Unit 7: Growth of the Nation, 1865-1916
Topic 5: Industrialization
Name: _______________________ Block: ______
Date:__________________
Overview: Big Questions and Topics for the Unit
How & why did the US grow and change from 1865-1900?
If growth + change = progress, then is progress a good thing?
How did people respond to the changes in society?
1: The Jim Crow Era 2: Westward Migration
3: Urbanization
4: Immigration
5: Industrialization 6: Labor Unions
7: The Progressive Movement
 Before the Civil War, most American businesses were owned by a single person or a
partnership
 After the Civil War, industry (mills, factories, railroads, mines) now needed more capital
(________________) for investment than one person or a few partners could raise.
The Solution: CORPORATIONS
Purpose:
 To raise _______________ (money)
 It is a business in which many ____________________ own shares called
________________
 In exchange for their investment, each stockholder receives a ______________, or part
of the corporation’s profits
 Limits investor_________________
 If a corporation failed, investor only lost his or her investment: ____________________
Types of Corporations
Transportation
Building Materials
Energy
Communications
Monopolies

__________________ or small group of companies that has complete ______________
over a particular industry
 A __________________often allowed a company to raise _______________ to almost
any level it desired
 OUTCOMES OF MONOPOLIES
1)
2)
What do you see in the pictures?
What do you think the cartoon is saying about these men?
Trusts
Purpose:
 To get around government regulation of monopolies, companies combined their
management into ____________
 __________________ in the corporations received ______________
from the trust but lost any say in its operation
 A way to get around _________ regulating ____________________
 Example: The _____________________________________
Industrial Leaders: (write their industry and any other notes about them)
Andrew Carnegie
J.P. Morgan
John D. Rockefeller
Cornelius Vanderbilt
How did they get so powerful?



__________________________________
o Controlled entire industries (__________________________________)
o Got rid of competitors (horizontal integration)
o Controlled ___________________
__________________________________
o Kept worker pay very ____________ with ___________ hours
o Controlled ___________________and transportation costs (vertical integration)
Had no government interference!
LAISSEZ-FAIRE Capitalism: __________________________________
 Government should not __________________ with business
 _______________________________________ – private individuals make the
economic decisions
 Government is _________________________
SOCIAL DARWINSIM – was used to justify business practices
 Laissez-faire capitalists found justification for their practices in “Social Darwinism”
 Based on __________________________ theory of evolution
 Social Darwinists thought life was a struggle for the “________________
_____________________________________”
 Free-enterprise competition would lead to the ______________ businesses surviving 
 Government regulation would let the _______ busineses survive 
 Government programs to help the ______________ or ________________ would also
let the weak survive, so they were also bad 
Robber Barons or Philanthropists?




Those who got ________ at the expense of the ________ and the _________________
Fancy lifestyles of the rich -- showed off their wealth
BUT... the Robber Barons also ___________________________________(philanthropy)
Examples:
Government Tries to Regulate Monopolies: Anti-Trust Laws
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (________)
 Response to public protest against
monopolies and trusts
 Prevented any business structure that
“restrained trade” (but it didn’t define
this very well)
 Companies got creative – formed
holding companies instead
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (______________)
 Expanded and “fixed” the Sherman
Anti-Trust Act
 It worked to help the government
“bust” or break up the big trusts
Our Big Unit Question: How & why did the US grow and change from 1865-1900?
If growth + change = progress, then is progress a good thing?