APHG Vocab Political Patterns and Processes - TWHS9
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1.
antecedent boundary: a political boundary that existed before
the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in a place while
people moved into occupy the surroundings
22.
federal state: a country whose government distributes power
between the central government and state/local governments;
more locally based, dispersed power centers
2.
autocracy: a government that is run according to the interests
of the ruler rather than the people
23.
3.
autonomous region: area of a country that has a degree of
autonomy, or has freedom from an external authority
fortified boundary: when a state constructs physical barriers
along a boundary to either keep people in or out of its
territory
24.
4.
balance of power: when competing forces (or countries) come
to a level where no single one is strong enough to dominate
the others
forward capital: a capital city that is located away from the
core region for economic or political reasons in a symbolic
gesture
25.
5.
Berlin Conference: A meeting from 1884-1885 at which
representatives of European nations agreed on rules for
colonizing Africa
frontier: a zone separating two states in which neither state
exercises political control
26.
geometric boundary: a border that is a straight line and drawn
without taking into account the physical and cultural features
of the land
27.
gerrymandering: the process of redrawing legislative
boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power
28.
imperialism: a broad concept that includes a variety of ways of
influencing another country or group of people through direct
conquest, economic control, or by cultural dominance
29.
irredentism: when one country seeks to annex a territory in
another because it has ties to the population that lives there
30.
landlocked state: a state that does not have a direct outlet to
the sea
31.
Law of the Sea: standardized the territorial sovereignty limits
for most countries at 12 nautical miles and rights to marine
life/minerals within 200 miles
6.
boundary: an invisible line that marks the extent of a state's
territory
7.
centrifugal force: a force that divides people and countries
8.
centripetal force: an attitude that tends to unify people and
enhance support for a state
9.
choke point: a strategic, narrow waterway between two larger
bodies of water that provides passage through or to another
region
10.
Cold War: the state of political hostility that existed between
the communist Soviet bloc countries and the US-led Western
powers from 1945 to 1990
11.
colonialism: a particular type of imperialism in which people
move into and settle on the land of another country
12.
colony: a territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather
than completely independent
32.
maritime boundary: the extensions of a country's territory that
extend into the oceans around them
13.
communism: a system of social organization based on the
elimination of private property; government controls means of
production
33.
microstate: a state that encompasses a very small land area
34.
minority/majority districting: rearranging districts to allow a
minority representative to be elected; used to sway electoral
votes
35.
monarchy: a government ruled by a king or queen
36.
multiethnic state: a state that contains more than one ethnicity
37.
multinational state: a state that contains two or more ethnic
groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to
coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct
nationalities
14.
consequent boundary: a subsequent boundary that
accommodates existing cultural differences. A boundary line
that is drawn to coincide with some cultural divide, such as
religion, culture or race.
15.
demilitarized zone: an area previously in conflict from which
weapons and military forces have been removed
16.
democracy: a government in which citizens elect leaders and
can run for office
38.
17.
democratization: transition to a more democratic political
regime
multistate nation: a group of people who share a common
characteristic and live in multiple states
39.
18.
devolution: the transfer or delegation of power to a lower
level, especially by central government to local or regional
administration
nation: a culturally defined group of people bound together by
a common cultural heritage
40.
nationalism/ethnonationalism: the desire of an ethnic
community to have absolute authority over its own political,
economic, and social affairs
41.
nationality: identity with a group of people that share legal
attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a
result of being born there.
19.
economy of scale: cost advantage of conducting economic
activity on a large scale
20.
ethnic separatism: a group advocating for independence for a
nation inside a state
21.
failed state: a state whose political or economic system has
become so weak that the government is no longer in control
42.
nation-state: a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality
43.
neocolonialism: a new form of global power relationships that involves not direct political control but economic exploitation by other
countries
44.
redistricting: the redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts
and keep districts as equal as possible in population.
45.
relic boundary: a former boundary line that is still discernible and marked by some cultural landscape features
46.
self-determination: the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
47.
semi-autonomous region: an area inside of a country that has some power to control itself more than other areas in a country
48.
shatterbelt: an area of instability between regions with opposing political and cultural values
49.
sovereignty: ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states
50.
state: an area organized into a political unit that has sovereignty over its internal and foreign affairs; formal term for a country
51.
stateless nation: a group of people with a common political identity who do not have a territoriality defined, sovereign country of
their own.
52.
subsequent boundary: a boundary drawn after the development of the cultural landscape; two types: consequent and superimposed
53.
superimposed boundary: a subsequent boundary that is imposed on the cultural landscape by powerful outsiders which ignores preexisting cultural patterns
54.
supranationalism: when multiple countries form an organization to collectively achieve greater benefits for all members
55.
territoriality: the perceived connection of people, their culture and their economic systems to the land shown by a willingness to
defend space they claim
56.
terrorism: the systematic use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population or coerce a government into granting its
demands
57.
theocracy: government run by religious leaders
58.
transnational corporation: a company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where
its headquarters or shareholders are located
59.
unitary state: an internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials; top down
centralized governance