Inclusive Learning Flexible Learning ● “Inclusive learning and teaching recognises all student’s entitlement to a learning experience that respects diversity, enables participation, removes barriers and anticipates and considers a variety of learning needs and preferences.” HEA framework for student access, retention, attainment and progression ● Flexible learning is a student-centered approach that provides students with choice in what and how they learn, when and where they learn. Alise Crossland & UDL ● Kristin Ruedel, American Institutes for Research ● Three overarching principles for UDL: multiple means of engagement, multiple means of representation, and multiple means of action and expression.(CAST (2018). OBE ● “OBE is education clearly used in because it focuses and organizes everything in an educational system around what is for all necessary UDL is grounded in emerging insights about brain development, learning, and digital media”. (Rose and Meyer., 2002). students to be able to do at the end of their learning..”Asim, H. M., Vaz, A., Ahmed, A., & Sadiq, S. (2021). ● “Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a set of principles that can be used to guide course design and delivery with the goal of enhancing the learning for the greatest number of students. (Al-Azawei et al., 2016; CAST, 2018; Rose et al., 2006). ● Outcomes education based (OBE) is a process that involves the restructuring curriculum, of. assessment and reporting practices in education to reflect the achievement order of high learning and mastery rather than the “Universal Design for Learning (UDL), a framework for designing instruction to address accumulation of course credits” (Tucker, 2004). the wide range of learner variation in today’s inclusive classrooms, can be applied effectively to broaden access, understanding, and engagement in digital and media literacy learning for ALL. UDL supports constructivist learning principles” (Dalton, E. 2017) “The design and delivery of teaching, learning and assessment methods that allow all students to engage meaningfully with the curriculum and achieve their full potential.” Phil Gravestock, ● University of Wolverhampton, presented at Institute of Physics, May 2017, Building momentum towards inclusive teaching and learning Flexible Learning is a set of educational philosophies and systems, concerned with providing learners with increased choice, convenience, and personalisation to suit the learner. In particular, flexible learning provides learners with choices about where, when, and how learning occurs”. (Joan, R., 2007). ● It applies learnercentered constructivism approach which is indicated by a shift from the teacher taking learning responsibilities to the learner taking these responsibilities as well (Lewis & Spencer, 1986; Goode, 2007). ● OBE is a system of education giving priority to ends, purpose, accomplishments, results. about All the and decisions curriculum, assessment, and instruction are driven by the exit outcomes the learning students should display at the end of a program or a course. (Rao, N.J., 2020)).