TESTTASKSFORMI CROBI OLOGY SECTI ON1" MORPHOLOGYANDPHYSI OLOGYOFMI CROORGANI SMS" Fr om t he5suggest edanswer s, chooseoneoft hemostcor r ectanswer s. 1. 1.Mor phol ogi calpr oper t i esofbact er i aar e: a)t hesi ze, shapeandl ocat i onofbact er i al cel l s; b)t heabi l i t yt obr eakdownpr ot ei ns; c)t heabi l i t yt of er mentsugar s; d)t henat ur eofgr owt honnut r i entmedi a; e)t her el at i ont ody es. 1. 2.Ti nct or i alpr oper t i esofbact er i aar e: a)t her el at i ont ody es; b)t heabi l i t yt obr eakdownpr ot ei ns; c)si ze, shapeandl ocat i onofbact er i al cel l s; d)t heabi l i t yt of er mentsugar s; e)t henat ur eofgr owt honnut r i entmedi a. 1. 3.Tost udyt hemor phol ogi calpr oper t i esofmi cr oor gani sms, t hef ol l owi ngar eused: a)mi cr oscopi cmet hods; b)ser ol ogi cal met hods; c)mi cr obi ol ogi cal met hods; d)bi ol ogi cal t est ; e)ski nal l er gi ct est . 1. 4.Pr okar y ot esdonothav e: a)t henucl eus; b)cy t opl asm; c)anucl eoi d; d)r i bosomes; e)t hecy t opl asmi cmembr ane. 1. 5.Fort het r ansf erofadv er seenv i r onment alcondi t i onsi nbact er i ai s: a)di sput e; b)cy st ; c)azy got e; d)Lf or m; e)gamet e. 1. 6.Di f f er encesi nt hest r uct ur eoft hebact er i alcel lwal lr ev eal : a)t heGr am met hod; b)t heNei ssermet hod; c)t heTsi l y Ni el senmet hod; d)t heBur r i eHi nsmet hod; e)Ozheshko' smet hod. 1. 7.Fungioft hegenusCandi dacausedi seases: a)Candi di asi s; b)r i cket t si osi s; c)chl amy di a; d)act i nomy cosi s; e)l ei shmani asi s. 1. 8.Thecomposi t i onoft hecel lwal landGr amnegat i v eandGr amposi t i v ebact er i ai ncl ude: a)pept i dogl y can; b)t ei choi caci ds; c)DNA; d)RNA; e)l i pi dA. 1. 9.Ther ear enocel l ul arst r uct ur es: a)v i r uses; b)seaweed; c)mushr ooms; d)Pr ot ozoa; e)bact er i a. 1. 10.Vi r usesmul t i pl y : a)i nsi det hehostcel l byr epr oduct i on; b)byt hef or mat i onofspor es; c)out si det hehostcel l ; d)bybuddi ng; e)byconj ugat i on. 1. 11.Thet her apeut i candpr ophy l act i cdr ugbact er i ophagei s: a)st aphy l l ophagus; b)t et r acy cl i ne; c)i mmunogl obul i n; d)gonov acci ne; e)di agnost i cs. 1. 12.Thecul t ur alpr oper t i esofbact er i aar ecal l ed: a)t henat ur eofgr owt honnut r i entmedi a; b)t her el at i ont ov ar i ousdy es; c)t heabi l i t yofapur ecul t ur et obr eakdowncar bohy dr at es; d)t heabi l i t yofapur ecul t ur et obr eakdownpr ot ei ns; e)t heshapeandsi zeoft hecel l s. 1. 13.Thesel ect i v eenv i r onmentf ort hecul t i v at i onofanaer obesi s: a)t hemedi um ofKi t t aTar ozzi ; b)t hemedi um ofKessl er ; c)t hemedi um ofRu; d)t hemedi um ofLev i n; e)t hemedi um ofSabur o. 1. 14.Theenzy meofbact er i at hatdest r oy sant i bi ot i csi s: a)Peni ci l l i nase; b)hy al ur oni dase; c)deoxy r i bonucl ease; d)f i br i nol y si n; e)pl asmocoagul ase. 1. 15.Sacchar ol y t i cpr oper t i esofbact er i aar ecal l ed: a)t heabi l i t yofapur ecul t ur et obr eakdownsugar s; b)t her el at i ont ov ar i ousdy es; c)t henat ur eofgr owt honnut r i entmedi a; d)t heabi l i t yofapur ecul t ur et obr eakdownpr ot ei ns; e)t heshapeandsi zeoft hecel l s. 1. 16.Si mpl e( basi c)nut r i entmedi aar eused: a)f ort hecul t i v at i onofmostmi cr oor gani sms; b)f ort hecul t i v at i onofcer t ai nt y pesofbact er i a; c)t odet er mi net hepr esenceofcat al asei nbact er i a; d)f orst udy i ngt hesugarcont entofbact er i a; e)t ost udyt heant i geni cst r uct ur eofbact er i a. 1. 17.Bi ochemi calpr oper t i esofbact er i aar e: a)t heabi l i t yt of er mentcer t ai nsubst ances; b)t henat ur eofgr owt honl i qui dnut r i entmedi a; c)t her el at i ont ov ar i ousdy es; d)t henat ur eofgr owt hondensenut r i entmedi a; e)t heshapeandsi zeoft hecel l s. 1. 18.Thecol onyi s: a)macr oscopi caccumul at i ononadensemedi um ofmi cr obesoft hesamespeci es, whi char et he of f spr i ngofasi ngl ecel l ; b)mi cr obi al cul t ur e, i sol at edf r om acer t ai nsour ceatacer t ai nt i me; c)ami cr obi al cul t ur econsi st i ngofgenet i cal l yi dent i cal cel l s; d)macr oscopi caccumul at i onofmi cr obesofdi f f er entspeci es; e)mi cr obi al cul t ur e, i ncl udi ngsev er al t y pesofmi cr obes. 1. 19.I sol at i onofapur ecul t ur eofaer obi cbact er i ai scar r i edouti nt hef ol l owi ngsequence: a)sowi ngonadensemedi um t oobt ai nani sol at edcol ony , byr epl aci ngt hecol oni eswi t hsl opi ng agar , i dent i f y i ngt hepur ecul t ur ebyasetofchar act er i st i cs; b)sowi ngonadensemedi um t oobt ai nani sol at edcol ony ,i dent i f y i ngapur ecul t ur ebyasetof t r ai t s, r ecol oni zi ngt hesl opi ngagar ; c)r eset t l i ngani sol at edcol onyonsl opi ngagar , sowi ngonadensemedi um t oobt ai nani sol at ed col ony , i dent i f y i ngapur ecul t ur eaccor di ngt oasetofchar act er i st i cs; d)sowi ngonadensemedi um t oobt ai nani sol at edcol ony , byr epl aci ngt hecol oni eswi t hsl opi ng agar , i dent i f y i ngt hepur ecul t ur eonl ybymor phol ogi cal f eat ur es; e)sowi ngonadensemedi um t oobt ai nani sol at edcol ony , byr epl aci ngt hecol oni eswi t hsl opi ng agar , i dent i f y i ngt hepur ecul t ur eonl ybybi ochemi cal char act er i st i cs. 1. 20.Toi dent i f yapur ecul t ur eofbact er i a, st udy : a)acompl exofmor phol ogi cal , t i nct or i al , cul t ur al , bi ochemi cal andot herpr oper t i es; b)onl ybi ochemi cal pr oper t i es; c)onl yt i nct or i al pr oper t i es; d)onl ycul t ur al pr oper t i es; e)onl ymor phol ogi cal pr oper t i es. 1. 21.Theobl i gat or yst r uct ur eofabact er i alcel li s: a)cel l wal l ; b)capsul e; c)t hedi sput e; d)pl asmi ds; e)i ncl usi on. 1.22.Theopt i onalst r uct ur eofabact er i al cel li s: a)capsul e; b)MSC; c)r i bosomes; d)mesosomes; e)nucl eoi d. 1. 23.Nucl eoi dbact er i aper f or mst hef unct i on: a)st or ageandt r ansf erofher edi t ar yi nf or mat i on; b)pr ot ei nbi osy nt hesi s; c)aer obi cr espi r at i on; d)t r anspor tofsubst ancest hr ought hemembr ane; e)st or ageofnut r i ent s. 1. 24.Forpr ot ect i onagai nstphagocy t osi si npat hogeni cbact er i a, t hef ol l owi ngi sused: a)capsul e; b)cy st ; c)azy got e; d)Lf or m; e)gamet e. 1. 25.Thecr i mpedshapeoft hecel lhas: a)pal et r eponema; b)ant hr axbaci l l us; c)E.col i ; d)St aphy l ococcusaur eus; e)di pht her i abaci l l us. 1. 26.Cocci , l ocat edi nt hesmearcl ust er s, r esembl i ngbunchesofgr apes, ar ecal l ed: a)St aphy l ococci ; b)st r ept ococci ; c)wi t hdi pl ococci ; d)bymi cr ococci ; e)t et r acy cl i nes. 1. 27.Monot r i chsar ebact er i a: a)hav i ngonef l agel l a; b)hav i ngmanyf l agel l aont heent i r esur f aceoft hecel l ; c)hav i ngt wof l agel l aatdi f f er entpol esoft hecel l ; d)hav i ngabundl eoff l agel l aatonepol e; e)wi t houtf l agel l a. 1. 28.Forcol or i ngspor es, bact er i aar eused: a)Ozheshko' smet hod; b)t heNei ssermet hod; c)t heTsi l y Ni el senmet hod; d)t heBur r i eHi nsmet hod; e)Gr am' smet hod. 1. 29.Toi dent i f yt hecapsul ei nbact er i aused: a)t heBur r i eHi nsmet hod; b)t hemet hodofsi l v er i ngbyMor ozov ; c)t heTsi l y Ni el senmet hod; d)Gr am' smet hod; e)Ozheshko' smet hod. 1. 30.Thecocci f or mf or m has: a)St aphy l ococcusaur eus; b)ant hr axbaci l l us; c)chol er av i br i o; d)E.col i ; e)di pht her i abaci l l us. 1. 31.Themechani sm ofact i onofbact er i ophagepr epar at i onsi sbasedon: a)l y si sofbact er i al cel l s; b)v i ol at i onoft hesy nt hesi soft hebact er i al cel l wal l ; c)v i ol at i onoft het r anspor tofsubst ancest hr ought hecel l wal l ; d)i nhi bi t i onofbact er i al gr owt h; e)bact er i ost at i cact i on. 1. 32.El ect i v e( sel ect i v e)nut r i entmedi aar eused: a)f ort hecul t i v at i onofcer t ai nt y pesofbact er i a; b)f orgr owi ngmostmi cr oor gani sms; c)t ost udyt hebi ochemi cal pr oper t i esofbact er i a; d)f orst udy i ngt hesugarcont entofbact er i a; e)t ost udyt heant i geni cst r uct ur eofbact er i a. 1. 33.Thesel ect i v emedi um f ort hecul t i v at i onofst aphy l ococcii s: a)VSA( v i t el l i nesal tagar ) ; b)t hemedi um ofKessl er ; c)t hemedi um ofRu; g)t hemedi um ofLev i n; d)t hemedi um ofKi t t yTar r ot si . 1. 34.Thesel ect i v eenv i r onmentf ort hecul t i v at i onoff ungii s: a)t hemedi um ofSabur o; b)t hemedi um ofKessl er ; c)t hemedi um ofRu; g)t hemedi um ofLev i n; d)t hemedi um ofKi t t aTar ozzi . 1. 35.Di f f er ent i al di agnost i cenv i r onment si ncl ude: a)t hemedi um ofEndo; b)t hemedi um ofKessl er ; c)t hemedi um ofRu; g)t hemedi um ofLev i n; d)t hemedi um ofKi t t aTar ozzi . 1. 36.Tosi mpl enut r i entmedi ai s: a)meat pept oneagar ; b)t hemedi um ofKessl er ; c)t hemedi um ofRu; a)t hemedi um ofSabur o; e)t hemedi um ofKi t t aTar ozzi . 1. 37.Fort hecul t i v at i onofmostmi cr oor gani smsused: a)meat pept oneagar ; b)t hemedi um ofKessl er ; c)t hemedi um ofRu; a)t hemedi um ofSabur o; e)t hemedi um ofKi t t aTar ozzi . 1. 38.Tost udyt hesacchar ol y t i cpr oper t i esofbact er i a, t hef ol l owi ngar eused: a)t hemedi um ofHi ss; b)t hemedi um ofKi t t aTar ozzi ; c)t hemedi um ofLef f l er ; d)meat pept oneagar ; e)meat pept onebr ot h. 1. 39.Tost udyt hepr ot eol y t i cpr oper t i esofbact er i a, t hef ol l owi ngi sused: a)meat pept onebr ot h; b)t hemedi um ofKessl er ; c)t hemedi um ofRu; a)t hemedi um ofSabur o; e)t hemedi um ofKi t t aTar ozzi . 1. 40.Pr ot eol y t i cpr oper t i esofbact er i aar e: a)t heabi l i t yt obr eakdownpr ot ei ns; b)t her el at i ont ov ar i ousdy es; c)t henat ur eofgr owt honnut r i entmedi a; d)t heabi l i t yt obr eakdownsugar s; e)t heshapeandsi zeoft hecel l s. 1. 41.Thebi ol ogi calmet hodofcr eat i nganaer obi ccondi t i onsi sbasedon: a)j oi ntcul t i v at i onofanaer obesandaer obes; b)r epl acementofoxy genofai rwi t hi ndi f f er entgas; c)mechani cal r emov al ofai rf r om t heenv i r onment ; d)absor pt i onofai roxy genbyal kal i nepy r ogal l ol ; e)gr owi ngbact er i ai nt hedept hsofdensenut r i entmedi a. . 1. 42.Thechemi calmet hodofcr eat i nganaer obi ccondi t i onsi sbasedon: a)absor pt i onofai roxy genbyal kal i nepy r ogal l ol ; b)r epl acementofoxy genofai rwi t hi ndi f f er entgas; c)mechani cal r emov al ofai rf r om t heenv i r onment ; d)absor pt i onofai roxy genbyaer obi cbact er i a; e)gr owi ngbact er i ai nt hedept hsofdensenut r i entmedi a. 1. 43.Theenzy mesofbact er i at hatcat al y zet her eact i onsoft het r ansf or mat i onofsubst ances i nt ot hei ri somer sar ecal l ed: a)i somer ases; b)hy dr ol ases; c)t r ansf er ases; d)oxi dor educt ases; e)l i gases. 1. 44.Bact er i alenzy mescat al y zi ngoxi dat i onr educt i onr eact i onsar ecal l ed: a)oxi dor educt ases; b)hy dr ol ases; c)t r ansf er ases; d)i somer ases; e)l i gases. 1. 45.Bact er i alenzy mescat al y zi ngt hesy nt hesi sr eact i onsar ecal l ed: a)l i gases; b)hy dr ol ases; c)t r ansf er ases; d)i somer ases; e)oxi dor educt ases. 1. 46.Theenzy mesofbact er i acat al y zi ngt hehy dr ol y si sr eact i onsar ecal l ed: a)hy dr ol ases; b)i somer ases; c)t r ansf er ases; d)oxi dor educt ases; e)l i gases. 1. 47.Obl i gat eanaer obesar ebact er i at hat : a)gr owonl yi nanoxi ccondi t i ons; b)gr owbot hi nt hepr esenceandabsenceofoxy gen; c)gr owonl yi nt hepr esenceofoxy geni nt hemedi um; d)f or m capsul es; e)f or m spor es. 1. 48.Opt i onalanaer obesar ebact er i at hat : a)gr owbot hi nt hepr esenceandabsenceofox y gen; b)gr owonl yi nanoxi ccondi t i ons; c)gr owonl yi nt hepr esenceofoxy geni nt hemedi um; d)f or m capsul es; e)f or m spor es. 1. 49.Bact er i ar epr oduceby : a)bi nar ydi v i si on; b)mi t osi s; c)copul at i on; d)f or mat i onofcy st s; e)mei osi s. 1. 50.Thev i r usesar ecul t i v at ed: a)i nt i ssuecul t ur es; b)onsi mpl enut r i entmedi a; c)ondeadt i ssuesubst r at es; d)oncompl exnut r i entmedi a; e)ondi f f er ent i al di agnost i cenv i r onment s. SECTI ON2" MI CROORGANI SMSANDTHEENVI RONMENT.CHEMOTHERAPEUTI C PREPARATI ONSANDANTI BI OTI CS» 2. 1.The sensi t i v i t y ofsev er albact er i alcul t ur es t ot he ant i bi ot i c can si mul t aneousl y be det er mi ned: a)byt he" gr oov e"met hod; b)byt heaggl ut i nat i onr eact i on; c)wi t ht hehel pofski nal l er gi ct est ; d)enzy mei mmunoassay ; e)r adi oi mmunoassay . 2. 2.Thenegat i v e( si deef f ect )ofant i bi ot i csont hehumanbodyi s: a)v i ol at i onofnor mal i nt est i nal mi cr of l or a; b)bact er i ci dal ; c)bact er i ost at i c; d)mi cr obi ci dal ; e)mi cr obost at i c. 2. 3.Todet er mi net hesensi t i v i t yofabact er i alcul t ur et osev er alant i bi ot i cssi mul t aneousl y : a)usi ngpaperdi scs; b)t heVenj al Vey onmet hod; c)byt heaggl ut i nat i onr eact i on; d)enzy mei mmunoassay ; e)r adi oi mmunoassay . 2. 4.Theuseofant i bi ot i csi sbasedon: a)bact er i ci dal andbact er i ost at i cact i on; b)st i mul at i onofgr owt h; c)st i mul at i onofr epr oduct i on; d)st i mul at i onofi mmuni t y ; e)act i v at i onofenzy mesofaggr essi on. 2. 5.Oneoft hemechani smsofant i bact er i alact i onofant i bi ot i csi sav i ol at i on: a)sy nt hesi soft hecel l wal l ; b)sy nt hesi sofant i bodi es; c)t hespeci f i ct r anspor toft heant i bi ot i ct ot hecel l ; d)f or mat i onoff ul l f l edgedi mmuni t y ; e)f unct i onsoft hegast r oi nt est i nal t r act . 2. 6.Thei ndi cat oroff ecalcont ami nat i onofenv i r onment alobj ect si st hedet ect i onof : a)E.col i ; b)hemol y t i cst r ept ococcus; c)St aphy l ococcusaur eus; d)di pht her i abaci l l us; e)t uber cl ebaci l l us. 2. 7.Thel eastamountofsoi li ng, i nwhi chatl eastonev i abl ecel lofE.col ii sf ound, i scal l ed: a)amountofsoi l ; b)per f r i ngentt i t r eoft hesoi l ; c)t hesoi l sur f acei ndef i ni t ei ndex; d)St aphy l ococcust i t er ; e)St r ept ococcust i t er . 2.8.Per f r i ngence-soi ll ossi s: a)t hel eastamountofsoi l i ng, whi chcont ai nsatl eastonev i abl ecel l Cl .per f r i ngens; b)t her at i ooft heef f ect i v edoseoft heant i bi ot i ct ot hemaxi mum t ol er at eddose; c)t hesmal l estdoset hatcausest hedeat hof50%ofl abor at or yani mal s; d)maxi mum ser um di l ut i on, i nwhi chaggl ut i nat i oni sst i l l det ect ed; e)t hesmal l estamountofser um t hatneut r al i zesacer t ai namountoft oxi n. 2. 9.Todet er mi net hemi cr obi alnumberofai rused: a)aspi r at i onandsedi ment at i onmet hods; c)t wophasef er ment at i onmet hod; c)enzy mei mmunoassay ; d)t heVeny ael Vey onmet hod; e)Themet hodi sUncommon. 2. 10.Themi cr obi alnumberofai ri s a)t het ot al numberofmi cr oor gani smsper1000l i t er sofai r ; b)t heamountofE.col i i n1000ml ofwat er ; c)t her at i ooft hemi ni mum t her apeut i cdoset ot hemaxi mum t ol er abl e; d)t henumberofphagepar t i cl esperuni tv ol umeor1mgoft hepr epar at i on; e)t henumberofmi cr obi al cel l si n1ml ofadai l ycul t ur eofmi cr oor gani sms. 2. 11.Sani t ar y i ndi cat i v emi cr oor gani sm ofi ndoorai ri s: a)St aphy l ococcusaur eus; b)E.col i ; c)ent er ococcus; d)cl ost r i di a; e)chol er av i br i o. 2. 12.Sani t ar y i ndi cat i v emi cr oor gani smsofv ar i ousenv i r onment alobj ect s: a)i ndi cat ef ecal oror al dr opl etcont ami nat i onoft heenv i r onment ; b)ar eabl et oact i v el ymul t i pl yi nt heext er nal env i r onment ; c)ar eabl et omul t i pl yonl yi namedi um wi t houtoxy gen; d)r educecel l ul arandhumor al i mmuni t yf act or s; e)ar et hemai ncauseofdy sbact er i osi s. 2. 13.Thet ot al i t yofmi cr obi alcommuni t i esi nt hebodyofheal t hypeopl ei scal l ed: a)anor mal mi cr of l or a; b)dy sbi osi s; c)anopt i onal mi cr of l or a; d)pat hogeni cmi cr of l or a; e)sapr ophy t i cmi cr of l or a. 2. 14.Vi ol at i onoft henor malmi cr of l or aoft hehumanbodyi scal l ed: a)ady sbact er i osi s; b)eubi osi s; c)sy ner gi sm; d)ant agoni sm; e)par asi t i sm. 2.15.Wi t hdy sbact er i osi soft hel ar gei nt est i ne: a)t hecol oni zat i onr esi st anceofnor mal i nt est i nal mi cr of l or ai sdi st ur bed; b)di gest i oni mpr ov es; c)t hesy nt hesi sofv i t ami nsi ncr eases; d)det oxi f i cat i oni si ncr easi ng; e)t heenzy mat i cact i v i t yi ncr eases. 2. 16.Themet hodofst er i l i zat i oni s: a)aut ocl av i ng; c)enzy mei mmunoassay ; c)t wophasef er ment at i onmet hod; d)t hemet hodofpaperdi scs; e)ski nal l er gi ct est . 2.17.Di si nf ect i oni s: a)dest r uct i onofpat hogeni cmi cr oor gani smsi nenv i r onment al obj ect s; b)asetofmeasur est opr ev entt heent r yofmi cr oor gani smsf r om t heenv i r onmenti nt ot i ssues, t hecav i t yoft hehumanbody ; c)t hedest r uct i onofmi cr oor gani smsont heski nandmucousmembr anes; d)dr y i ngf r om t hef r ozenst at eunderv acuum; e)dest r uct i onofmi cr oor gani smsdur i ngaut ocl av i ng. 2.18.Thedi si nf ect anti s: a)bl each; b)pot assi um per manganat e; c)met hy l enebl ue; d)i odi ne; e)br i l l i antgr een. 2. 19.Tocont r olt hequal i t yofst er i l i zat i oni nanaut ocl av e, use: a)chemi cal subst anceswi t hacer t ai nmel t i ngpoi nt ; b)sol ut i onofpot assi um per manganat e; c)al cohol sol ut i onofmet hy l enebl ue; d)bl eachsol ut i on; e)asol ut i onofhy dr ogenper oxi de. 2. 20.Todet er mi net het ot alamountoff ungii nmedi ci nes, t hemedi um i sused: a)Sabur o; b)meat pept onebr ot h; c)meat pept oneagar ; d)Endo; e)bi smut hsul phi t eagar . 2. 21.Themet hodsofchemi calst er i l i zat i oni ncl ude: a)gasst er i l i zat i on; b)st er i l i zat i onbyf l owi ngst eam; c)aut ocl av i ng; d)boi l i ng; e)f i l t r at i on. 2. 22.Medi acont ai ni ngsugar sar est er i l i zed: a)wi t hf l owi ngst eam; b)i nanaut ocl av eunderpr essur e; c)byt hegr oov emet hod; d)st er i l i zi nggas; e)hy dr ogenper oxi de. 2. 23.Ther el at i onshi pbet weenav i r ul entbact er i ophageandbact er i ar ef er st o: a)par asi t i sm; b)sat el l i sm; c)commensal i sm; d)sy ner gi es; e)mut ual i sm. 2. 24.Aut ocl av i ngi s: a)st er i l i zat i onbyst eam underpr essur e; b)st er i l i zat i onbyf l owi ngst eam; c)dr yheatst er i l i zat i on; d)t hemet hodofdesensi t i zat i on; e)useofpr eser v at i v es. 2. 25.Aspr eser v at i v esuse: a)al dehy des; b)5%al cohol sol ut i onofi odi ne; c)5%sol ut i onofchl or ami ne; d)br i l l i antgr een; e)hy dr ogenper oxi de. 2. 26.Thef ol l owi ngor gansar est er i l ei nhumans: a)t hel ungs; b)t hest omach; c)smal l i nt est i ne; d)t hel ar gei nt est i ne; e)t heski n. 2. 27.Nor mal l y , t hehumani nt hel ar gei nt est i nei sdomi nat edby : a)obl i gat eanaer obes; b)St aphy l ococcusaur eus; c)obl i gat eaer obes; d)put r ef act i v ebact er i a; e)St r ept ococci . 2. 28.Eubi ot i csi ncl ude: a)bi f i dumbact er i n; b)ny st at i n; c)i nt est i -bact er i ophage; d)i nt er f er on; e)t et r acy cl i ne. 2. 29.Fort het r eat mentofdy sbact er i osesar eused: a)pr obi ot i cs; b)ant i bi ot i cs; c)ant i t oxi cser ums; d)v acci nes; e)di agnost i cums. 2. 30.Soi li sat r ansmi ssi onf act or : a)t et anus; b)i nf l uenza; c)measl es; d)HI Vi nf ect i on; e)Cr i meanhemor r hagi cf ev er . 2. 31.I nmedi ci nalpr oduct sf oror aladmi ni st r at i on, t hef ol l owi ngi sal l owed: a)sapr ophy t i cbact er i aandf ungi ; b)E.col i ; c)St aphy l ococcusaur eus; d)Pseudomonasaer ugi nosa; e)dy sent er ybaci l l us. 2. 32.Todet er mi net hemi cr obi alnumberofwat erused: a)Koch' si ndept hmet hod; b)t heBur r i eHi nsmet hod; c)met hodofdi f f usi oni nagar ; d)sedi ment at i onmet hod; e)paperdi scmet hod. 2. 33.Thepr esenceoff ungii snotal l owedi nsuchmedi ci nesas: a)ey edr ops; b)powder s; c)t abl et s; d)capsul es; e)r ect al supposi t or i es. 2. 34.Thei mpor t anceoft hemi cr obi alnumberoft apwat er ,whi chmeet st her equi r ement sof sani t ar y bact er i ol ogi calpur i t yofwat er : a)50; b)1000; c)100; d)500; e)5000. 2. 35.Dy sbact er i osi soft hei nt est i nei schar act er i zedbyani ncr easei nt henumber : a)y east l i kef ungi oft hegenusCandi da; b)bi f i dobact er i a; c)l act obaci l l i ; d)cat enobact er i a; e)bact er oi des. 2. 36.Themostpower f ulal l er genf r om ant i bi ot i csi s: a)peni ci l l i n; b)chl or ophy l l i pt ; c)Lev omy cet i n; d)i nt er f er on; e)Ecol i n. 2. 37.Bl oodser um i sst er i l i zed: a)byf i l t r at i on; b)i nanaut ocl av e; c)byt hegr oov emet hod; d)st er i l i zi nggas; e)hy dr ogenper oxi de. 2. 38.Ant i bi ot i csar e: a)subst ancesofant i mi cr obi al act i on; b)subst ancest hatst i mul at ei mmuni t y ; c)pr epar at i onsf ort hedi agnosi sofi nf ect i ousdi seases; d)v i r usesar e" eat er s"ofbact er i a; e)pr epar at i onsf ort henor mal i zat i onofmi cr of l or a. 2. 39.Thepr esenceof1000nonpat hogeni cbact er i ai n1g( ml )i sal l owedi n: a)capsul es; b)ey edr ops; c)pr epar at i onsf ori nt r av enousadmi ni st r at i on; d)oi nt ment sf orbur ns; e)ENToi nt ment s. 2. 40.Thepr esenceofnonpat hogeni cbact er i aandf ungishoul dnotexceed100mi cr obi al bodi esi n1g( ml ) : a)i nENToi nt ment s; b)i nt abl et s; c)i npowder s; d)i ncapsul es; e)i nt hebr ot h. 2. 41.St er i l edr ugsar e: a)pr epar at i onsf ori nt r av enousadmi ni st r at i on; b)decoct i ons; c)capsul es; d)t abl et s; e)ENToi nt ment . 2. 42.Fort hedet ect i onofSt aphy l ococcusaur eusi nmedi ci nalpr epar at i onsmakesowi ngon: a)y el l owsal tagarwi t hmanni t ol ; b)meat pept onebr ot h; c)meat pept oneagar ; d)t heSabur oenv i r onment ; e)Endo' senv i r onment . 2. 43.Theuseofeubi ot i csi sbasedon: a)onant agoni st i cact i v i t y ; b)onsuppr essi onofnor mal mi cr of l or a; c)st i mul at i onofgr owt hofoppor t uni st i cmi cr obes; d)suppr essi onofi mmuni t y ; e)ont heact i v at i onofenzy mesofaggr essi on. 2. 44.Mostof t en, t heexogenouscauseofdy sbi osi si s: a)useofant i bi ot i cs; b)useofi mmunomodul at or s; c)i ndi gest i on; d)hi ghenzy mat i cact i v i t yofnor mal mi cr of l or a; e)enhancedsy nt hesi sofbact er i oci ns. 2. 45.Theconsequenceofant i bi ot i ct her apyi s: a)t hedev el opmentofant i bi ot i cr esi st ancei nmi cr obes; b)i ncr easi ngt hesensi t i v i t yofmi cr obest oant i bi ot i cs; c)i ncr easedv i r ul ence; d)i mpr ov ementofi mmuni t y ; e)enhancedsy nt hesi sofbact er i oci ns. 2. 46.Pr i nci pl eofr at i onalant i bi ot i ct her apy : a)admi ni st r at i onofant i bi ot i csi naccor dancewi t ht heant i bi ot i cogr am; b)t heuseofbr oadspect r um ant i bi ot i cs; c)ext ensi v euseofant i bi ot i csf orpr ev ent i v epur poses; d)wi despr eaduseofant i bi ot i csi nv et er i nar ymedi ci ne; e)pr ol ongeduseoft hesameant i bi ot i cs. 2. 47.Cont r olofst er i l i t yofmedi ci nalpr oduct si scar r i edoutby : a)byi nocul at i ngonat hi ogl y col i cmedi um; b)bydesensi t i zat i onbyBr edk; c)byser i al di l ut i onmet hod; d)bydi f f usi oni nt oagar ; e)t heTsi l y aNi el senmet hod. 2. 48.Thecauseofmi cr obi alcont ami nat i onofmedi ci nalpr oduct si s: a)mi cr obi al cont ami nat i onofmedi ci nal r awmat er i al s; b)obser v anceofper sonal hy gi enei nt hewor kpl aceandi nt hephar macy ; c)compl i ancewi t hcooki ngt echnol ogy ; d)useofr el i abl epackagi ng; e)t henecessar yst or agecondi t i ons. 2. 49.Asept i ci s: a)asetofmeasur est opr ev entt heent r yofmi cr oor gani smsf r om t heenv i r onmenti nt ot i ssues, t hecav i t yoft hehumanbody ; b)dest r uct i onofmi cr oor gani smsont heski nandmucousmembr anes; c)dest r uct i onofpat hogeni cmi cr oor gani smsi nenv i r onment al obj ect s; d)dr y i ngf r om t hef r ozenst at eunderv acuum; e)dest r uct i onofmi cr oor gani smsdur i ngaut ocl av i ng. 2. 50.Ant i sept i ci s: a)dest r uct i onofmi cr oor gani smsont heski nandmucousmembr anes; b)asetofmeasur est opr ev entt heent r yofmi cr oor gani smsf r om t heenv i r onmenti nt ot i ssues, t hecav i t yoft hehumanbody ; c)dest r uct i onofpat hogeni cmi cr oor gani smsi nenv i r onment al obj ect s; d)dr y i ngf r om t hef r ozenst at eunderv acuum; e)dest r uct i onofmi cr oor gani smsdur i ngaut ocl av i ng. SECTI ON3." TEACHI NGOFI NFECTI ONANDI MMUNI TY" 3. 1. Fact or sofv i r ul encear e: a)Quant i t at i v eex pr es s i onofv i r ul enc e b)Degr eeofpat hogeni c i t yofpat hogens c )Compl exofs i gnst hatal l owt oadaptt ot heac t i onofv i r ul enc ef ac t or s d)Compl exofs i gnst hatdet er mi nepat hogeni c i t yandv i r ul enc e e)Compl exofs i gnst hatal l owt oadaptt ounf av or abl enut r i entmedi a 3. 2.Thei ndi cat orsy st em f orcompl ementf i xat i onasseeyi s: a)Ser um oft hepat i ent-asuspensi onofmi cr obes b)Er y t hr ocy t esofsheep-hemol y t i cser um c)Ser um ofpat i ent-er y t hr ocy t esofsheep d)Suspensi onofmi cr obes-hemol y t i cser um e)Ser um oft hepat i ent-hemol y t i cser um 3. 3.Hapt ensar e: a)Compl et eant i genst hatcauset hef or mat i onofant i bodi esandbi ndt ot hem b)I ncompl et eant i gens, whi chal onedonotcauset hef or mat i onofant i bodi es, butbi ndt oal r eady pr epar edant i bodi es c)Ant i bodi espr oducedbyexposur et oi ncompl et eant i gens d)Subst ancest hatdonotcauseant i bodysy nt hesi sanddonotbi ndt ot hem e)Bodyst r uct ur est hatcauset hef or mat i onofant i bodi est ot hem af t ert hei rdamage 3. 4I gGmol ecul esconsi stof : a)5monomer s b) 10Hand10Hchai ns c)Di mer s d)2Hand2Hchai ns e)Tr i mer s 3. 5.I gM mol ecul esconsi stof : a)5monomer s( pent amer ) b)10monomer s c)Di mer s d)2Hand2Hchai ns e)Tr i mer s 3. 6.St r uct ur eoft heI gAmol ecul e: a)Consi st sof5monomer s b)Repr esent samonomerof10Hand10Hchai ns c)Monomer , di merort r i mer d)Monomerof3H-and3Hchai ns e)Consi st sof10monomer s 3. 7.Li v ev acci nesi ncl ude: a)Mol ecul ar b)At t enuat ed c)Cor puscul arwhol ecel l d)Cor puscul arwhol ev i r i on e)Cor puscul arsubcel l ul ar 3. 8.I mmuni t yr eact i onsf ordet ect i onandi dent i f i cat i onofant i gensandant i bodi esar e: a)Speci f i ci nt er act i onbet weenant i genandant i body b)Absor pt i onofaf or ei gnpar t i cl ebyamacr ophage c)Penet r at i onoft heant i geni nt ot hemacr oor gani sm d)For mat i onofcl oneofpl asmacel l s e)Chemot axi sofphagocy t est ot i ssuei nj ur ysi t e 3. 9.Thedef i ni t i on, whi chcor r espondst ot hemoder nconceptof" i mmuni t y " : a)I mmuni t yt oi nf ect i ousdi seases b)I mmuni t yt ot r anspl ant edor gansandt i ssues c)Pr ot ect i v er eact i onsdi r ect edagai nstt umorcel l s d)Det oxi cat i onoft oxi ccompounds e)Compl exofr eact i onsagai nstanyaut i gens 3. 10.Or gansoft hei mmunesy st em oft hehumanbodyar e: a)Spl een, t hy mus, bonemar r ow b)Bonemar r ow, l i v er , t hy mus c)Thy mus, bonemar r ow, l i v er d)Spl een, l i v er , adenoi ds e)Epi phy si s, pi t ui t ar ygl and, l i v er . 3. 11.Post v acci nat i oni mmuni t yi s: a)Nat ur al act i v e b)Speci es c)Ar t i f i ci al act i v e d)Nat ur al passi v e e)Ar t i f i ci al passi v e 3. 12.Post i nf ect i ousi mmuni t yi s: a)Nat ur al act i v e b)Speci es c)Ar t i f i ci al act i v e d)Nat ur al passi v e e)Ar t i f i ci al passi v e 3. 13.Nonl i v i ngv acci nesdonoti ncl ude: a)Di v er gent b)Subcel l ul ar c)Mol ecul ar d)Subv i r i on e)Toxoi ds 3. 14.Adj uv ant saddt o: a)Subcel l ul arandsubv i r i onv acci nes b)Li v ev acci nes c)Tr eat ment andpr ophy l act i cser a d)Whol ecel l andwhol ev i r i onv acci nes e)I mmunogl obul i ns 3. 15.Whent hepr i mar yi mmuner esponsei spr oduced: a)I gM b)I gG c)I gA d)I gE e)I gD 3. 16.Thecl i ni calf or m ofal l er gi cr eact i onsoft y peI I Ii s: a)Anaphy l act i cshock b)Hayf ev er c)Br onchi al ast hma d)Ser um si ckness e)Tuber cul i nr eact i on 3. 17.Theant i bodi esar especi f i cf or« sel f »ant i genswhen: a)Anaphy l act i cr eact i ons b)Cy t ot oxi cr eact i ons c)Cont actal l er gy d)Tuber cul i nt est e)Del ay edal l er gi est opr ot ei ns 3. 18.Whatar et hedi agnost i cser ausedf or ? a)Topr ev entdi sease b)Forser odi agnosi s c)Fordet ect i onofspeci f i cant i gensofmi cr oor gani sm d)Fort het r eat mentofdi sease e)Fori mmuni zat i on. 3. 19.Whati st hef act orofnonspeci f i ccel l ul arr esi st anceoft heor gani sm? a)Phagocy t osi s b)Compl ement c)Nor mal ant i bodi es d)Fi br onect i n e)I nt er f er ons. 3. 20.Namet hef act orofnonspeci f i chumor alr esi st anceoft heor gani sm. a)Phagocy t osi s b)Compl ement c)NKcel l s d)Nor mal mi cr of l or a e)Bar r i erf unct i onoft heski nandmucousmembr anes. 3. 21.Whatf act orofnonspeci f i cr esi st ancer ef er st oi mmunobi ol ogi cal ? a)Bar r i erf unct i onoft heski nandmucousmembr anes b)Phagocy t osi s c)Enzy mesofaggr essi on d)pH e)Hi ght emper at ur e. 3. 22.Whatf act orofnonspeci f i cr esi st ancei sr el at edt omechani calr esi st ance? a)Bar r i erf unct i onoft heski nandmucousmembr anes b)Phagocy t osi s c)Enzy mes d)pH e)Nor mal mi cr of l or a. 3. 23.Whatf act orofnonspeci f i cr esi st anceconcer nsphy si calandchemi calr esi st ance? a)Bar r i erf unct i onoft heski nandmucousmembr anes b)Phagocy t osi s c)pH d)Pr ot ei nsoft hecompl ementsy st em e)Nor mal mi cr of l or a. 3. 24.Whati st hebasi soft hemet hodofdi r ecti mmunof l uor escence? a)Ont hei nt er act i onofmi cr obi al ant i genswi t hf l uor escentser at ocompl ement b)Ont hei nt er act i onofmi cr obi al ant i genswi t hf l uor escentser at or abbi tgl obul i ns c)Ont hei nt er act i onofmi cr obi al ant i genswi t hf l uor escentser at ot hedesi r edant i gen d)Ont hei nt er act i onofmi cr obi al ant i genswi t hf l uor escentser at ol amber y t hr ocy t es e)Ont hei nt er act i onofmi cr obi al ant i genswi t hf l uor escentser at ot oxi ns. 3. 25.Whati st hei mmuni t yofser ums? a)Her edi t ar yr el at i v e b)Passi v enat ur al l yacqui r edi mmuni t y c)Passi v ear t i f i ci al l yacqui r edi mmuni t y d)Act i v enat ur al l yacqui r edi mmuni t y e)Act i v ear t i f i ci al l yacqui r edi mmuni t y . 3. 26. Towhi chgr oupofi mmunobi ol ogi caldr ugsdoesant i di pht her i aser um bel ong? a)Vacci nes b)Pr epar at i onspr epar edf r om l i v i ngmi cr oor gani smsormi cr obi al pr oduct s c)I mmuneser um pr epar at i ons d)Bact er i ophages e)Eubi ot i cs. 3. 27.Namet hemet hodofi sol at i onofi mmunogl obul i nsf r om bl oodser um. a)Gr av i met r i c b)Ti t r at i on c)Al cohol Deposi t i on d)Di al i s e)Di af er m3 3. 28.Whati st het y peIhy per sensi t i v i t yassoci at edwi t h? a)Wi t ht hef or mat i onofaut oant i bodi est oant i gensofcel l sandt i ssues b)Wi t ht hef or mat i onofsol ubl ei mmunecompl exesi nv ol v i ngI gGandI gM. c)Wi t ht hef or mat i onofsensi t i zedTl y mphocy t esandact i v at i onofmacr ophages d)Wi t ht hedev el opmentofdesensi t i zat i onaf t err ei nt r oduct i onoft heal l er gen e)Wi t hpr oduct i onofpl asmocy t esI gEandI gG4. 3. 29.Whati st hehy per sensi t i v i t yoft y peI I ? a)Wi t ht hef or mat i onofaut oant i bodi est oant i gensofsel fcel l sandt i ssues b)Wi t ht hef or mat i onofsol ubl ei mmunecompl exesi nv ol v i ngI gGandI gM. c)Wi t ht hef or mat i onofsensi t i zedTl y mphocy t esandact i v at i onofmacr ophages d)Wi t ht hedev el opmentofdesensi t i zat i onaf t err ei nt r oduct i onoft heal l er gen e)Wi t hpr oduct i onofpl asmocy t esI gEandI gG4. 3. 30.Whati st hecauseoft y peI I Ihy per sensi t i v i t y ? a)Wi t ht hef or mat i onofaut oant i bodi est oant i gensofcel l sandt i ssues b)Wi t ht hef or mat i onofci r cul at i ngi mmunecompl exesi nv ol v i ngI gGandI gM. c)Wi t ht hef or mat i onofsensi t i zedTl y mphocy t esandact i v at i onofmacr ophages d)Wi t ht hedev el opmentofdesensi t i zat i onaf t err ei nt r oduct i onoft heal l er gen e)Wi t hpr oduct i onofpl asmocy t esI gE. 3. 31.Whati st hehy per sensi t i v i t yoft y peI V? a)Wi t ht hef or mat i onofaut oant i bodi est oant i gensofcel l sandt i ssues b)Wi t ht hef or mat i onofi mmunecompl exes. c)Wi t ht hef or mat i onofsensi t i zedTl y mphocy t esandact i v at i onofmacr ophages d)Wi t ht hedev el opmentofdesensi t i zat i onaf t err ei nt r oduct i onoft heal l er gen e)Wi t hpr oduct i onofpl asmocy t esI gEandI gG4. 3. 32. Whendoesser um si cknessdev el op? a)I nt hef or mat i onofaut oant i bodi est ot heRhesusf act orofer y t hr ocy t es b)Whenhor seser um i sadmi ni st er ed c)Wheni nf i l t r at i ngt i ssueswi t hTl y mphocy t esandmacr ophages. d)Af t ert hei nt r oduct i onoft uber cul i n e)Wi t hpr ol ongedcont actoft heski nwi t hmedi ci nal pr oduct s. 3. 33. Whatr eact i onsdoest het uber cul i nt esti nv ol v e? a)Aggl ut i nat i onr eact i on b)React i onofpr eci pi t at i on c)Al l er gi cr eact i ons d)Compl ementf i xat i onr eact i on e)Neut r al i zat i onr eact i on. SECTI ON4." PRI VATEBACTERI OLOGYANDVI RUSOLOGY" 4. 1.Wat eri sat r ansmi ssi onf act or : a)chol er a; b)r abi es; c)i nf l uenza; d)t y phus; e)per t ussi s. 4. 2.Gr amnegat i v ebact er i ai ncl ude: a)E.col i ; b)St aphy l ococcusaur eus; c)cl ost r i di aofbot ul i sm; d)ant hr axbaci l l i ; e)My cobact er i um t uber cul osi s. 4. 3.Obl i gat ny m anaer obi st hecausat i v eagent : a)t et anus; b)t y phoi df ev er ; c)ant hr ax; d)pol i omy el i t i s; e)chol er a. 4. 4.Spor ef or mi ngbact er i aar e: a)causat i v eagent sofgasgangr ene; b)causat i v eagent sofdy sent er y ; c)t hecausat i v eagentofhepat i t i sB; d)t hecausat i v eagentofsy phi l i s; e)t hecausat i v eagentoft ul ar emi a. 4. 5.Ai r bor nedr opl et sar enott r ansmi t t ed: a)sy phi l i s; b)di pht her i a; c)t uber cul osi s; d)whoopi ngcough; e)i nf l uenza. 4.6.Thehememechani sm oft r ansmi ssi oni st y pi calf or : a)HI Vi nf ect i on; b)bot ul i sm; c)dy sent er y ; d)chol er a; e)scar l etf ev er . 4. 7.Reduct i onofTl y mphocy t esi st hebasi sofpat hogenesi s: a)AI DS; b)t et anus; c)hepat i t i sA; d)t y phoi df ev er ; e)pol i omy el i t i s. 4.8.Acut edehy dr at i onandaci dosi si sobser v ed: a)wi t hchol er a; b)wi t ht uber cul osi s; c)wi t hant hr ax; d)wi t hbr ucel l osi s; e)wi t hgonor r hea. 4.9.Thef or mat i onofaspeci f i cski nl esi oni nt hef or m ofcar buncl ei sobser v ed: a)wi t hant hr ax; b)wi t ht uber cul osi s; c)wi t hbr ucel l osi s; d)wi t hchol er a; e)wi t hgonor r hea. 4. 10.Thef or mat i onofasol i dchancr ei sobser v ed: a)wi t hsy phi l i s; b)wi t hant hr ax; c)wi t ht uber cul osi s; d)buboni cf or m ofpl ague; e)wi t ht hephl egmonousf or m ofgasgangr ene. 4. 11.Expr essedbyt r opi ci t yt ohepat ocy t espossess: a)hepat i t i sAv i r uses; b)My cobact er i um t uber cul osi s; c)i nf l uenzav i r uses; d)gonococci ; e)St aphy l ococci . 4.12.I dent i f i cat i onofBabesNegr ibodi esf or mat i oni susedi ndi agnost i cs: a)r abi es; b)measl es; c)r i cket t si osi s; d)chl amy di osi s; e)amoebi asi s. 4.13Ski nandal l er gi cMant ouxt esti susedf ordi agnosi s: a)t uber cul osi s; b)ant hr ax; c)t ul ar emi a; d)br ucel l osi s; e)St aphy l ococcal i nf ect i ons. 4.14.Bact er i oscopi cmet hodi st hebasi sofdi agnosi s: a)pr i mar ysy phi l i s; b)sal monel l osi s; c)bact er i al dy sent er y ; d)Escher i chi osi s; e)Tul ar emi a. 4. 15.BCGi s: a)l i v ev acci neagai nstt uber cul osi s; b)t heki l l edv acci neagai nstbr ucel l osi s; c)aggl ut i nat i ont estf ordi agnosi soft ul ar emi a; d)ant i bact er i al ser um; e)al l er genofmy cobact er i um t uber cul osi s. 4. 17.Vacci nat i oni snotcar r i edoutf ort hepr ev ent i on: a)sy phi l i s; b)measl es; c)i nf l uenza; d)per t ussi s; e)pol i omy el i t i s. 4. 18.Def i ni ngi nt hepat hogenesi sofgonor r heai s: a)i nf l ammat i onoft hemucousmembr anesoft heur i nar yt r act ; b)i nf l ammat i onoft hemucousmembr anesoft heupperr espi r at or yt r act ; c)i nf l ammat i onoft hemembr anesoft hebr ai n; d)i nf l ammat i onoft heper i ost eum; e)pneumoni a. 4. 19.I nf ect i on, i nwhi chaper manentl i f el ongi mmuni t yi spr oduced, i s: a)Measl es; b)i nf l uenza; c)sy phi l i s; d)HI Vi nf ect i on; gonor r hea. 4. 20.TheDTPv acci nei susedf oract i v epr ophy l axi s: a)per t ussi s, di pht her i aandt et anus; b)ant hr ax; c)i nf l uenza; d)pl ague; e)t uber cul osi s. 4. 21.Byt r ansmi ssi onar et r ansmi t t ed: a)t y phus, pl ague, t ul ar emi a; b)i nf l uenza, di pht her i a, t uber cul osi s; c)t y phoi df ev er , dy sent er y , chol er a; d)hepat i t i sA, B, C, D; e)t et anus, gasgangr ene, bot ul i sm. 4. 22.Thehepat i t i sBv i r usi schar act er i zedby : a)t heDNAcont ai ni nggenome; b)anRNAcont ai ni nggenome; c)pant r opi sm; d)easeofcul t i v at i ononv ar i ousnut r i entmedi a; e)byaspi r at i ont r ansf er . 4. 23.Bact er i ol ogi calmet hodi susedi ndi agnosi s: a)t y phoi df ev er , dy sent er yandchol er a; b)t y phusandsy phi l i s; c)AI DS, i nf l uenz aandmeasl es; d)hepat i t i sA, B, C, D; e)r abi esandCr i meanhemor r hagi cf ev er . 4. 24.Nonspeci f i cpr ev ent i oni sofpar amounti mpor t ancewhen: a)AI DS, sy phi l i sandgonor r hea; b)t et anusanddi pht her i a; c)pol i omy el i t i sandhepat i t i sB; d)t uber cul osi sandper t ussi s; e)r abi esandmeasl es. 4. 25.Exot oxi nsar et hel eadi ngf act or sofpat hogenesi s: a)di pht her i a, t et anus, bot ul i sm; b)t y phoi df ev erandpar at y phoi dAandB; c)t uber cul osi s, gonor r heaandsy phi l i s; d)hepat i t i sA, B, C, D; e)i nf l uenza, measl esandmeni ngococcal i nf ect i on. 4. 26.Themal ar i acl i ni ci schar act er i zedby : a)f ev er+anemi a+hepat ospl enomegal y ; b)f ol l i cul arangi na; c)r ash; d)par esi s, par al y si s; e)hy dr ophobi a. 4. 27.Gr amposi t i v ebact er i ai ncl udet hef ol l owi ngpat hogens: a)St aphy l ococci , st r ept ococci , ant hr axbaci l l i ; b)E.col i , Sal monel l a, Shi gel l a; c)r i cket t si a, chl amy di a, spi r ochet es; d)HI V, HAV, HBV, HCV; e)br ucel l a, i er si ni aandchol er av i br i o. 4. 28.Foret i ot r opi ct her apyofHI Vi nf ect i onappl y : a)combi nat i onofant i r et r ov i r al dr ugsof3gr oups; b)t et r acy cl i ne; c)amoksi kl av ; d)r i f ampi ci n; e)doxy cy cl i ne. 4. 29.Sy phi l i si schar act er i zedbyt hef ol l owi ngcl i ni calf eat ur es: a)acy cl i cf l owwi t ht hef or mat i onofasol i dchancr ei nt hepr i mar yper i od; b)t r i sm, asar doni csmi l e; c)hy dr ophobi a; d)t hef or mat i onofbuboes; e)spasmodi ccough. 4. 30.Lowr esi st ancei nt heenv i r onmenti spossessedby : a)gonococci , meni ngococci , pal et r eponema; b)my cobact er i aandcor y nebact er i a; c)st r ept ococci andst aphy l ococci ; d)t et anusbaci l l usandant hr axbaci l l i ; e)cl ost r i di aofgasgangr eneandbot ul i sm. 4. 31.For mat i onofcol oni esi nt hef or m of" l i on' smane"i st y pi calf or : a)Bac.ant hr aci s; b)V.chol er ae; c.St .aur eus; d)E.col i ; e)St r .v i r i dans. 4. 32.Thef or mat i onofcol oni esi nt hef or m ofa" l acyhandker chi ef "i st y pi calf or : a)Y.pest i s; b)V.chol er ae; c.St .aur eus; d)E.col i ; e)Bac.ant hr aci s. 4. 33.Woundi nf ect i onsi ncl ude: a)t et anusandgasgangr ene; b)t y phoi df ev erandchol er a; c)t uber cul osi sanddi pht her i a; d)hepat i t i sAandpol i omy el i t i s; e)i nf l uenzaandmeasl es. 4. 34.I nt est i nali nf ect i onsi ncl ude: a)dy sent er yandchol er a; b)t et anusandwhoopi ngcough; c)t uber cul osi sanddi pht her i a; d)hepat i t i sBandHI Vi nf ect i on; e)i nf l uenzaandmeasl es. 4. 35.Zoonot i ci nf ect i onsi ncl ude: a)ant hr ax, t ul ar emi aandbr ucel l osi s; b)gonor r heaandsy phi l i s; c)HI Vi nf ect i onandmeasl es; d)whoopi ngcoughandmeni ngococcal i nf ect i on; e)dy sent er yandchol er a. 4. 36.Ant hr opo-nousi nf ect i onsi ncl ude: a)gonor r hea, sy phi l i sandHI Vi nf ect i on; b)Ant hr ax, pl agueandt ul ar emi a; c)Escher i chi osi sandsal monel l osi s; d)br ucel l osi sandbot ul i sm; e)t ox opl asmosi sandKuf ev er . 4. 37.Al i qui dst oolwi t hanadmi xt ur eofmucusandbl oodi sobser v edwhen: a)dy sent er y ; b)t et anus; c)t uber cul osi s; d)t y phusf ev er ; e)di pht her i a. 4. 38.Tr i sm, " sar doni csmi l e" , opi st hot onusar et y pi calf ort hecl i ni c: a)t et anus; b)chol er a; c)t y phoi df ev er ; d)hepat i t i s; e)per t ussi s. 4. 39." Fog" , " mesh"i nf r ontoft heey es, doubl eobj ect sar ecl i ni calsy mpt oms: a)bot ul i sm; b)gasgangr ene; c)hepat i t i sB; d)pol i omy el i t i s; e)dy sent er y . 4. 40.Jaundi ce, l i v erenl ar gementi sobser v edwhen: a)hepat i t i sA; b)chol er a; i naf ur y ; d)pol i omy el i t i s; e)di pht her i a. 4. 41.Speci f i cant i t oxi cser um i susedt ot r eat : a)di pht her i a, bot ul i sm, t et anusandgasgangr ene; b)chol er a, dy sent er y , t y phoi dandpar at y phoi dAandB; c)r abi es, hepat i t i s, measl es, i nf l uenza; d)pl ague, t ul ar emi a, br ucel l osi s, t uber cul osi s; e)sy phi l i s, gonor r hea, chl amy di a, HI Vi nf ect i on. 4. 42.Li v ev acci nesar eusedf orpr ev ent i on: a)pl ague, t ul ar emi a, br ucel l osi s, t uber cul osi s; b)chol er a, dy sent er y , t y phoi dandpar at y phoi dAandB; c)di pht her i a, bot ul i sm, t et anusandgasgangr ene; d)hepat i t i sA, B, C, DandE; e)sy phi l i s, gonor r hea, chl amy di a, HI Vi nf ect i on. 4. 43. Speci f i cpr ev ent i oni snotper f or medwhen: a)sy phi l i s, gonor r heaandHI Vi nf ect i on; b)chol er a, t y phoi df ev erandpar at y phoi dAandB; c)di pht her i a, bot ul i sm andt et anus; d)t y phusandhepat i t i sAandB; e)t ul ar emi a, br ucel l osi sandt uber cul osi s. 4. 44.Thecausat i v eagent sofbact er i aldy sent er yar echar act er i zedby : a)l ocal i zat i oni nt hel ar gei nt est i ne; b)Gr amnegat i v emobi l er ods; c)ar edemandi ngofnut r i entmedi a; d)hi ghr esi st ancei nt heenv i r onment ; e)abi l i t yt ocauset hedev el opmentofl ast i ngl ongl ast i ngi mmuni t y . 4. 45.Thecausat i v eagentofgonor r heai schar act er i zedby : a)Tr opi sm t ot heepi t hel i um oft hegeni t our i nar yt r act , conj unct i v a, r ect um; b)Gr amposi t i v el anceol at edi pl ococci ; c)undemandi ngt onut r i entmedi a; d)Exot oxi npr oduct i on; e)hi ghr esi st ance. 4. 46.Thecausat i v eagent sofbr ucel l osi sar echar act er i zedby : a)t heabi l i t yt openet r at ei nt actmucousmembr anes; b)undemandi ngt onut r i entmedi a; c)l owr esi st ancei nt heext er nal env i r onment ; d)t heant hr oponot i cnat ur eoft hei nf ect i on; e)t heabi l i t yt ocauset hedev el opmentofl ast i ngl ongt er mi mmuni t y . 4. 47.Fort hecausat i v eagentofant hr axi snott y pi cal : a)smal l st i ckwi t hr oundededges; b)i ti snotexact i ngt onut r i entmedi a; c)capsul eandt oxi nf or mat i on; d)t heabi l i t yt ocausecut aneous, i nt est i nal , pul monar yandsept i cf or msofi nf ect i on; e)t hef or mat i onofadi sput e. 4. 48.Thei nf ect i onst hatar eaccompani edbyar ashar e: a)t y phoi df ev er , t y phus, sy phi l i s, measl es; b)dy sent er y , chol er a, ur ogeni t al chl amy di a; c)gasgangr ene, t et anus, bot ul i sm; d)amebi asi s, mal ar i a, t oxopl asmosi s; e)t uber cul osi s, di pht her i a, whoopi ngcough. 4. 49.Theaggl ut i nat i onr eact i oni susedt oi dent i f y : a)Escher i chi a, Sal monel l aandShi gel l a; b)pal et r eponema, gonococcusandchl amy di a; c)cl ost r i di aofgasgangr ene, t et anusandbot ul i sm; d)v i r usesofpol i omy el i t i s, i nf l uenzaandmeasl es; e)My cobact er i um t uber cul osi sandcor y nebact er i um di pht her i a. 4. 50.Thev i r ol ogi calmet hodi susedf ordi agnosi s: ( a)Pol i o, measl esandi nf l uenza; b)hepat i t i sA, BandHI Vi nf ect i on; c)gasgangr ene, t et anusandbot ul i sm; d)amoebi asi s, t ox opl asmosi sandmal ar i a; e)t uber cul osi s, di pht her i aandwhoopi ngcough.
0
advertisement
Related documents
Download
advertisement
Add this document to collection(s)
You can add this document to your study collection(s)
Sign in Available only to authorized usersAdd this document to saved
You can add this document to your saved list
Sign in Available only to authorized users