Learning Module in
PRINCIPLES OF
TOURISM 1
MODULE 1
THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM
AND
THE HISTORY OF TOURISM
MARK ALVIN R. MALAYA
AUGUST 2020
II. MODULE OVERVIEW
Chapters 1 and 2 will provide a general understanding to the overview of tourism on its
meaning and importance. It also includes the history, evolution and development of Tourism.
III. CONTENT OF THE LESSON
The Meaning and Importance of Tourism
- Definition of Tourism
- Meaning of Tourist
- Nature of a tour
- The tourist Product
- The Tourist Destination
- Characteristics of Tourism
- Importance of Tourism
IV. CHAPTER 1: The Meaning and Importance of Tourism
A. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. To define tourism and forms of tourism
2. To differentiate tourists from excursionists
3. To understand the various elements of travel
4. To explain the nature of a tour
5. To compare tourism with other industries
6. To appreciate the importance of tourism
B. INSTRUCTIONS
The course’s learning goals and objectives for each chapter are stated at the beginning of
each module. The lecture notes, quizzes, class exercises, and assignments assess your attainment
of those learning objectives.
For the Parents/ Guardian
This module aims to assist you, dear parents, guardians or siblings of the
learners, to understand how the materials and activities are used in the new normal. It
designed to provide the information, activities, and new learning that learners need to
work on.
Further, this learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances. Be reminded that learners have to answer all the
activities in their own pace.
MARK ALVIN R. MALAYA
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For the Learners
This module is designed to suit your needs and interests. This will help you attain
the knowledge, skills, attitude at your own pace outside the normal classroom setting.
The module is composed of different types of activities that are expected to answer
on separate sheets of paper and submit on the time and date agreed upon.
C. INTRODUCTION
This module will introduce the different terminologies, concepts and ideas pertaining to
tourism. It discusses the fundamental principles of tourism and provides a framework that effectively
integrates theory and practice.
PRE-ASSESSMENT/ DIAGNOSTIC TEST
General Directions: Each question in the first section is a multiple-choice question. Read each
question and answer carefully and choose the ONE best answer.
1. The temporary short-term movement of people (less than a year) to destinations outside the
places where they normally live and work, as well as their activities during their stay at these
destinations
A. travel
B. employment
C. tour guiding
D. tourism
2. Is a person who travels to destinations outside his/her residence and working place, and stays for
at least 24 hours, for the purpose of leisure or business.
A. Excursionist
B. Tourist
C. Independent travel
D. Backpackers
3. A Hong Kong resident goes to Macau to visit his friends and relatives for 1 week
A. Inbound
B. Outbound C. Domestic D. Tourist
E. Excursionist
4. When Malaysian tourist arrive in the Philippines for a business meeting.
A. Inbound
B. Outbound C. Domestic D. Tourist
E. Excursionist
5. A French businessman from France coming to Philippines for a month trying to obtain new orders
for table wine.
A. Inbound
B. Outbound C. Domestic D. Tourist
E. Excursionist
6. Temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination visited and not making an
overnight stay.
A. Tourists
B. Visitor
C. Excursionists
7. Refers to travel of people from another country or place who received by a host country.
A. Domestic Tourism B. Inbound Tourism
C. International Tourism
8. Travellers under this form usually go to remote and exotic destinations.
A. Heritage Tourism B. Adventure Tourism
C. Ecotourism
9. A geographical unit which the tourist visits and where he stays.
A. Amenities or facilities
B. Tourist Destination
C. Attractions
10. It is a combination of what the tourist does at a destination and what services he used during his
stay
A. product
B. amenities
C. accessibilities
D. attraction E. facility
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MARK ALVIN R. MALAYA
Let’s Begin….
OVERVIEW OF TOURISM
The concepts of travel and tourism are very closely linked, and both the travel industry and
the tourism industry have significant overlap. However, there are also differences between the two
terms and the two industries. To better understand what travel and tourism industry is, it is best to
understand first the terms often used in the business.
Tourism is generally regarded as the act of travelling to a different location, for either
business or pleasure purposes. However, it actually has quite a specific definition: the act of
travelling to another environment, for at least 24 hours, but for no longer than one year, for
purposes related to business or leisure.
Tourism – “Is the temporary short – term movement of people to destinations outside the places
where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay at these
destinations. “-Tourism Society in Britain
Visitor – “any person visiting a country other than that of earning money. “ 1963, United Nations
Conference on International Travel and Tourism.
Do it…
ACTIVITY #1
Is it Tourist or Excursionist? Inbound or Outbound Tourism ?
1 .A Canadian resident takes a short trip to the USA without staying
overnight.
2. A Hongkong resident goes to Macau to visit his friends and relatives
for 1 week.
3. A Malaysian resident takes a trip to Singapore without staying
overnight.
4. A French businessman from France coming to Philippines for a month
trying to obtain new orders for table wine.
5. A wealthy Filipino young lady on a month long trip to visit relatives in
England.
( Two classes of visitors )
1. Tourists: Temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours, whose purpose as
a. Leisure such as recreation, health, holiday, study, sport
b. Business
c. family
d. mission
e. meeting
2. Excursionists: Temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination visited and not
making an overnight stay.
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THE NATURE OF A TOUR
To analyse the nature of tour systematically, it will be helpful to understand the difference
between domestic and international tourism.
Domestic Tourism – refers to travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries of the
traveller’s country.
- No language, currency or documentation barriers.
International Tourism - involves the movement of people across international boundaries.
- It is more difficult to travel outside one’s own country because of language barrier, different
currency and documentation requirements needed such as Visas, Passport and other
conditions.
Do it…
ACTIVITY #2
SCENARIO:
The Ayanos are a Filipino couple who are in Malaysia on a two-week
tour. They’ve spent some more time in Sabah and now they’re in
Malacca, touring around and seeing the historical sights and beaches.
They like to stay in comfortable hotels. In a couple of days they will
travel to Kuala Lumpur to catch their return flight home to Philippines.
Question:
Identify the type of tourism, if it’s an International tourism, write also
the type of IT and decide what it is specifically about people like the
Ayanos that make us think of them as tourists.
Other Forms
a. Adventure Tourism – travellers under this form usually go to remote and exotic destinations.
b. Culinary Tourism – It is a form of tourism where tourists travel to different destinations that
offer a gastronomically experience.
c. Dark Tourism – a tourist that goes to areas that were once sites of events involving death,
suffering and grief.
d. Ecotourism – also called ecological tourism. It is a form of tourism that advocates or
promotes the protection and preservation of natural resources.
e. Heritage Tourism – is also known as cultural heritage tourism, it pursues the appreciation of
the different attributes of society shaped by a country’s traditions, history, art, architecture,
beliefs and customs.
f. LGBT Tourism – known as gay tourism and pink market. They engage activities like gay
pride marches and parades, gay festivals and same-sex marriages.
g. Medical Tourism – also health tourism, a tourist travel from one country to another to seek
healing or relief from health conditions. Availed on cardiac, dental and cosmetics surgeries
to remedy their physical ailments.
h. Sex Tourism – people who travel to seek pleasure and sexual experiences.
i. Educational Tourism – the objective is not for leisure but also to enhance their knowledge
and to learn.
j. Festival Tourism – Tourists go to areas which hold colourful fiestas or spectacular festivals.
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Tour operator is usually obtaining packages in a lower price because they are buying them
in bulk. He then sells the tours individually to tours to tourists or travel agents.
While both tour operators and travel agents are involved in providing a tourist with relaxing
and wonderful vacations, there are differences in roles and functions between the two.
A travel agent is like a waiter at a restaurant as he welcomes the guests and takes orders
that are prepared by the tour operator.
Package tour – also called inclusive tour is an arrangement in which transport and accommodation
is bought by the tourist at an all-inclusive price.
Tourist purchasing package tours may do so on the basis of either individual or group travel.
Independent Inclusive Tour (IIT) – is one in which the tourist travels to his destination individually
Group Inclusive Tour – he travels in the company of other tourists.
Independent tour – is an arrangement in which the tourist buys these facilities separately, either
making reservations in advance through a travel agent or en route during his tour.
The Tourist Product
- consists of what the tourist buys.
Characteristics
1. It is a service.
- intangible item, cannot be inspected, high degree of trust
2. It is psychological in its attraction.
- more than a collection services, intangible benefits
3. It tends to vary in standards over time.
- a tour cannot be of equal standard
4. Supply of product is fixed.
- cannot be varied to meet the changing demands of tourists.
ACTIVITY #3
Directions: Identify the pictures according to characteristics of a tourist product.
Do it…
1.__________________________
3. _____________________
2. __________________________
4. ____________________
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The Tourist Destination
- is a geographical unit which the tourist visits and where he stays.
3 A’s THAT DETERMINES THE SUCCESS OF A TOURIST DESTINATION
1. Attractions – may be site and event attraction. Maybe also be natural or man-made.
Site attractions – in which one has an appeal
e.g. may be a country, a geographical region, a city, a resort.
Event Attractions – is one in which tourists are drawn to the destination because of what is taking
place.
e.g. congresses, exhibitions, festivals, and sports events
Natural Attractions – include mountains, beaches, and climatic features.
Man- made Attractions – include buildings of historical or architectural interests such as Fort
Santiago, holiday camps, theme parks
2. Amenities or facilities – include accommodation food local transport and communications and
entertainment at the site.
3. Accessibility – having regular and convenience of transport in terms of time / distance to the
destination at a reasonable price.
Characteristics of Tourism
1. Products are not brought to the consumer.
- rather the consumer has to travel and go to the product to purchase it.
2. Products of tourism are not used up.
- they do not exhaust the country's natural resources.
3. Tourism is Labor-Intensive.
- It requires more manpower than other industries.
4. Tourism is people-oriented.
- It is primarily concerned with people.
5. Tourism is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.
- It is dependent on many and varied activities, which are separate but interdependent.
6. Tourist Industry is seasonal.
- it usually depends on seasons.
7. The industry is dynamic.
- it is characterized by the changing ideas and attitudes of its customers.
Importance of Tourism
1. Contribution to the balance of payments.
2. Dispersion of development.
3. Effect on general economic development.
4. Employment opportunities.
5. Social benefits.
6. Cultural enrichment.
7. Educational significance
8. A Vital force for peace
MARK ALVIN R. MALAYA
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CHAPTER/SUMMATIVE TEST
"Honesty is the best policy"- this is the proverb that we often get to hear and should be applied in
every phase of life. An individual's life starts from his school days and his honesty is tested during
the test/examination days
Directions: Summative Assessment is to evaluate what a student has learned, the skill that the
student has developed and achieved at the end of the course. Keep on being honest not to read the
previous page of this module while answering the questions below and better to read each item
carefully.
I. Identification.
____________1. The temporary short-term movement of people (less than a year) to destinations
outside the places where they normally live and work, as well as their activities during their stay at
these destinations.
____________2. Any person visiting a country other than that of earning money.
____________3. Temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours, whose purpose as leisure such as
recreation, health, holiday, study, sport.
____________4. It involves the movement of people across international boundaries.
____________5. It is a form of tourism where tourists travel to different destinations that offer a
gastronomically experience.
____________6. A tourist that goes to areas that were once sites of events involving death,
suffering and grief.
____________7. Form of tourism where people who travel to seek pleasure and sexual
experiences.
____________8. He then sells the tours individually to tours to tourists or travel agents
____________9. It also called inclusive tour is an arrangement in which transport and
accommodation is bought by the tourist at an all-inclusive price.
____________10. It consists of what the tourist buys.
II. Write if it the word/s tells (Site, Event, Natural or Man- made Attractions)
____________11. May be a country, a geographical region, a city, a resort
____________12. Includes mountains, beaches, and climatic features.
____________13. Includes buildings of historical or architectural interests
____________14. Includes accommodation, food, local transport, communications, and
entertainment at the site
____________15. One in which tourists are drawn to the destination because of what is taking
place.
III. Directions: Explain each question, before you begin writing, read the passage carefully and plan
what you will say. Your essay should be as well organized and as carefully written as you can make
it.
a. Tourism can help correct the balance of payments deficit of many countries by earning the muchneeded foreign currency in international trade. Explain and give example of tourism activity which
contributes to the balance of payments to government. (5pts)
b. Tourism is vital force for peace.(5pts)
MARK ALVIN R. MALAYA
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Instructions: Make a research on the different characteristics of tourist product. Give at least three
examples and explain how it characterize based on factor given.
Note: Please submit your output via email or in the Google classroom assigned by your instructor in
PDF or Word Format. Use Arial 11 and single spacing. Do it in simple and precise answer.
TASK TO DO..
REFLECTION:
I understand that tourism is important
because________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
I realized that in able to be successful tourist destination there is a basic factors that has to be
achieved________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
MARK ALVIN R. MALAYA
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CONTENT OF THE LESSON
II. The History of Tourism
- Early Tourism
- Tourism in the medieval period
- During Renaissance and Elizabeth Eras
- During Industrial revolution
- Modern Tourism
- Origin of Tourism in the Philippines
- Factors that favor the growth of tourism
CHAPTER 2: The History of Tourism
A. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. To explain the historical changes, which have affected the growth and development of the
tourism industry.
2. To gain an overview of the origin of tourism in the Philippines.
3. To identify the factors that favor the growth of tourism.
INTRODUCTION
This module will introduce the historical changes, which have affected the growth and
development of the tourism industry. It also gives the overview of the origin of tourism in the
Philippines setting.
MARK ALVIN R. MALAYA
9
PRE-ASSESSMENT/ DIAGNOSTIC TEST
General Directions: Each question in the first section is a multiple-choice question. Read each
question and answer carefully and choose the ONE best answer.
1. The invention of money, writing and wheel facilitated travel and exchange of goods
A. by the Sumerians
B. Phoenicians
C. Greeks and Romans
2. The early toured the Mediterranean as traders
A. by the Sumerians
B. Phoenicians
C. Greeks and Romans
3. Were well-known traders and as their respective empires increased, travel became necessary.
A. by the Sumerians
B. Phoenicians
C. Greeks and Romans
4. Era, where the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, roads were not maintained and
they became unsafe.
A. During the Renaissance and Elizabethan Eras B. Medieval Period C. Industrial
5. Era, No one during this time travelled for pleasure due to: political instability, lack of extensive
trade and commerce and robbers who preyed on travellers.
A. During the Renaissance and Elizabethan Eras B. Medieval Period C. Industrial
6. Grand Tour in which scholars from both the middle and upper classes seeking positions in court
were encouraged on a 3-year exploration to widen their education.
A. During the Renaissance and Elizabethan Eras B. Medieval Period C. Industrial
7. The creation of a large and prosperous middle class, improvements in transportation, the need of
the working class to find relief from their work, and the desire for relaxation and adventure.
A. During the Renaissance and Elizabethan Eras B. Medieval Period C. Industrial
8. Tourism is derived from the Hebrew word means studying, learning and searching.
A. Travail
B. Torah
C. espa
9. Travel Organizer and Father of Tourism
A. Thomas Cook
B. Karl Baedeker
C. Henry Wells
10. A travel which became popular in 16th century, young men seeking positions in court were
encouraged to travel to the continent.
A. Pilgrimage to Canterbury B. Olympic Games C. Grand Tour
REFERENCES:
Online :
https://www.slideshare.net/JohnEdwardEstayo/principles-of-tourism-1
https://www.slideshare.net/tofujay/tsm-tourism-101-session1
https://www.academia.edu/31517465/PRINCIPLES_OF_TOURISM_The_meaning_and_importanc
e_of_tourism_DEFINITION_OF_TOURISM
MARK ALVIN R. MALAYA
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Let’s Begin….
CHAPTER 2
HISTORY OF TOURISM
Early History
- Travel and Exploration are basic to human nature. Man has traveled
since the earliest times although the term tourism was used only in the
early 19th century.
- Tourism derived from the Hebrew word torah which means studying,
learning, searching.
- Tourism can trace its ancestry in the Old Testament. Noah with his
ARK must have been the first large – scale operator even his
passengers were mostly animals.
- Chapter 26 and 27 of the book of Ezekiel describe trade and
commerce in ancient Tyre and recount the travels abroad made by
merchants.
Early tourism has two forms : Travel for business such as trading
and religious travel
Travel for business was mainly trading with other
countries or tribes.
The invention of money, writing and wheel by the
Sumerians facilitated travel and exchange of goods.
Religious travel took the form of pilgrimages to places of worship.
Pilgrimages were made to fulfill a vow as in case of illness or of great danger or as penance
for sins.
Tourism in the medieval period
During the medieval, travel declined. Travel, derived from the
word travail, became burdensome, dangerous and demanding.
No one during this time traveled for pleasure due to: political
instability, lack of extensive trade and commerce and robbers
who preyed on travelers.
Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones who traveled.
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MARK ALVIN R. MALAYA
Tourism during Renaissance and Elizabeth Eras
-Introduction of travel for education
-Grand Tour traveling in the continent for three years to
widen their education
-Appeal on social – Pleasure – seeking young men of
leisure travelled through france and Italy to enjoy the
cultures and social life of Europe.
-Introduction of “spas “or medicinal baths. it derived from
the Walloon word “ espa “ meaning fountain.
Tourism during Industrial Revolution
-Desirable form recreational activity. The increase in productivity, regular
employment, growing urbanization gave more people the motivation and
opportunity to go on holiday.
-To escape from their responsibilities and crowded city environment, they
traveled the countryside or seashore for holidays.
-Creation of working class resorts near major industrial centers.
The sun, sand and sea resorts
-The sea water became associated with health benefits. The earliest visitors, therefore,
drank it and did not bathe in it.
-By the early eighteenth century, small fishing resorts sprung up in England for visitors
who drank and immersed themselves in sea water.
-With the overcrowding of inland spas, the new seaside resorts grew in popularity.
-The introduction of steamboat services in the 19th century introduced more resorts in
the circuit. -The seaside resort gradually became a social meeting point
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Modern Tourism
-In 19th century two technological developments had a great effect on the growth of tourism.
-The introduction of the railway and the development of steam power.
-Thomas Cook, first and famous travel organizer. His first excursion trip was between Leicester
and Loughborough in 1841 with 570 passengers at a round trip fare.
-1866, organized first American tour.
-1874 he introduced “circular notes “ or the first travelers checks.
-Photography and books became popular.
-Baedeker , leading guide book for European countries
-After World War 1 , introduction of motor car.
-World War 2 , progress of aircraft technology , introduction of Boeing 707 jets 1958, the age of
air travel.
Do it..
ACTIVITY #4
Fill in the historical timeline of the tourism industry
MARK ALVIN R. MALAYA
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Origin of Tourism in the Philippines
-
Began when the original inhabitants of the country in search for food.
The discovery of the Philippines by Ferdinand Magellan, when galleons or wooden boats
sailed between Mexico and the Philippines during the galleon trade.
Before World War II, there were no statistical data available; hence, it was difficult to
determine tourist activities.
Americans were able to reach Manila on board the Pan American Airways
1920 the steamship and airline pioneers, the China Clipper and Manila Clipper brought
some passengers to MNL – HGK
Provide inland tours using private cars and “ colorum “
1947 steamships and airlines began to service the Philippines.
1952, the first tourism association in the Philippines ( PTTA )
Philippine tourist and travel association was organized to put together all existing
travel establishments serving both domestic and international travelers. PTTA was
funded by the government to promote the country’s tourism industry
BTTI, Board of travel and tourist industry to regulate, supervise and control the tourist
industry and to subsidize the PTTA as its promotional arm.
“A bargain destination “ to foreign visitors, a temporary tourist boom existed in the
early 70’s.
In 2012, the Philippines recorded 4.27 million tourist arrivals, after the Department of
Tourism launched a widely publicized tourism marketing campaign titled "It's More Fun
In the Philippines"
Factors that favor the growth of tourism
1. Rising disposable income for large sections of the population
- more money means more travel
2. Growth in the number of retired persons who have the desire and the energy to travel
3. Increase in discretionary time
- Flextime programs, holidays
4. Greater mobility of the population – desire to escape from the stress and pressure of modern life
5. Growth in the number of “singles.” -People living alone have more free time than couples; hence,
they want to socialize through travel.
6. Greater credit availability through credit cards and bank loans-Travel now, pay later” stimulates
travel.
7. Higher educational levels –some tend to become more interested in foreign cultures. Since
millions of students attend colleges and universities, they tend to become more interested in foreign
countries.
8. The growth of cities – migration of people from the rural zones to urban centers resulting in the
growth of urbanization
MARK ALVIN R. MALAYA
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9. Simplification of travel through the package tour. Tour packages---everything is planned,
arranged.
10. Growth of multinational business. Worldwide business interests increase both the need and
habit of travel.
11. Modern transportation technology. Technological advances in transportation have made longdistance travel faster, less expensive and more comfortable.
12. Advances in communication – tv and movies enlarge the travel perspective
13. Smaller families and changing roles. American and European birthrates have declined, giving
the adults more free time to get away from family responsibilities. Sexual equality and shifts in
household roles encourage travel.
ACTIVITY #5
Trace the tourism industry in
the Philippines. Use the
historical timeline.
Do it..
TASK
TO DO..
REFLECTION:
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on tourism industry due to the
resulting travel restrictions as well as slump in demand among travellers. The tourism industry has
been massively affected by the spread of coronavirus, as many countries have introduced travel
restrictions in an attempt to contain its spread. Being a tourism student, in your own understanding
and personal views, is there a significant influence that change the historical development in
Tourism Industry international and local? Why? Discuss fatherly.
15
CHAPTER/SUMMATIVE TEST
"Honesty is the best policy"- this is the proverb that we often get to hear and should be applied in
every phase of life. An individual's life starts from his school days and his honesty is tested during
the test/examination days
Directions: Summative Assessment is to evaluate what a student has learned, the skill that the
student has developed and achieved at the end of the course. Keep on being honest not to read the
previous page of this module while answering the questions below and better to read each item
carefully.
I. Identification.
____________1.The invention of money, writing and wheel facilitated travel and exchange of
goods.
____________2. Describe trade and commerce in ancient Tyre and recount the travels abroad
made by merchants.
____________3. Which means studying, learning, searching.
____________4. Were the only ones who travelled during medieval period.
____________5. Traveling in the continent for three years to widen their education.
____________6. It derived from the Walloon word meaning fountain.
____________7. First and famous travel organizer
____________8. Era, where the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, roads were not
maintained and they became unsafe.
____________9. Era, No one during this time traveled for pleasure due to: political instability, lack
of extensive trade and commerce and robbers who preyed on travelers.
____________10. Era, The creation of a large and prosperous middle class, improvements in
transportation, the need of the working class to find relief from their work, and the desire for
relaxation and adventure.
____________11. The first traveller’s checks
____________12. Leading guide book for European countries
____________13. First tourism association in the Philippines
____________14. Department of Tourism launched a widely publicized tourism marketing
campaign
____________15. Philippines to foreign visitors, a temporary tourist boom existed in the early 70’s.
II. Directions: Explain each question, before you begin writing, read the passage carefully and plan
what you will say. Your essay should be as well organized and as carefully written as you can make
it.
a. Describe early tourism
b. Explain the Grand Tour
c. How did “spas” contribute to the growth of the tourism industry?
d. Trace the development of tourism in the Philippines.
e. Explain the factors which fostered the growth of tourism
REFERENCES:
Books
Cruz, Zenaida L. Principles of Tourism, Rex Bookstore
Santos, Buen, Principles of Tourism, C&E Publishing, Inc
MARK ALVIN R. MALAYA
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