Articles
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Promise
Need
Use ‘a’ and ‘an’ with not a specific object.
Use ‘the’ with a specific object.
The first time you speak of something use ‘a’ or ‘an’, the next
time you repeat that object use ‘the’.
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DO NOT use an article with countries, states, counties or
provinces, lakes and mountains except when the country is a
collection of states such as "The United States".
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Use an article with bodies of water, oceans and seas.
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DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about meals,
places, and transport.
DO NOT use an article when you are speaking about things in
general.
Past Tense Irregular Verbs
Present
Be
Begin
Bring
Buy
Cost
Do
Eat
Fly
Give
Have
Know
Make
Pay
Read
See
Send
Spend
Teach
Think
Past
Was/Were
Began
Brought
Bought
Cost
Did
Ate
Flew
Gave
Had
Knew
Made
Paid
Read
Saw
Sent
Spent
Taught
Thought
Present
Become
Break
Build
Come
Cut
Drink
Find
Get
Go
Keep
Leave
Meet
Put
Say
Sell
Speak
Take
Tell
Past
Became
Broke
Built
Came
Cut
Drank
Found
Got
Went
Kept
Left
Met
Put
Said
Sold
Spoke
Took
Told
Object
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
Them
Possessive
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Its
Ours
Thiers
Possessive adjectives
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Their
Present Simple
Use the present simple to talk about activities or routines which take
place on a regular basis.
Positive: Subject + present conjugation of verb + objects.
Negative: Subject + do not + base form of verb + objects.
Question: WH? + do + subject + base form of verb ?
Expression time: everyday, on …, at the moment, now, always, usually,
sometimes. Days of the weeks followed by 's'.
Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency include: always, usually, often, sometimes,
occasionally, seldom, rarely and never.
* If the sentence has one verb put the adverb in the middle of the
sentence after the subject and before the verb.
* If the sentence has more than one verb (e.g. auxiliary verb), put the
adverb of frequency before the main verb.
* When using adverbs of frequency in the question or negative form, put
the adverb of frequency before the main verb.
Modal Form
Positive: Subject + Modal + Base Form of Verb + Objects.
Negative: Subject + Modal + Not + Base Form of Verb + Objects.
Plural
These
Those
Future with 'Will'
Positive: Subject + will + base form of verb + object(s).
Negative: Subject + will + not + base form of verb + object(s).
Question: Question Word + will + subject + base form of verb?
Future with 'Going to'
Positive: Subject + to be + going to + base form of verb + object(s).
Common Verbs + Gerund e.g. verb + verb + ing
Quit
Suggest
Future
* `Will` used for quick decisions, predictions, scheduled public events and
promises.
Verbs Followed by the Gerund or the Infinitive
Enjoy
Can't stand
Want
* The most common modals are: Can, Should and Must.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Pronoun
Singular
Near
This
Far
That
Go
Mind
Refuse
hope
Question: Modal + Subject + Base Form of Verb + Objects?
Pronouns
Subject
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Plan
Decide
Discuss
Negative: Subject + to be + not + going to + base form of verb +
object(s).
Question: Question Word + to be + subject + going to + base form of
verb?
Expression time: next …, tomorrow, by … and in … time.
Common Verbs + Infinitive e.g. verb + to + verb
* ‘Going to’ used for planned decisions, predicting an action that you see
is about to happen and future intentions.
Countable and Uncountable
* Uncountable name like water and countable name like minute.
* Use “most, much, lots of, a lot of, some, a little and little” with
uncountable nouns.
* Use “many, lots of, a lot of, several, some, not many, only a few and
few” with countable nouns.
* Use a/an only with countable nouns preceded by an adjective(s).
List of some of the most common confused uncountable
Accommodation
Equipment
Knowledge
Pasta
work
Advice
Furniture
Luggage
Progress
Baggage
Garbage
Money
Research
Bread
Information
News
Travel
The past simple is used to express a finished past action which occurs at
a specific moment in the past.
Positive: Subject + past form of verb + object(s) + time.
Negative: Subject + did + not + base form of verb + object(s) + time.
Question: WH? + did + subject + base form of verb + object(s) + time?
Expression time: when, last …, yesterday, ago.
Present Continuous
Use the present continuous to speak about what is happening at the
present moment in time, around the present moment, or for a future
scheduled event.
Positive: Subject + to be + verb + ing + objects.
Negative: Subject + are not + verb + ing + objects.
Question: WH? + do + subject + verb + ing + objects ?
Stative Verbs
Comparative Forms
* Use 'than' to compare between two objects.
* Add '-er' to end of one or ending in '-y' syllable adjectives.
* Place 'more' before two, three or more syllable adjectives.
EXCEPTIONS:
Adjective
Good
Comparative
Better
Adjective
Bad
Comparative
Worse
Stative verbs are verbs which express a state. It can’t be used in the
continuous forms. Action verbs are verbs which express something a
person does.
Believe
Understand
Think
Want
Hope
Smell
Taste
Feel
Sound
Look
Seem
Appear
Any or Some
Superlative Forms
* Place 'the' before one syllable adjective and add '-est' to end of it.
* Place 'the most' before two, three or more syllable adjectives.
* Place 'the' before two syllable adjectives ending in '-y' and remove the
'y' from it and add 'iest'.
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Use “any” or “some” in positive sentences.
EXCEPTIONS:
Adjective
Good
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Use “any” words - anybody, anyone, anywhere and
anything - in negative sentences or questions.
Superlative
The best
Adjective
Bad
Superlative
The worst
Imperative Form
Positive: Base Form of Verb + Objects.
Negative: Do + Not + Base Form of Verb + Objects.
Adverb and Adjective
* Adjectives are placed directly before a noun. Also it used in simple
sentences with the verb 'to be' to describe the subject.
* Adverbs ends in '-ly' (with a few exceptions!). It are often used at the
end of a sentence to modify the verb.
Present Perfect Tense
Positive: Subject + have + past participle + object(s).
Negative: Subject + have + not + past participle + object(s).
Question: WH? + have + subject + past participle?
Expression time:
Use 'for' to indicate a duration or period of time.
Use 'since' to indicate a specific point in time.
Use 'How long' to ask about duration.
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Others: yet, already and just.
Past Simple
Use “any” in negative sentences.
Use “any” or “some” in questions.
Use “some” words - somebody, someone, somewhere
and something - in positive sentences.
In, On, To and At for Places
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Use ‘in’ with spaces, bodies of water and lines.
Use ‘at’ with places.
Use ‘on’ with surfaces, directions and small islands.
Use ‘to’ with movement from one place to another.
But don’t use 'to' with 'home'.
In, At and On for Time
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Use 'in' with months, years and periods of time.
Use 'at' with precise time.
Use 'on' with days of the week or specific calendar days.
Use 'in' with “morning”, “afternoon” or” evening”.
Use 'at' with “night”.
Like
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[Preposition] What's he like?
[Verb] What does he like?
[Preposition] What does she look like?
[Verb] What would you like to drink?