1. Peninsulares:

Men born in Spain

Top of society

Had $$$
2. Creoles:

Spaniards born in Latin America

Ranked 2 nd to Peninsulares
 Eventually get angry they don’t have power like the Peninsulares

Had $$$
3. Mestizos:

People of mixed European and Native Indian ancestry

Ranked 3 rd
4. Mulattos:

People of mixed European and African ancestry

Ranked 4 th
5. Africans
6. Native Americans (Aztecs, Incas, Maya, etc.)
1. Haiti:

Who revolted?
Slaves led by Toussaint L’Ouverature

Why?
They wanted their freedom

What was the result?
Haiti became an independent country from France in 1804
2. Mexico:

Who revolted?
Mestizos and Indians led by priest Miguel Hidalgo

Why?
Lower class people wanted more rights

What was the result?
Mexico became independent from Spain in 1824
3. Brazil:

Who revolted?
Creoles wanted independence from Portugal

Why?
Brazil had become different from Portugal (signed a petition for independence).
The Portuguese royal family fled to Brazil when Napoleon was conquering Europe.

What was the result? Brazil became independent in 1822

4. Spanish South America: Venezuela and Argentina:

Who revolted?
Venezuela
– led by Simon Bolivar
Argentina – led by Jose de San Martin

Why?
Colonies wanted their independence from Spain

What was the result?
All the Spanish Latin American colonies won their independence in 1824
Monroe Doctrine:
U.S. foreign policy regarding the domination of the American continent in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South
America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. Issued by
President James Monroe.
Misc. Vocab:

Hacienda – a Spanish owned plantation that used native or slave labor

Encomienda
– the right to organize unpaid labor by the Spanish colonists

Viceroyalties
– the name given to Latin American lands divided by the Spanish

Viceroy
– the ruler of the viceroyalty (like a governor)
***Make sure you know your map***