Name: _______________________________
Date: _________
Period: ________
Evolution By Means of Natural Selection
(Chapter 10)
I.
II.
Evolution: is the biological change process by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors
Historical Thoughts and Influence on Evolutionary Thought
a. Historical Thoughts
 Greeks - _______________________________________________________
 Literal Biblical view - _____________________________________________
b. De Buffon: ____________________________________________________________
c. Influence of Geology James Hutton - ________________
 Things that change the earth are very slow and take a long time.
 Charles Lyell - ___________________________________________________
 Stressed that scientists must explain past events in terms of processes that they can
actually observe.
d. Influence of Paleontology William Smith
 ___________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
 George Cuvier
 ___________________________________________________________
e. Influence of Economics/Sociology
 Thomas Malthus
 __________________________________________
_____________________________________________
 Populations could grow ____________________ if not limited by resources
 Competition keeps populations from getting too big
f. Influence of Naturalists
 Jean Baptiste Lamarck
 Tendency toward perfection - ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 Use and Disuse - ______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics - ___________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 How did he positively influence modern evolutionary thought?
___________________________________________________________
 Charles Darwin
 more-complex forms developed from less-complex forms
 Species on the Galapagos Islands were similar to the mainland, but differ in each
environment
 _____________________ naturally exists within a natural or domesticated
population and some of that variation is inheritable
Alfred Wallace
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Name: _______________________________
Date: _________
Period: ________
Paleontology: collecting and studying _______________________________
Catastrophism- ________________________ cause extinction
Gradualism- ______________ changes help promote __________________
Uniformitarianism- Process that are shaping the earth today have been going on forever
Variation in Species.
Variation is a physical trait that naturally exists in populations
Darwin did not show ____________________ for how traits were passed
Adaptation- is an inherited characteristic that allows an organism to ______________________________
Species are able to adapt
Adaptations can lead to ________________________ in a population
Fitness- how well an organism can ____________________ and __________________
Struggle for Existence
Survival of the fittest—only those that survive can ______________________.
Natural Selection—only acts on ____________________ tratis
Acts on the ____________________________but affects the _____________________
__________________________—hand selecting traits that are more appealing to produce a desired result.
__________________________—anything that alters the fitness ability of an organism
BioticAbioticOrganisms produce more offspring than can possibly survive and those that do not survive
____________________________.
Each unique organism has different advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for existence. Individuals best
suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully.
Evidence of Evolution
Geological Distribution of Living Species can indicate


Name: _______________________________
g. Fossil data shows us:
Date: _________
Period: ________



Transitional Forms - _________________________________________________________________________
Gradualism - ______________________________________________________________________________
Punctuated Equilibrium – ________________________________________________________
Stasis - ___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________-- Similarity in early embryonic stages shows relatedness.Early comparison was later
found to be doctored, it holds a little truth
Homologous Structures - ____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________ (not evidence of evolution) but evidence of selective pressure causing
organisms to resemble each other in response to their similar environment. Similar _____________________
and ___________________________
Vestigial Organs - ___________________________________________________________________________
Examples:
Genetic Data- can confirm what we thought based on morphology, or challenge what we thought…
Name: _______________________________
Date: _________ Period: ________
Vocabulary Practice