Building the MIS
System Concepts
(System Development Life Cycle)
1
A System
 Consists of elements which operate together
according to some procedures and within some
boundaries to achieve a particular goal.
 The basic model is input, process and output.
2
Control
The Organization
as a System:
Input
•Manager
•Money
•Materials
•Machines
•+ Information
Organization
The Computer
MIS
Measure performance against plan
•Plans
•Programs
•Policies
•Strategies
•External Control
Output
•Goals/Objectives
•Profitability
•Productivity
•Growth
•Innovation
•Employee
•Development
Three stages of systems
approach
 Definition
– Understand the business problem or opportunity.
 Development
– Develop an information system solution.
 Installation and operation
– Implement the information system solution.
4
Definition
 Feasibility Study
 Requirements Collection and Analysis
 Conceptual Design
5
Development
 Design
– Physical system design
• Input design
• Output design
– Physical database design
• File design
• Database design
– Program Development
– Procedure Development
6
Installation and Operation
 Conversion
 Operation and Maintenance
 Post audit
7
Journey of a “System”
in its Development Cycle
8
System Development life
Cycle (SDLC)
 It holds that systems are best developed through the
use of a systematic development approach.
 The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a
conceptual model used in project management.
 It describes the stages involved in an information
system development project, from an initial
feasibility study through maintenance of the
completed application.
9
Steps in SDLC
Analyze
Investigate
Maintain
Developing
System
Solutions
Design
Implement
10
System Investigation
 Following are the three activities in this stage:
– System planning and selection
– Feasibility study
– Feasibility report
 There are four types of feasibilities:
– Organizational
– Economic
– Technical
– Operational
11
System Analysis
 Following are the four activities in this stage:
– Analysis of the organizational environment
– Analysis of any present systems
– System requirement analysis
– System requirements report
12
System Design
 System design can be viewed as the design of
– User interface design (Screen, form, reports and
dialog design)
– Data design (Data element structure design)
– Process design (Program and procedure design)
13
System Implementation
 It involves
– Hardware and software acquisitions
– Software development
– Testing of programs and procedures
– User training
– Development of documentation
– Various installation activities
14
System Maintenance
 It involves
– Monitoring
– Evaluating
– Modifying of a system to make desirable or
necessary improvements
 It also includes post-implementation review
process for any new requirement.
15
Final SDLC
Maintenance Cycle
Testing Cycle
Systems
Investigations
Product:
Feasibility
Study
Systems
Analysis
Product:
System
Requirements
Systems
Design
Product:
System
Specifications
Systems
Implementations
Systems
Maintenance
Product:
Operational
System
Product:
Improved
System
16