Mr. Cassidy’s
Geography Class
1st Year
Geography
Now its time to take attendance!
• When I call your name if you would like to state which colour you are
feeling in terms of mood 
What are we learning about today?
This class…..
CHAPTER 5
Rocks
Learning intentions:
1. Name three types of rocks
2. Discover different uses of rocks
3. Learn about the different types of
rocks in Ireland
1.
Mineral
2. Rock
3. Inorganic
4. Texture
5. Compressed
What is a Rock?
• Rock is the hard material that forms
the Earths crust.
• All rocks are solid, occur naturally
and are made up of minerals that
have been compressed (crushed).
What is a Rock?
• All rocks are different to one
another.
• We can tell this by their mineral
content, colour, hardness and
texture.
Rocks make up our
landscapes and provide us
with many essential
resources.
Look around the room: How
have rocks been used?
Rocks make up our landscapes and provide us with many essential resources.
Rock Groups:
There are 3 Rock group
1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary
3. Metamorphic
Igneous Rocks
Rock Groups:
• Igneous rocks are formed
from magma found in the
mantle just below the
crust
• The word igneous comes
from the Latin word for
fire: ignis.
Rock Groups:
• Intrusive igneous rock is formed
when magma is forced up into the
crust, becomes trapped and cools
very slowly
In= cooled inside the crust.
Rock Groups:
• Extrusive igneous rocks form after
lava reaches the earth’s surface
and cools very quickly
E= Exit
Cooled outside the crust.
Mr. Cassidy’s
Geography Class
1st Year
Geography
Now its time to take attendance!
• When I call your name if you would like to state which colour you are
feeling in terms of mood 
What are we learning about today?
CHAPTER 5
Rocks
Learning intentions:
1. List two examples of Igneous rock
2. Discover how granite is formed
1.
Igneous
2. Granite
3. Basalt
4. Intrusive
Homework/ Learning Activity
1. What is a rock.
2. List the three groups of rocks.
3. Describe how igneous rock group is formed!
4. What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive?
Igneous Rocks
• 2 examples: Granite and Basalt.
Igneous Rocks: Granite
• Granite is an intrusive rock.
• Formed = molten magma forces
its way into the Earths crust.
Igneous Rocks: Granite
• Cools very slowly over millions of years,
resulting in large crystals forming.
• These crystals include the mineral
quartz
Igneous Rocks: Granite
• Granite is exposed when overlying layers of rocks are worn away
due to weathering and erosion.
• Colour: Pink, Black, Grey, Multicoloured.
Igneous Rocks: Granite
• Worktops, fireplaces, monuments.
• Granite can be found in the Mourne and
Wicklow Mts.
Igneous Rocks: Basalt
Basalt is an extrusive rock.
Igneous Rocks: Basalt
It is formed when lava spreads out
across the Earths surface.
• Lava cools and solidifies very quickly because it is exposed to
air.
• As a result, basalt has tiny crystals that cannot be seen by the
naked eye.
Learning Activity
1. List the three groups of rocks.
2. Describe how granite is formed.
3. Give an two examples of igneous rocks.
Mini-White board
activity
Mr. Cassidy’s
Geography Class
1st Year
Geography
Now its time to take attendance!
• When I call your name if you would like to state which colour you are
feeling in terms of mood 
What are we learning about today?
CHAPTER 5
Rocks
Learning intentions:
1. Recap what granite is.
2. Describe what Basalt is.
3. Identify an example of igneous
rock in Ireland.
1.
Mineral
2. Rock
3. Inorganic
4. Texture
5. Compressed
Igneous Rocks: Basalt
•
•
Basalt (dark, heavy rock).
dark grey to black.
Road chippings
Igneous Rocks: Basalt
•
•
•
Antrim-Derry Plateau.
The Giant’s Causeway is the
most famous part of this
Plateau.
Made up of six-sided
columns of basalt
Igneous Rocks: Basalt
• Formed when lava spread out on the surface of the Earth and cooled
quickly.
• As the lava cooled, it shrank and then cracked to form columns.
Mr. Cassidy’s
Geography Class
1st Year
Geography
Now its time to take attendance!
• When I call your name if you would like to state which colour you are
feeling in terms of mood 
What are we learning about today?
CHAPTER 5
Rocks
Learning intentions:
1. Recap Igneous rock group.
2. Introduction to Sedimentary rock
group.
3. Name an example of Sedimentary
rock.
1.
Sedimentary rock
2. Sandstone
3. Compressed
Igneous Rocks
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrN7jygu4cQ
• Learning Activity: Think back to your work on volcanoes, individually
distinguish between molten magma and lava. Write down your
definition and discuss with your partner for 1 minute.
• Now consider the words intrusive and extrusive. Individually explain
what they mean and give examples. Think of a way to try and
remember which one is which. Share your answers with the class.
Recap: Igneous Rocks
• The word igneous comes from the Latin word for fire: ignis.
• Igneous rocks are formed as a result of volcanic activity.
• Volcanic material cools down and solidifies, either on the earths
surface or underground beneath the earths crust.
• Intrusive rocks are rocks that have formed from volcanic material
that cooled inside the crust.
• Extrusive rocks are rocks that have formed from volcanic material
that cooled on the earths surface.
Key Words: Igneous Rocks
Intrusive
Volcanic
Activity
Granite
Basalt
Extrusive
Sedimentary Rocks
Think-Pair-Share
• What do you already know
about sedimentary rock?
Sedimentary Rock = ¾ of the earths surface
Sandstone + Limestone
Sandstone
Limestone
Sedimentary
Rocks
• Sedimentary rocks are
formed from the remains
(sediments) of other rocks,
plants and animals.
• These sediments are
deposited on the beds of
seas, lakes as well as on
land.
Sedimentary Rock: Sandstone
Formed when large amounts of sand were
worn away from the earths crust.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoZSpkfy6HU
Sedimentary Rock: Sandstone
Sand deposited on beds of lakes or sea floor.
Sandstone
Sedimentary Rock: Sandstone
Compressed and Cemented together.
https://www.blooket.com/set/6191e67be5c87c5e93ab547b
Mr. Cassidy’s
Geography Class
1st Year
Geography
Now its time to take attendance!
• When I call your name if you would like to state which colour you are
feeling in terms of mood 
What are we learning about today?
CHAPTER 5
Rocks
Learning intentions:
1. Recap Sandstone
2. Introduce Limestone
3. Listen to the rock song for the
first time :P
1.
Compressed
2. Limestone
3. Permeable
4. Stratified
Sedimentary
Rocks
• Sedimentary rocks are
formed from the remains
(sediments) of other rocks,
plants and animals.
• These sediments are
deposited on the beds of
seas, lakes as well as on
land.
Sedimentary Rock: Sandstone
• Brown to Red.
• Macgillycuddy Reeks, Co. Kerry.
Sedimentary Rock: Sandstone
• Sandstone is a common building
material.
• Paving or decorative stone on the
outside of buildings.
• It is found in the Macgilycuddy
Reeks, Co. Kerry and in the
Comeragh Mountains, Co.
Waterford.
• As they build up in
layers, they are called
stratified rock.
Draw the next diagram into your copy
Limestone Pavement
Limestone Pavement
Sedimentary Rock:
Limestone
• Limestone is a coarse sedimentary
rock.
• White to grey.
• Formed when fossils (remains of sea
creatures, plants and animals) build
up in layers on the ocean floor.
Sedimentary Rocks:
Limestone
• Pressure from the layers above causes the
particles to cement together and form slowly
into rock.
• The horizontal layers that form limestone are
called strata
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeuYx-AbZdo
Sedimentary Rock:
Limestone
• Limestone is a permeable
rock, which means that it
allows water to pass
through it.
• Monuments, buildings and
is the raw material for
cement.
Limestone
• Found in 31/32
counties in Ireland.
• The Burren in Co.
Clare.
What have we learned
today?
• Can you explain how sedimentary
rocks were formed?
• Can you list any examples of
sedimentary rock?
• How is limestone formed?
• Where in Ireland can we find
limestone?
• What does permeable mean?
Characteristics of Limestone:
1. Limestone is laid down in layers called strata.
2. The horizontal gaps between these layers are called bedding
planes.
3. Vertical cracks, called joints, can occur in limestone.
Characteristics of
Limestone:
4. Permeable = water can
easily pass through it.
5. Fossils in limestone?
Characteristics of Limestone:
6. Limestone is made up of calcium carbonate – this can be dissolved
by rainwater.
https://youtu.be/Hc-7vJz0nuA
Examples of Sedimentary Rock
• Coal, limestone, sandstone and shale are examples of
sedimentary rock.
Rules of the game
• Get a partner
• Write your chosen key word
onto your sticky notes.
• Place on your partners head and
the person holding the sticky
note must try guess which key
word by asking geographical
questions.
Sedimentary Rock: Key Words
Permeable
Bedding
planes
Fossils
Sandstone
Coal
Joints
Limestone
Sedimenta
ry rock
Mr. Cassidy’s
Geography Class
1st Year
Geography
Now its time to take attendance!
• When I call your name if you would like to state which colour you are
feeling in terms of mood 
What are we learning about today?
CHAPTER 5
Rocks
Learning intentions:
1. Recap key words
2. Discover different uses of rocks
3. Introduce Metamorphic rocks
1.
Metamorphic
2. Permeable
Metamorphic Rocks
Recap Learning Activity
1. List the three groups of rocks.
2. What is Irelands most common rock?
3. What does permeable mean?
2 minutes
Mini-White board
activity
End
Metamorphic Rocks
• Metamorphic rocks are formed when igneous or sedimentary
rocks come under great heat (from molten magma) or
pressure (from folding) and change in shape or form.
Examples of Metamorphic Rock
Quartzite
Marble
Slate
• Marble is formed when
limestone is placed under great
heat and pressure
• Quartzite is formed when
sandstone comes under great
heat and pressure. This is
usually during folding, when
sandstone comes in contact with
magma within the crust.
Rocks Videos:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANflWY8VYnM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeuYx-AbZdo
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jP1qbwSGmNs
Metamorphic rock:
Marble
1. Green marble can be found
in Connemara.
2. Red marble can be found in
County Cork.
3. White marble can be found
on Rathlin Island.
Green Marble
Red Marble
White Marble
Metamorphic rock: Quartzite
• Colour: Grey or White
• Uses: surfacing roads and
making glass.
• Found in Croagh Patrick, County
Mayo.
FINISH NOTES FOR HOMEWORK
Quartzite
5.5 Human Interaction with Rocks
3
Shaft mining
Quarrying
Drilling
2
1
1
Drilling is the process of boring down into the earth’s crust to extract oil or gas. This
can happen on land or out at sea. Oil and gas are used as fuel sources in cars, homes
and industry.
5.5 Human Interaction with Rocks
3
Shaft mining
Quarrying
Drilling
2
1
2
Quarrying is the process of removing rock, sand, gravel or minerals from the ground.
Quarrying happens at or near the surface of the earth. The materials extracted are
used by the construction industry to build roads and buildings.
5.5 Human Interaction with Rocks
3
Shaft mining
Quarrying
Drilling
2
1
3
Shaft mining is the process of drilling vertically into the earth to gain access to
minerals beneath the surface. Coal, lead and zinc can be accessed in this way and
brought to the surface.
5.6 Social Consequences of Quarrying
Case Study: Carrigtwohill Quarry
Social impact
Economic impact
Dust would create air pollution
Create employment for locals
Noise and heavy truck traffic
Produce stone and gravel needed for
the building industry
Permanent scar on rural landscape
The Rock Cycle
Cyclone Book
https://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=7CnjoC
u1154&t=21s
Homework
Make
notes on
the rock
cycle
Rocks
Group
How they were formed
Example
1. Igneous
Igneous rocks form when hot magma
cools down and solidifies. This can happen
above the ground or underground.
Granite
Basalt
2. Sedimentary
Sedimentary rocks form when the remains of
other rocks, plants and animals are compressed
and cemented together.
Limestone
Sandstone
Coal
Shale
3. Metamorphic
Metamorphic rocks form when igneous or
sedimentary rocks change because of high
heat or pressure.
Marble
Quartzite
Slate
Learning Activity
Write down everything you can remember about Igneous
Rock?
2 minutes
Mini-White board
activity
End
Rocks
Group
How they were formed
Example
1. Igneous
Igneous rocks form when hot magma
cools down and solidifies. This can happen
above the ground or underground.
Granite
Basalt
2. Sedimentary
Sedimentary rocks form when the remains of
other rocks, plants and animals are compressed
and cemented together.
Limestone
Sandstone
Coal
Shale
3. Metamorphic
Metamorphic rocks form when igneous or
sedimentary rocks change because of high
heat or pressure.
Marble
Quartzite
Slate
Learning Activity
Write down everything you can remember about Sedimentary
Rock?
2 minutes
Mini-White board
activity
End
For a video on gold mines,
watch the YouTube video:
‘World’s Deepest Mine –
Gold Alchemy’
A piece of
gold
Video: Social Consequences of Quarrying
So Long Sally
I Go back Monday Morning
Quietly
Sedimentary-LimestoneSandstone
Igneous- Granite-Basalt
Homework: Design a
poster using this
memory tool Poster 
Metamorphic-Marble,
Quartzite