The Cell
Objectives: After studying this Topic you should be able to:

Identify and briefly describe the structure and function of the nucleus, nucleoid, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
apparatus, lysosome, vacuole, mitochondrion, chloroplast, ribosome, cytoskeleton and cell wall, where present,
in bacteria, plant and animal cells
What is a Cell?
• Cell
•
____________________________________________________________
•
____________________________________________________________
All Living things share five characteristics
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. _____________________________
4. _____________________________
5. _____________________________
Cell Theory
• Development of Cell Theory
– 1590 – compound microscope invented
– 1665 – Robert Hooke noticed structures while viewing slices of cork – cells
– 1700 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek observes living cells with a microscope
– 1700 + - more structures identified as technology gets better
– 1838 – Schwann and Schleiden proposed that plant and animal tissue are made of
cells
The Cell Theory
1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
Types of Cells
All living things are composed of one of two types of cells:
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
Prokaryotic Cells
General Characteristics
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________
Eukaryotic Cells
Two types
1. ______________
2. ______________
Plant vs. Animals
Plant cells and animal cells differ in a few ways.
1. __________________________________________
2. __________________________________________
3. __________________________________________
4. __________________________________________
5. __________________________________________
Nucleus:
Organelles Structure & Function
• Nucleus
– ____________________________________
•
–
____________________________________
–
____________________________________
Nucleolus
–
____________________________________
–
____________________________________
–
____________________________________
Nucleolus:
•
Chromosomes
•
DNA is organized with proteins into multiple, linear chromosomes
•
Chromatin is the term used to represent the mass of stringy, entangled
chromosomes observed during interphase (between cell
Chromatin:
divisions)
•
•
Nucleoplasm
•
______________________________________
•
______________________________________
Cytoplasm
•
Gel like substance inside ______________
•
Dissolves nutrients throughout the cell
•
_________________________________

•
keeps them from banging into each other.
Mitochondrion
•
organelle within all cells
Mitochondrion:
•
•
looks like a long worm inside a sandwich bag
•
_____________________________________
•
_____________________________________
•
_____________________________________
Vacuole
o a hollow organelle that stores water, nutrients and waste
•
•
_________________________________
•
_________________________________
Ribosomes
•
very very small snowman shaped organelles
RIBS = protein
•
____________________________________
RIBS = RIBoSomes
•
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
•
long system of tubes and canals throughout cell
•
_______________________________________
•
•
•
like a subway system in a city
Two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
•
_________________ – ribosomes attached to the ER
•
_________________ - no robosomes attached
Golgi Complex
•
looks like a stack of pancakes
•
packages materials (proteins…) for export
•
intercellular transport
•
•
ER:
Golgi:
like a shipping department for an industrial factory
Lysosome
•
Spherical bodies
•
Contains enzymes
•
Intracellular digestion
Centrioles:
•
•
•
Centrioles
•
Rod-like structures containing microtubules
•
Cell division in animals
Chloroplast
•
__________________________________
•
captures light energy
•
__________________________________
Chloroplast:
•
•
Cell Wall
•
__________________________________
•
__________________________________
•
Made up of cellulose
Cell Membrane
•
Retains cell contents
•
_____________________________________
•
_____________________________________
A Cell is like a City…..
Organelle
City Part
ANIMAL CELL
Color each letter and its corresponding structure on the diagram a different color.
Cell Membrane A
Golgi Complex H
Nucleus *
Nuclear Envelope B
Centriole I
Microtubule J
Nuclear pore C
Nucleolus D
Lysosome K
Vacuole L
Chromatin E
Cytoplasm *
Microfilament N
Ribosome O
Endoplasmic Reticulm p
Mitochondrion G
Do not color – but F.Y.I. : Microbody
M
Hyaloplasm
Q+
Nuclear Sap F +
PLANT CELL
Color each letter and its corresponding structure on the diagram a different color.
Cell Membrane A
Microchondrion L
Cell Wall B
Vacuole D
Plastids *
Microtubule M
Microfilament N
Peroxisome O
Chloroplast F
Nucleus *
Golgi Complex I
Nuclear Envelope R
Ribosome J
Endoplasmic Reticulum K
Nuclear Pore S
Do not color – but F.Y.I. : Plasmodesma C, Crystal E, Leucoplast G, Chromoplast H,
Microbody P, Hyaloplasm Q