KM and Semantic Web
Anuj Nanavati
Objective
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Introduction
Semantic Web components
Framework for KM on semantic Web
Impacts of semantic Web on KM
Technologies
– RDF
• Discussion
Semantic Web
• “The Semantic Web is a project that intends to
create a universal medium for information
exchange by giving meaning (semantics), in a
manner understandable by machines, to the
content of documents on the Web. It extends the
ability of the Web through the use of standards,
markup languages and related processing
tools”. – wikipedia
• Thought up by Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the
WWW, URIs, HTTP, and HTML
• An extension to the current Web
• Currently under control of w3c
Semantic Web Components
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Expressing meaning
Knowledge representation
Ontologies
Agents
Expressing Meaning
• Today's Web is for people not for computers
• Document for people and information for agents
• In semantic Web Information is given welldefined meaning, better enabling computers and
people to work in cooperation
• Anything can link to anything, no limitations on
content and information
• Decentralized ???
Knowledge Representation
• Access to
– Structured collection of information
– Sets of inference rules
• Automated reasoning
• Semantic Web to provide a language for
expressing data and rules for reasoning
about the data
• Describing complex Web objects without
tricking agents
Ontologies
• Document that defines relation among terms
• Taxonomy
– Classes and subclasses of objects
– Relation among them
• Inference rules to express relation
• Meaning of terms on a Web page can be defined
by pointers from the page to an ontology
• Answer indirect complicated questions
Agents
• Software programs
• Transfer semantic data among themselves
• Service discovery through common
unifying language
– Exchanging ontologies
– Bootstraping by discovering new ontologies
• Services
– Trusted: proofs, digital signatures
– searching
Framework for KM
on the Semantic Web
Impact of Semantic Web on KM
• Coordination between knowledge and
workings of humans with software agents
• Precision in searching for knowledge
– Indexing using ontology-based statements
• Problem relevant knowledge retrieval
• Joining various subcultures ???
How?
• XML: Extensible markup language
– Basic doc structure with no semantic
– Structure to the data
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RDF: Resource description framework
RSS: Really simple syndication
URI: Uniform resource identifier
DAML: DARPA agent markup language
vCal and vCard
Resource Description
Framework - RDF
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Representing information about resources
Language for ontologies
Any resource – not only content
Resources represented by URIs
3 structural part of a RDF statement
– Subject
– Object
– Predicate: relation
• “The article is authored by the author”
Article URL
authored-by
Author
Discussion Questions
• Role of AI in semantic Web
• Issues
– Security
– Privacy
– Intellectual property
• Need for humans?