Interp ANSWER ersonal Category - Figurehead - As a manager, you have social, ceremonial and legal responsibilities. You're expected to be a source of inspiration. People look up to you as a person with authority, and as a figurehead. - Leader - This is where you provide leadership for your team, your department or perhaps your entire organization; and it's where you manage the performance and responsibilities of everyone in the group - Liaison - Managers must communicate with internal and external contacts. You need to be able to network effectively on behalf of your organization. Informational Category - Monitor - you regularly seek out information related to your organization and industry, looking for relevant changes in the environment. You also monitor your team, in terms of both their productivity, and their well-being - Spokesperson - represent and speak for their organization. In this role, you're responsible for transmitting information about your organization and its goals to the people outside it - Disseminator Decisional Category - Entrepreneur - As a manager, you create and control change within the organization. This means solving problems, generating new ideas, and implementing them. - Disturbance Handler - When an organization or team hits an unexpected roadblock, it's the manager who must take charge. You also need to help mediate disputes within it. - Resource Allocator - You'll also need to determine where organizational resources are best applied. This involves allocating funding, as well as assigning staff and other organizational resources. - Negotiator - You may be needed to take part in, and direct, important negotiations within your team, department, or organization. Human skills - competencies needed for all levels of management. the ability to work well with other people individually and in a group Technical skills - competencies important, particularly for lower management. job-specific knowledge and techniques needed to proficiently perform specific tasks. Conceptual skills - competencies with a substantial importance, particularly for top management . the ability to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENT - Brought out that the productivity of the employees is not the function of only physical conditions of work and money wages paid to them Productivity of employees depends heavily upon the satisfaction of the employees in their work situation. PLANNING - Is future-oriented and determines an organization’s direction. It is a rational and systematic way of making decisions today that will affect the future of the company Classical Theory - Organization and management theory is based on contributions from a number of sources. They are scientific management, Administrative management theory, bureaucratic model, and micro-economics and public administration Management - Is a vital aspect of the economic life of man, which is an organized group activity. A central directing and controlling agency are indispensable fora business concern Directing - Function is concerned with leadership, communication, motivation, and supervision so that the employees perform their activities in the most efficient manner possible, in order to achieve the desired goals Organization - Is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose. Organizations share three common characteristics: (1) Each has a distinct purpose (2) Each is composed of people (3) Each develops some deliberate structure so members can do their word Management is universal - Management is an essential element of every organized activity irrespective of the size or the type of the activity External Business - Refers to the factors/elements outside the organization which may affect, either positively or negatively, the performance of the organization.
