Chemistry Homework
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
IONIC BONDING DEFINITION
Ionic bonding occurs when a metal transfers one or more electrons or more electrons to a
nonmental in an effort to attain a stable octet of electrons. For example, the transfer of an
electron from sodium to chlorine can be depicted by a Lewis dot diagram.
Classify each of the following elements as an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, transition
metal, metalloid, halogen, or noble gas based on its position in the periodic table:

boron
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
gold
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
krypton
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
calcium
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Show the transfer of electrons in the following combinations.:
K+F
Mg + I
Be + S
Al + Br
Na + O
COVALENT BONDING DEFINITION
Covalent bonding occurs when two or more nonmetals share electrons, attempting to attain a
stable octet of electrons at least part of the time.
Fill in the missing information in the chart below:
Element
# of Protons
# of Electrons
# of Valence
Electrons
Carbon
Hydrogen
Chlorine
Helium
Phosphorus
Oxygen
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Show how covalent bonding occurs in each of the following pairs of atoms:
H+H
F+F
O+O
H+O+O
C+O+O
# of electrons to
fill outer shell.
TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS
Classify the following compounds as ionic (metal + nonmetal), covalent (nonmental +metal) or
both (compound containing a polyatomic ion).
SO3
CaCl2
CO2
LiBr
H2O
KI
K2O
NaOH
BaSO4
HCl
CH4
MgO
Cl2
KCl
1. Explain why oxygen is considered reactive while neon is not.
2. Why do some atoms lose electrons, and some atoms gain electrons during ionic
bonding?
3. Why do atoms like fluorine and chlorine have similar reactivity?
4. Please explain the octet rule.