Chicago 16th A
Chicago 16th A is the reference style described in chapter 14 of The Chicago Manual of Style.
16th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. This style is based on the use of notes
(footnotes or endnotes) and a bibliography or citation list. (Chapter 15 of the manual describes an
Author-date style known as Chicago 16th B).
How to refer with Chicago 16th A
If your text does not include a full bibliography or exhaustive reference list, full details should be
given in the note at the first mention of any source. Subsequent references may be in the short
form. If you have a full bibliography and exhaustive reference list, all citations in the running text
can be short notes.
Articles in journals:
In notes, full citation
First name Surname, "Title of the article," Name of the journal in italics volume number, issue
number (Year): quoted pages.
Halvdan Koht, "Norsk biskop under Håkon Adelsteinsfostre," Historisk tidsskrift 27 (1927): 458.
In notes, short citations
Surname, "Short title of the article," quoted pages.
Koht, "Norsk biskop," 458.
In the bibliography
Surname, First name. "Title of the article". Name of the journal in italics volume number, issue
number (Year): page numbers.
Koht, Halvdan. "Norsk biskop under Håkon Adelsteinsfostre". Historisk tidsskrift 27 (1927): 458463.
Article in an electronic journal – with DOI
In notes, full citation
First name Surname, "Title of the article," Name of the journal in italics volume number, issue
(Year): quoted pages, doi.
David Meban, "Temple Building, Primus Language, and the Proem to Virgil's Third Georgic,"
Classical Philology 103, no. 2 (2008): 153, doi:10.1086/591611.
In notes, short citations
Surname, "Short title of the article", Quoted pages.
Meban, "Temple building", 153.
In the bibliography
Surname, First name. "Title of the article." Name of the journal in italics volume number, issue
number (Year): page numbers. doi.
Meban, David. "Temple Building, Primus Language, and the Proem to Virgil's Third Georgic."
Classical Philology 103, no. 2 (2008): 150-74. doi:10.1086/591611.
Articles in electronic journals – without DOI
In notes, full citation
First name Surname and First name Surname, "Title of the article," Name of the journal in italics
Volume number, issue number (Year): quoted pages, retrieved from http.
Morgan Kelly and Cormac Ó Gráda, "The Poor Law of Old England: Institutional Innovation and
Demographic Regimes," Journal of Interdisciplinary History 41, 3 (2011): 350,
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_interdisciplinary_history/v041/41.3.kelly.html.
In notes, short citations
Surname, "Short title of the article ", Quoted pages.
Kelly and Cormac, "The Poor Law", 350.
In the bibliography
Surname, First name. "Title of the article." Name of the journal in italics volume number, issue
number (Year): page numbers. Retrieved from http.
Kelly, Morgan and Cormac Ó Gráda. "The poor law of old England: Institutional Innovation and
Demographic Regimes." Journal of interdisciplinary history 41, 3 (2011):
339-66. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_interdisciplinary_history/v041/41.3.kelly.html.
Books
In notes, full citation
First name Surname, Title in italics (Place of publication: Publisher, Year), Quoted pages.
Carl Emil Vogt, Fridtjof Nansen: mannen og verden (Oslo: Cappelen Damm, 2011), 159.
In notes, short citations
Surname, Short title in italics, quoted pages.
Vogt, Fridtjof Nansen, 159.
In the bibliography
Surname, First name. Title in italics. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.
Vogt, Carl Emil. Fridtjof Nansen: mannen og verden. Oslo: Cappelen Damm, 2011.
Books by multiple authors
In notes, full citation
Full name, Full name and Full name, Title in italics (Place of publication: Publisher, Year), quoted
pages.
Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, The social construction of reality : a treatise in the
sociology of knowledge (New York: Ardent Media, 1980), 34.
Or, if more than three authors:
Full name et. al., Title in italics (Place of publication: Publisher, Year), quoted pages.
In notes, short citations
Surname, surname and surname., Short title in italics, quoted pages.
Berger, Luckmann, The social construction of reality, 34.
Or, if more than three authors:
Surname et. al., Short title in italics, quoted pages.
In the bibliography
Surname, First name, First name Surname (, First name Surname, First name Surname etc.) and
First name Surname. Title in italics. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.
Berger, Peter, Thomas Luckmann. The social construction of reality : a treatise in the sociology of
knowledge. New York: Ardent Media, 1980
Books with an editor
In notes, full citation
First name Surname, ed., Title in italics (Place of publication: Publisher, Year), quoted pages.
Walter Scheidel, ed., Rome and China: comparative perspectives on ancient
world empires (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 98.
In notes, short citations
Surname, Short title in italics, quoted pages.
Scheidel, Rome and China, 98.
In the bibliography
Surname, First name, ed. Title in italics. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.
Scheidel, Walter, ed. Rome and China: comparative perspectives on ancient
world empires. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Books in series
In notes, full citation
Full name, Title in italics, Series title volume. (Place of publication: Publisher, Year), Quoted
pages.
Robert A. Wauchope, A Tentative Sequence of Pre-Classic Ceramics in Middle America, Middle
American Research Records 14 (New Orleans, LA: Tulane University, 1950), 45.
In notes, short citations
Surname, Short title in italics, quoted pages.
Wauchope, Pre-Classic Ceramics, 45.
In the bibliography
Surname, First name. Title in italics. Series title volume. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.
Wauchope, Robert A. A Tentative Sequence of Pre-Classic Ceramics in Middle America. Middle
American Research Records 14, New Orleans, LA: Tulane University, 1950
Books with no author or editor
In notes, full citation
Title in italics (Place of publication, Publisher, Year), quoted pages.
Historisk riss for Vestfold: Vestfolds historiske utvikling fra 10000 f.Kr og til vår egen tid
(Tønsberg, Fylkeskommunen, 2005), 75.
In notes, short citations
Title in italics, quoted pages.
Historisk riss for Vestfold, 75.
In the bibliography
Title in italics. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.
Historisk riss for Vestfold: Vestfolds historiske utvikling fra 10000 f.Kr og til vår egen tid.
Tønsberg: Fylkeskommunen, 2005.
PhD and Master’s theses
In notes, full citation
First name Surname, "Title of the thesis" (kind of thesis. Institution, Year), Quoted pages.
Håkon Glørstad, "Neolittisk renessanse: hypoarkeologiske tekster om neolitikum i Sør-Norge"
(doctoral thesis, University of Oslo, 2002), 52.
In notes, short citations
Surname, "Short title," quoted pages.
Glørstad, "Neolittisk renessanse," 52.
In the bibliography
Surname, First name. "Title of the thesis." Kind of thesis. Institution, Year.
Glørstad, Håkon. "Neolittisk renessanse: hypoarkeologiske tekster om neolitikum i Sør-Norge."
Doctoral thesis, University of Oslo, 2002.
Chapters in books
In notes, full citation
First name Surname, "Title of the chapter," in Title of the book in italics, ed. Editor’s First name
Surname (Place of publication: Publisher, Year), quoted pages.
Karen Turner, "Law and punishment in the formation of Empire," in Rome and China:
comparative perspectives on ancient world empires, ed. Walter Scheidel (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2010), 44.
In notes, short citations
Surname, "Short title of the article," quoted pages.
Turner, "Law and punishment," 44.
In the bibliography
Surname First name. "Title of the article." In Title of the book in italics, edited by editor’s First
name Surname. Page from-to. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.
Turner, Karen. "Law and punishment in the formation of empire." In Rome and China:
comparative perspectives on ancient world empires, edited by Walter Scheidel. 52-82. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2010.
Web pages
In notes, full citation
Publisher, "Title," publication date, or revision date, or, if these are not available, access date.
URL.
University of Oslo Library, "Library regulations," last modified 19 April, 2011,
http://www.ub.uio.no/english/borrowing /library-regulations/index.html.
In notes, short citations
Publisher, "Short title".
University of Oslo Library, "Library regulations."
In the bibliography
Publisher. "Title." Date published or last modified. URL.
University of Oslo Library. "Library regulations." Last modified 19 April, 2011.
http://www.ub.uio.no/english/borrowing/library-regulations/index.html
Example of bibliography
Use hanging indentation, i.e. indent all lines following the first line of each entry.
Glørstad, Håkon. "Neolittisk renessanse: hypoarkeologiske tekster om neolitikum i Sør-Norge."
Det humanistiske fakultet, Universitetet i Oslo, 2002.
Historisk riss for Vestfold: Vestfolds historiske utvikling fra 10000 f.Kr og til vår egen tid.
Tønsberg: Fylkeskommunen, 2005.
Kelly, Morgan and Cormac Ó Gráda. "The Poor Law of Old England: Institutional Innovation and
Demographic Regimes." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 41, 3 (2011): 339-66.
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_interdisciplinary_history/v041/41.3.kelly.html.
Koht, Halvdan. "Norsk biskop under Håkon Adelsteinsfostre".
Historisk tidsskrift 27 (1927): 458-463.
Meban, David. "Temple Building, Primus Language, and the Proem to Virgil's Third Georgic."
Classical Philology 103, no. 2 (2008): 150.74. DOI:10.1086/591611.
Scheidel, Walter, ed. Rome and China : comparative perspectives on ancient world empires.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Turner, Karen. "Law and punishment in the formation of empire." In Rome and China:
comparative perspectives on ancient world empires, edited by Walter Scheidel.
52-82. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
University of Oslo Library, "Library regulations." Last modified 19 April, 2011.
http://www.ub.uio.no/english/borrowing/library-regulations/index.html.
Vogt, Carl Emil. Fridtjof Nansen: mannen og verden. Oslo: Cappelen Damm, 2011.