relate to what is good or bad.
6. Which of the following is FALSE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
7. Which is
a.
Claims must have a degree of controversy.
Claims must be related to an issue.
Claims of policy must be related to legal issues.
Claims of policy talk about conditions that must exist.
NOT a claim of fact?
Most of the students in this class come from towns within fifty
miles.
b. The only life in the universe exists on this planet.
c. Firemen in this town should be well-paid.
d. Death penalty does not deter crime.
8. Which defines a claim of fact?
a. It could be based from data, document, scientific observation,
result or research.
b. It is based on preference such as likes/dislikes (good or bad)
c. It is a statement that indicates an action must be taken in
specific policies.
d. It provides a solution to a certain problem.
9. A claim should be the following, EXCEPT _____.
a. argumentative and debatable
b. specific and focused
c. interesting and engaging
d. illogical
10. Which among the following is a claim of fact?
a. America should protect its domestic industries with tariffs and
quotas.
b. It is wrong to use social media to bully people.
c. Television newscasting influences the way Americans think
about social and political issues.
d. To attract more nontraditional students, this college must
review and revise its course offerings.
Let Us Enhance
Choose a current issue. (1) Write a paragraph that contains factual
descriptive account about the issue. (2) Next, write a paragraph that, besides
being informative, is entertaining. (3) Then, write a paragraph that uses
claim of facts in a persuasive way.
Rubrics:
Score
4
Content
Answer is
appropriate to
Organization
The ideas are
arranged
11
Development
Develops each
point with may
Use of Language
Uses technical or
scientific
3
2
1
the content
correctly and
and is factually in logical
correct.
progression.
specific details.
Answers
question
completely.
Answer is
appropriate to
the question.
Content may
have one or
two factual
errors.
Content relates
peripherally to
the question;
contains
significant
factual errors.
The ideas are
partly jumbled
yet
comprehensible
Each point
supported with
some details
and evidence.
All important
points included.
Most of the
ideas are
jumbled.
Sparse details or
evidence.
Question only
partially
answered.
Content
unrelated to
question
The ideas are
disorganized
which clouded
the thought of
the response.
Statements are
unsupported by
any detail or
explanation.
Repetitious,
incoherent,
illogical
development.
terminology
appropriately and
correctly. No major
grammatical or
spelling errors.
Accurate word
choice. No more
than 2 major errors
and a few minor
errors.
Ordinary word
choice; use of
scientific
terminology
avoided. Some
serious errors (but
they don’t impair
communication).
Limited vocabulary;
errors impair
communication.
Let Us Reflect
Did you learn a lot of things in this module? If so, tell us your thoughts below.
We will be so glad to read and know your learning in this module.
The most important lesson(s) I learned from this module was/were
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
The activity that I enjoyed doing was __________________________________
because _______________________________________________________________.
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Let us Assess:
1.b
2.a
3. a
4. d
5. d
6. c
7.c
8.a
9. d
10. b
Let us Study
Task 3
Answers may
vary.
13
Let us Practice
Task 5
1. f
2. f
3. o
4. f
5. o
6. f
7. f
8. f
9. o
10. o
Let us Practice
More
Task 6
1. value
2. fact
3. fact
4. policy
5. fact
6. fact
7. policy
8. fact
9. policy
10. fact
Let us Study
Task 1
1.critical
2.claim
3.proof
4.implicit
5.fact
6.policy
7.opinion
8.explicit
Let us Study
Task 2
1. O
2. F
3. O
4. O
5. F
6. O
7. F
8. O
9. F
10. O
11. O
12. F
13. O
14. F
15. F
Let us Practice
Task 4
1. fact
2. fact
3. fact
4. opinion
5. opinion
Let us Try
1.b
2.a
3. a
4. d
5. d
6. c
7.c
8.a
9. d
10. b
Answer Key
References
Gabelo, Nerissa, Theresa Pesayco, Ana Helena Lovitos, Edwin Nebria, Ariel
San Jose, Warlita Mina, Jocelyn Bacasmot, Mary Ann Tarusan,
Geoffre
Girado, Luningning Tecson, and Jocelyn L. Novelozo. Skillful
Reading
Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc., 2014, 76-80.
Gabelo, Nerissa, Kristine Marie Concepcion, Edwin Nebria, Geoffrey Girado,
Warlita Mina, Theresa Pesayco, Jocelyn Bacasmot, Mary Ann
Tarusan,
and Jocelyn Novelozo. Reading-Writing: The Effective Connection
for
Senior High School Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.,
2016, 34-41.
Anudin, Ali, Andrew Rey Peňa, and Phebe Peňa. Reading and writing.
Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc. 2016, 108-116.
Printables and Worksheets, August 24, 2020, https://www.teach
nology.com/worksheets/language_arts/factopin/fo1.pdf
Opinion. Facts vs Opinions. August 21, 2020.
https://www.montgomerycollege.edu/_documents/support/learningcenters/writing-reading-learning-ctr-rockville/student-resourcestech/fact-vs-opinion.pdf
14
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Region XI
F. Torres St., Davao City
Telefax: (082) 291-1665, (082) 221-6147
Email Address: lrms.regionxi@deped.gov.ph