Biology 105 – Human Biology
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55244 4 Units
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Student ID#: 1 2 3 4 5 6
Student Name: Ophelia Dominguez
Team Name: WANNA BEE’s
Lab Assignment #: Lab #2
Lab Title: Personal Genetic Profile
Date: 2014-02-22
Purpose / Objective(s):





Profile common genetic traits in myself and relatives in my family tree * (Please note, some information is limited, as I am adopted, and have minimal
information on my birth mother).
Profile common genetic traits in Bio 105 class
Determine patterns of genetic inheritance in my family tree
Compare female traits of my family to female classmates
Compare male traits of class with my family’s males
Hypotheses:
The following genetic traits should demonstrate independent genetic inheritance patterns within my class and family:

Females in Bio 105 should have genetically diverse traits expressed

Males in Bio 105 should have genetically diverse traits expressed

Females in my family will not resemble traits of class females

Males in my family will not resemble traits of class males

A genetic trait that exists with myself and my children, Gorlin’s Sign (touching tongue to nose) will be a minority in class data, as in society, it’s
prevalent only in 10% of the population.. I learned about Gorlin’s sign in my Rheumatology textbook, and it is also noticed up to 50% in people with
“hyper flexible Joints” Ehler’s Dalos Syndrome. As I’m adopted, I’m curious to see what traits I’ve passed onto my children. I’ve been diagnosed with
Ankylosing Spondylitis, and curious to see if my children will also be susceptible to this disease.
Materials / Subjects / Specimens;



.
A total of 39 students and one teacher in Bio 105 class were asked their common genetic traits and a few extra traits for extra credit. They were
recorded and added class tables of data.(see Tables #2 and 3)
I recorded my personal genetic information (see table# 1)
I asked generic traits among my family and recorded in a table
o Self
o Birth Mom (limited data)
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Biology 105 – Human Biology
o
o
o
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Son
Daughter
Ex-Husband
(see tables #6 and 7 )
Methods / Tools / Instrumentation / Procedures;


The standard generic traits asked were:
o Bent Little finger
o Hitch Hiker Thumb
o Interlacing Fingers
o Pigments iris
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Astigmatism
Far-sighted
Widow’s peak
Mid-digital Hair
The extra credit genetic traits asked were:
o Gorlin’s sign (touching tongue to nose; prevalent in Ehler’s Danlos
Syndrome, joint hypermobility, some rheumatic diseases and disorders)
o Curly or Straight Hair
o Morton’s Toe (where the 2nd Phalanx is longer than the 1st Phalanx, also
known as the Hallux in Latin or “Big Toe” in common speech
o Handedness: Right or Left-Handedness
o Nose: Thin or Thick Nasal above nostril
Free Vs Attached Ear lobe
Tongue Rolling
Dimpled Chin
Freckles
Morton’s Toe
Gorlin’s Sign
Large Nose
Results

Table #1 summarizes personal genetic traits of Cathy OPHDM

Table #2 summarizes the total sum of Biology 105 class common and Extra Credit genetic traits

Table #3 summarizes the Biology 105 class percentage in common genetic traits and Extra Credit genetic traits

Table #4 summarizes common genetic female traits in my family and Extra Credit genetic traits

Table #5 summarizes common genetic male traits in my family and Extra Credit genetic traits
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Biology 105 – Human Biology

Table #6 summarizes OPHDM Family females percentages of genetic traits

Table #7 summarizes OPHDM Family male percentages of genetic traits
Session:
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Spring 2014
55244 4 Units
UVC1 St. Helena
F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM
RIDDELL
Analysis: Graphs

Figure 1 shows a graph of Biology Class Females vs. Class Males. An interesting observation is that of cumulative classes, more females than males
have genetic traits of bent little finger, straight thumb, tongue rolling, dimples and pigmented eyes than class males.

Figure 2 shows a graph of Biology Class Females vs. OPHDM Family Females. 10 of the class females had Morton’s Toe, while zero of my family had
this feature of the 2nd toe or phalanx being longer.

Figure 3 shows a graph of Biology Class Males vs. OPHDM Family Males. Class males were quite high for bent little finger, while my family was zero
for males. Mid-digital hair was also quite high for class versus OPHDM males.

Figure 4 shows a graph of OPHDM Family Females vs. Family Males. Females have thin noses. All of us have pigmented irises (blue) and the
hitchhiker thumb. None have a bent little finger. Males have Widow’s Peak and mid-digital hair but women do not.

Figure 5 shows a graph of OPHDM Family Males and Females, and Biology Class Males and Females. Mid-digital hair is even for class females and
males. Class has a much higher rate of brown or pigmented eyes than does my family Same with the Morton’s Toe feature (2 nd toe or 2nd phalanx is
longer than 1st toe or phalanx

Figure 6 shows a graph of Biology Class Males vs OPHDM Family Females. Class males are much higher proportionally than family females with
pigmented eyes, bent little finger, and Widow’s Peak. Family females were higher proportionally with thin noses versus class males with wider noses.

Figure 7 shows a graph of Biology Class Females vs OPHDM Family Males. Class females were higher proportionally than family males for Morton’s
Toe. Right-Handed dominant was proportional to society of 90% right-handed and 10% left-handed.
Page 3 of 23
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Biology 105 – Human Biology
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55244 4 Units
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Analysis: Tables

Table #1 shows my personal data. I do have specific recessive traits, such as being left-handed and Gorlin’s Sign, which reflect a higher risk of having
autoimmune diseases (I’m diagnosed with Graves Disease, Sjogren’s Syndrome, and Ankylosing Spondylitis), . My children have the Gorlin’s Sign and
Graves Disease antibodies, but are right-handed. They have not shown signs of any autoimmune diseases yet.
http://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/19/science/some-disorders-appear-to-be-linked-to-being-left-handed.html

Table #2 shows the totals of Cumulative Biology 105 students with Dominant Genetic Traits. I’m surprised to see such high numbers of dominant traits
such as eye pigmentation, Far-sightedness, and hair on the mid digit. Left-handedness vs. right-handedness follows statistical norms (90% right,
10%left), with 36 students being right handed and 4 being left handed. http://www.livescience.com/19968-study-reveals-lefties-rare.html Statistically
surprising was the statistics for the class on Gorlin’s sign (being able to touch your tongue to your nose). Class numbers showed 13/39 with this trait,
which is 33%. Humans average 8-10% for this trait. https://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-67/issue-6/330.html As the class total was for 39 people, it may
have just been a small number total; perhaps over 200-1000 students would have statistics of around 10% instead.

Table #3 shows same observations as above in Table #2, this table with the percentages. For hair, Widow’s peak is dominant, but in class, it shows as
the minority, with only 26%. Similar with dimpled chin/cheek at just 28%, where dimples are a dominant trait. Perhaps the school pool of students from
specific ethnic backgrounds of Hispanic and Asian vs. European or Caucasian descent shifted the class majority.

Table #4 shows the OPHDM Family Female Genetic Traits. I am the only left-handed member, my children are right handed, my birth mother was also
right handed. So possibly my birth father was left handed, or grandparents on either sided had the left handed recessive trait and passed this onto me.
My daughter got her dimple from her Dad (he has the chin cleft) and the freckles from us both.

Table #5 shows the OPHDM Family Male Genetic Traits. The males are all right handed, have blue eyes, free earlobes, straight little fingers, hitchhiker
thumbs, are farsighted, with freckles, and no Morton’s Toe present. My son did get the tongue rolling trait from me and can also touch his tongue to his
nose, whereas his Dad’s tongue does not roll (recessive trait) and cannot touch his tongue to his nose.

Table #6 shows the Percentages of OPHDM Family Females with Genetic Traits, similar to Table #4. All are blue eyed. My birth mother and I both
wore glasses (near-sighted) whereas my daughter does not need glasses. No females have the dominant trait of the Widow’s Peak. My daughter and I
each have wavy hair. My birth mother had straight hair. So possibly my birth father had curly or wavy hair, or a grandparent on either side had this
feature and passed it down to us.

Table #7 shows Percentage of OPHDM Family Males with Genetic Traits, similar to Table #5. Males have straight hair. Only one has dimples and middigital hair.
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Biology 105 – Human Biology
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ATTACHMENTS
Summary / Formal / Conclusive Results / Tables, Charts, Illustrations
Table #1. Personal GENETIC TRAITS
Category
Characteristic
Expression
Phenotype
Genotype
digit
digit
Bent Little Finger
Hitch Hikers Thumb
B for bent is dominant
h for hitch hiker is recessive
Straight
Curved Thumb
bb
hh
digit
Interlacing Fingers L Thumb
L for left thumb on top is dominant
Left thumb on top
L_
eye / vision
Eye Color / Pigmented iris
P for pigmented is dominant
Blue eyes
pp
eye / vision
Astigmatism
S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision
Astigmatic
ss
eye / vision
Far-sighted
E for eagle is dominant to normal vision
Nearsighted
ee
hair
Widow's Peak
W peak is dominant
no peak
ww
hair
Mid-digital Hair
M for hair on mid digit is dominant
None
mm
head
Free vs Attached Ear Lobe
a for attached is recessive
Free / Hanging
A_
head
skin
skin
Tongue Rolling
Dimples / Dimpled Chin
Freckles
Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to
nose
Curly or Straight
Morton’s Toe: 2nd toe longer than
the first is dominant
Right or Left handed
Nose thin or fat
R for roller is dominant
D for dimpled is dominant
F is dominant
Roller
no dimples
no freckles
R_
dd
ff
X for NOT having it (it’s recessive)
have Gorlin's
xx
Y for Wavy Hair
wavy hair
Yy
T for NOT having Morton’s toe
2nd toe shorter
tt
G for being Right-Handed (dominant)
J for having a fat/wide nose
left handed
nose thin
qq
jj
Tongue
Hair
Toes
Hands
Nose
Page 5 of 23
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Biology 105 – Human Biology
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Table #2. Summary of the presence of common traits of cumulative BIO 105 students and Spring 2014’s extra credit GENETIC TRAITS
Category
Characteristic
Expression
Totals
digit
Bent Little Finger
B for bent is dominant
182
digit
Hitch Hikers Thumb
h for hitch hiker is recessive
196
digit
Interlacing Fingers L Thumb
L for left thumb on top is dominant
207
eye / vision
Eye Color / Pigmented iris
P for pigmented is dominant
182
eye / vision
Astigmatism
S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision
198
eye / vision
Far-sighted
E for eagle is dominant to normal vision
197
hair
Widow's Peak
W peak is dominant
189
hair
Mid-digital Hair
M for hair on mid digit is dominant
215
head
Free vs Attached Ear Lobe
a for attached is recessive
177
head
Tongue Rolling
R for roller is dominant
181
skin
Dimples / Dimpled Chin
D for dimpled is dominant
195
skin
Freckles
F is dominant
193
Tongue
Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to nose
X for NOT having it (it’s recessive)
13
Hair
Curly or Straight
Y for Wavy Hair
19
Toes
2nd toe longer than the first is dominant
T for NOT having Morton’s toe
13
Hands
Right or Left handed
G for being Right-Handed (dominant)
36
Nose
Nose thin or fat
J for having a fat/wide nose
4
Page 6 of 23
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Biology 105 – Human Biology
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Table #3: Biology 105 Class Percentages of Common and Extra Credit GENETIC TRAITS:
Category
Characteristic
Expression
Percentage
digit
Bent Little Finger
B for bent is dominant
48%
digit
Hitch Hikers Thumb
h for hitch hiker is recessive
54%
digit
Interlacing Fingers L Thumb
L for left thumb on top is dominant
63%
eye / vision
Eye Color / Pigmented iris
P for pigmented is dominant
82%
eye / vision
Astigmatism
S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision
32%
eye / vision
Far-sighted
E for eagle is dominant to normal vision
49%
hair
Widow's Peak
W peak is dominant
26%
hair
Mid-digital Hair
M for hair on mid digit is dominant
33%
head
Free vs Attached Ear Lobe
a for attached is recessive
73%
head
Tongue Rolling
R for roller is dominant
71%
skin
Dimples / Dimpled Chin
D for dimpled is dominant
28%
skin
Freckles
F is dominant
25%
Tongue
Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to nose
X for NOT having it (it’s recessive)
33%
Hair
Curly or Straight
Y for Wavy Hair
48%
Toes
2nd toe longer than the first is dominant
T for NOT having Morton’s toe
33%
Hands
Right or Left handed
G for being Right-Handed (dominant)
90%
Nose
Nose thin or fat
J for having a fat/wide nose
50%
Page 7 of 23
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Biology 105 – Human Biology
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Table #4: OPHDM Family Female Common Genetic and Extra Credit Traits
Category
Characteristic
Expression
Family Females with
Dominants Trait
digit
Bent Little Finger
B for bent is dominant
0
digit
Hitch Hikers Thumb
h for hitch hiker is recessive
0
digit
Interlacing Fingers L Thumb
L for left thumb on top is dominant
2
eye / vision
Eye Color / Pigmented iris
P for pigmented is dominant
0
eye / vision
Astigmatism
S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision
1
eye / vision
Far-sighted
E for eagle is dominant to normal vision
1
hair
Widow's Peak
W peak is dominant
0
hair
Mid-digital Hair
M for hair on mid digit is dominant
0
head
Free vs Attached Ear Lobe
a for attached is recessive
3
head
Tongue Rolling
R for roller is dominant
2
skin
Dimples / Dimpled Chin
D for dimpled is dominant
1
skin
Freckles
F is dominant
1
Tongue
Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to nose
X for NOT having it (it’s recessive)
0
Hair
Curly or Straight
Y for Wavy Hair
2
Toes
2nd toe longer than the first is dominant
T for NOT having Morton’s toe
0
Hands
Right or Left handed
G for being Right-Handed (dominant)
2
Nose
Nose thin or fat
J for having a fat/wide nose
3
Page 8 of 23
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Table #5 OPHDM Family Male Common Genetic and Extra Credit Traits
Category
Characteristic
Expression
Family Males
digit
Bent Little Finger
B for bent is dominant
0
digit
Hitch Hikers Thumb
h for hitch hiker is recessive
0
digit
Interlacing Fingers L Thumb
L for left thumb on top is dominant
2
eye / vision
Eye Color / Pigmented iris
P for pigmented is dominant
0
eye / vision
Astigmatism
S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision
2
eye / vision
Far-sighted
E for eagle is dominant to normal vision
2
hair
Widow's Peak
W peak is dominant
1
hair
Mid-digital Hair
M for hair on mid digit is dominant
1
head
Free vs Attached Ear Lobe
a for attached is recessive
2
head
Tongue Rolling
R for roller is dominant
1
skin
Dimples / Dimpled Chin
D for dimpled is dominant
1
skin
Freckles
F is dominant
2
Tongue
Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to nose
X for NOT having it (it’s recessive)
1
Hair
Curly or Straight
Y for Wavy Hair
0
Toes
2nd toe longer than the first is dominant
T for NOT having Morton’s toe
0
Hands
Right or Left handed
G for being Right-Handed (dominant)
2
Nose
Nose thin or fat
J for having a fat/wide nose
1
Page 9 of 23
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Biology 105 – Human Biology
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Table #6: OPHDM Family Female Trait Percentages of Common Genetic and Extra Credit Traits
Category
Characteristic
Expression
Family
Female %
digit
Bent Little Finger
B for bent is dominant
0%
digit
Hitch Hikers Thumb
h for hitch hiker is recessive
0%
digit
Interlacing Fingers L Thumb
L for left thumb on top is dominant
100%
eye / vision
Eye Color / Pigmented iris
P for pigmented is dominant
0%
eye / vision
Astigmatism
S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision
20%
eye / vision
Far-sighted
E for eagle is dominant to normal vision
20%
hair
Widow's Peak
W peak is dominant
0%
hair
Mid-digital Hair
M for hair on mid digit is dominant
0%
head
Free vs Attached Ear Lobe
a for attached is recessive
60%
head
Tongue Rolling
R for roller is dominant
50%
skin
Dimples / Dimpled Chin
D for dimpled is dominant
20%
skin
Freckles
F is dominant
20%
Tongue
Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to nose
X for NOT having it (it’s recessive)
0%
Hair
Curly or Straight
Y for Wavy Hair
40%
Toes
2nd toe longer than the first is dominant
T for NOT having Morton’s toe
0%
Hands
Right or Left handed
G for being Right-Handed (dominant)
40%
Nose
Nose thin or fat
J for having a fat/wide nose
60%
Page 10 of 23
401288000
Biology 105 – Human Biology
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Table #7: OPHDM Family Male Percentages of Common Genetic and Extra Credit Traits
Category
Characteristic
Expression
Family Male
%
digit
Bent Little Finger
B for bent is dominant
0%
digit
Hitch Hikers Thumb
h for hitch hiker is recessive
0%
digit
Interlacing Fingers L Thumb
L for left thumb on top is dominant
50%
eye / vision
Eye Color / Pigmented iris
P for pigmented is dominant
0%
eye / vision
Astigmatism
S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision
40%
eye / vision
Far-sighted
E for eagle is dominant to normal vision
40%
hair
Widow's Peak
W peak is dominant
20%
hair
Mid-digital Hair
M for hair on mid digit is dominant
25%
head
Free vs Attached Ear Lobe
a for attached is recessive
40%
head
Tongue Rolling
R for roller is dominant
25%
skin
Dimples / Dimpled Chin
D for dimpled is dominant
20%
skin
Freckles
F is dominant
40%
Tongue
Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to nose
X for NOT having it (it’s recessive)
25%
Hair
Curly or Straight
Y for Wavy Hair
0%
Toes
2nd toe longer than the first is dominant
T for NOT having Morton’s toe
0%
Hands
Right or Left handed
G for being Right-Handed (dominant)
40%
Nose
Nose thin or fat
J for having a fat/wide nose
20%
Page 11 of 23
401288000
Biology 105 – Human Biology
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Figure #1: Graph of Biology 105 Cumulative Class Generic Traits and Spring 2014 Extra Credit Traits
Biology 105 Class Females vs. Class Males
140
120
T
o 100
t
a
l 80
N
u
m
b
e
r
60
Class Females
Class Males
40
20
0
Genetic Traits
Page 12 of 23
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Figure #2: Graph of Biology 105 Female Class Traits vs. OPHDM Family Female Traits
Biology 105 Class Females vs. Odom Family Females
140
120
T
o 100
t
a
l
80
N
u
m
b
e
r
s
60
Class Females
Fam Females
40
20
0
Genetic Traits
Page 13 of 23
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Figure #3 Graph of Biology 105 Class Male Genetic Traits vs. OPHDM Family Male Traits
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Figure #4 Graph of OPHDM Family Female Genetic Traits vs. OPHDM Family Male Traits
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Figure #5 Graph of Biology 105 Female and Male Traits, OPHDM Family Female and Male Genetic Traits
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Figure #6 Graph of Biology 105 Class Male Traits vs. OPHDM Family Female Genetic Traits
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Figure #7 Graph of Biology 105 Class Female Traits vs. OPHDM Family Male Genetic Traits
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Figure 1 : Family Tree for Eye Color, Astigmatism, and Near/Farsightedness
Cathy OPHDM Family
Tree
Mike's MOM
Blue Eyes pp
No
Astigmatism
nearsighted
ee
Mike's DAD
Green eyes pp
No Astigmatism
nearsighted ee
DAD
UNKNOWN
SPOUSE
Blue Eyes pp
Normal Vision ss
farsighted Ee
ME
Blue Eyes pp
Astigmatic Ss
nearsighted ee
Daughter
Blue Eyes pp
Normal Vision ss
farsighted Ee
SON
Blue Eyes pp
Normal Vision ss
farsighted ee
MOM
Blue Eyes pp
NearSighted
ee
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Figure #2 : Family Tree for Tongue Rolling and Gorlin’s Sign (Touching tongue to nose)
Cathy OPHDM Family Tree
Mike's MOM
No Tongue
Rolling rr,
No Gorlin's
Sign X_
Mike's DAD
No Tongue
Rolling rr , No
Gorlin's Sign X_
DAD
UNKNOWN
SPOUSE
No
Tongue Rolling rr, no
Gorlin's sign Xx
ME
Tongue
Rolling R_
AND Gorlin's
Sign
Daughter
Tongue Rolling Rr
And Gorlin's Sign xx
SON
Tongue
Rolling Rr
AND Gorlin's
Sign xx
MOM
UNKNOWN
Page 20 of 23
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Figure #3: Bent/Straight little finger (#5 Phalanx), Curved Thumb-Hitchhiker Thumb (#1 Phalanx or Pollex) and Left Thumb (Pollex) on top for interlacing
fingers
Cathy OPHDM Family Tree
MOM
UNKNOWN
DAD
UNKNOWN
SPOUSE
straight little finger bb
curved thumb hh left
thumb on top L_
ME
straight little finger bb
curved thumb hh left
thumb on top L_
Daughter
straight little finger bb
curved thumb hh left
thumb on top Ll
SON
straight little finger bb
curved thumb hh left
thumb on top Ll
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401288000
Biology 105 – Human Biology
Session:
Section:
Class Location:
Days / Time:
Instructor:
Spring 2014
55244 4 Units
UVC1 St. Helena
F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM
RIDDELL
Figure #4: Morton’s Toe (#2 Phalanx longer than #1 Phalanx/Big Toe
Cathy OPHDM Family Tree
DAD
UNKNOWN
SPOUSE
No Morton's Toe tt
Daughter
No Morton's Toe tt
MOM
UNKNOWN
ME
No Morton's Toe tt
SON
No Morton's Toe tt
Page 22 of 23
401288000
Biology 105 – Human Biology
Session:
Section:
Class Location:
Days / Time:
Instructor:
Spring 2014
55244 4 Units
UVC1 St. Helena
F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM
RIDDELL
Observations:
1.
Unfortunately, there is limited information on my biological family as I am adopted. I’m curious to get more information about my biological family. I did
find out some information about my birth mother, but she died back in 1989 from complications due to breast cancer. Coincidentally, my adopted Mom
had breast cancer in 1986. She is a survivor.
2.
Cumulative Biology 105 class students provides a large pool of genetic traits for analysis. The class showed a near average of 50% for bent little
finger, while my family females were zero. 82% of the class was dominant for brown eyes, while 100% of my family has the recessive genetic trait for
blue eyes. I’m surprised to see such high numbers of dominant traits such as eye pigmentation, Far-sightedness, and hair on the mid digit.
3.
My hypothesis of the class having society’s norm of 10% positive for Gorlin’s sign (touching tongue to nose) was proven incorrect. https://www.cdaadc.ca/jcda/vol-67/issue-6/330.htm Class came in much higher at 33%. This could be due to the smaller sample, or perhaps the genetic diversity of
Asian and Mexican students includes the Gorlin’s sign. That would be interesting to research. Many Asians will have their faces turn red after drinking
alcohol, while most Caucasians do not, so there are differences racially.
4.
The class statistic for right handedness was same as society with 90%. http://www.livescience.com/19968-study-reveals-lefties-rare.html My family
was close, with 80%, but with a smaller pool of candidates. I wonder if this recessive gene will possibly be inherited by my grandchildren. I wish I had
genetic data available in a national data bank I could access on my birth father. As left handed people are more likely to get autoimmune diseases, I’d
be curious to see classmates in 10-20 years to see if they have anything autoimmune-related.
5.
In the future, I’d also like to see about doing genetic DNA testing for myself and kids to find more out about our genetic background. I have Graves
Disease, Sjogren’s and Anklyosing Spondylitis. The kids have the thyroid antibodies for Graves Disease but are not active (TSI, Thyroid Stimulating
Immunoglobin). My Spondylitis is HLA-B27 negative, or seronegative. It’s possible that another HLA will test positive for me or them with additional
testing. Another thing is to also look at monozygotic twin studies (identical twins/1 egg splitting). Rates for autoimmune diseases like MS, RA, and IBD
among monozygotic twins can be 25-50%. http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/4/3/a007260.full
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