3.16 Part I
 Review: Molecular Genetics (DNA,







Protein Synthesis)
Quiz # 2
Review Cellular Transport
Notes: Photosynthesis
Notes: Cellular Respiration
Video: Cellular Respiration- What Food
Is For…
Handouts: Cellular Respiration
Break
Review
Under each picture state if the RBC was
placed in an isotonic, hypertonic, or
hypotonic solution and explain…
1.
2.
3.
Osmosis Review
1. You decide to buy a new fish for your
freshwater aquarium. When you introduce
the fish into its new tank, the fish swells
up and dies. You later learn that it was a
fish from the ocean. The most likely
explanation is that unfortunate fish went
from a(n) _______________ solution into
a(n) _______________ solution.
a. isotonic, hypotonic
b. hypertonic, isotonic
c. hypotonic, hypertonic
d. hypotonic, isotonic
Osmosis Review
2. In osmosis, water always moves
toward the ____ solution: that is,
toward the solution with the
___ solute concentration.
a. isotonic, greater
b. hypertonic, greater
c. hypertonic, lesser
d. hypotonic, greater
e. hypotonic, lesser
Osmosis Review
3. You know that this cell is in a(n)
_____ solution because it _____.
a. hypotonic, is turgid
b. hypotonic, lysed
c. hypertonic, lysed
d. hypertonic solution, lost water
e. hypertonic, gained water
Osmosis Review
4. If the volume of a cell increases
when it is placed in a solution,
that solution is said to be
__________ to the cell.
a. hypertonic
b. subatomic
c. isotonic
d. gin and tonic
e. hypotonic
Osmosis Review
5. Match the direction of net
movement to its description. The
direction of net movement
choices may be used more than
once (choose “a” or “b”)
Plants and High Salt Soils
Why spray veggies with water ???
Compare: Photosynthesis &
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration vs.
Photosynthesis
Who?
Why?
What?
When?
Where ?
Parts ?
Comparison
Cell Transport Review
 How are active transport,
photosynthesis, and cellular
respiration connected ?
Hint: Where do cells get the energy they
need to carry out cell processes
like active transport ?
Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP
The glory of leaves
 Without their chloroplasts plants would
be left like the rest of us, to eat what
they find. Instead they hold out their
green palms and catch light. If there is
magic in the world, surely this is it: the
descendants of tiny creatures in leaves,
capable of ingesting the sun…
Objectives
 Explain where plants get the energy




they need to produce food
State the overall equations for
photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Explain where organisms get the
energy they need for life processes
Define cellular respiration
Compare photosynthesis and cellular
respiration
Think about it !!!
 Write the complete equation for
photosynthesis in words and using the
chemical formulas
 Write the complete equation for cell
respiration in words and using the
chemical formulas
How are they connected?
Respiration
glucose + oxygen
C6H12O6 +
6O2
carbon + water + energy
dioxide
6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATPs
Photosynthesis
carbon
sun
+ water + energy
dioxide
6CO2 + 6H2O + light
energy
glucose + oxygen
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis:
Life from Light and Air
Plants are energy producers
 Like animals, plants need energy to live

unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat
food to make that energy
 Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY
animals are consumers
 plants are producers

How do plants make energy & food?
 Plants use the energy from the sun
to make ATP energy
 to make sugars

 glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more
sun
ATP
sugars
Building plants from sunlight & air
 Photosynthesis
2 separate processes
sun
 ENERGY building reactions

 collect sun energy
 use it to make ATP

ATP
SUGAR building reactions
 take the ATP energy
 collect CO2 from air &
H2O from ground
 use all to build sugars
carbon dioxide
water
+ HO
CO2
2
H2O
+
CO2
sugars
C6H12O6
sugars
Using light & air to grow plants
 Photosynthesis
using sun’s energy to make ATP
 using CO2 & water to make sugar
 in chloroplasts
 allows plants to grow
 makes a waste product

 oxygen (O2)
(ATP) = used to build the sugar
carbon
sun
+ water + energy
dioxide
glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O + sun  C6H12O6 + 6O2
energy
What do plants need to grow?
 The “factory” for making
energy & sugars

sun
chloroplast
 Fuels
CO2
sunlight
 carbon dioxide
 water
Make ATP!
Make sugar!
I can do it all…
And no one
even notices!

 The Helpers

enzymes
H2O
ATP
enzymes
sugars
Photosynthesis
sun
ENERGY
building
reactions
ATP
ADP
SUGAR
building
reactions
H2O
CO2
used immediately
to synthesize sugars
sugar
Chloroplasts are only in plants
animal cells
plant cells
Think About It !
Do you think it is possible for
scientists to incorporate
chloroplasts into the skin cells of
humans ? What would this mean
for humans ?
Chloroplasts
Leaf
absorb
sunlight & CO2
Leaves
sun
CO2
Chloroplasts
in cell
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts
contain
Chlorophyll
Chloroplast
make
ENERGY & SUGAR
So what does a plant need?
 Bring In
light
 CO2
 H2O

leaves
 Let Out

shoot
O2
 Move Around

sugars
6CO2 + 6H2O + light
energy
roots
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Energy cycle
sun
Photosynthesis
plants
CO2
glucose
H2O
sugars
animals, plants
Cellular Respiration
The Great Circle
of Life!
Mufasa?
ATP
O2
Another view…
capture
light energy
sun
Photosynthesis
synthesis
producers, autotrophs
CO2
waste
organic
O2
molecules waste
H2O
waste
food
consumers, heterotrophs
digestion
Cellular Respiration
release
chemical energy
ATP
The poetic perspective
 All of the solid material of every plant
was built out of thin air
 All of the solid material of every animal
was built from plant material
air
Then all the cats, dogs,
mice, people & elephants…
are really strands of air woven
together by sunlight!
sun
Got the energy…
Ask Questions!!
Cellular Respiration
Harvesting Chemical Energy
ATP
Regents Biology
2009-2010
“Burn fuels” to make energy
combustion
making heat energy by burning fuels in one step
fuel
(carbohydrates)
O2
CO2 + H2O + heat
aerobic respiration
making ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels
in many small steps
ATP
food
(carbohydrates)
O2
ATP + CO2 + H2O (+ heat)
Energy needs of life
 Animals are energy consumers

What do we need energy for?
 synthesis (building for growth)
 reproduction
 active transport
 movement
 temperature control (making heat)
Where do we get energy?
 Energy is stored in organic molecules
carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Animals eat these organic molecules  food
 digest food to get


 fuels for energy (ATP)
 raw materials for building more molecules
 carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids
ATP
What is energy in biology?
ATP
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Whoa!
HOT stuff!
Regents Biology
2009-2010
Harvesting energy stored in food
 Cellular respiration

breaking down food to produce ATP
 in mitochondria
 using oxygen
 “aerobic” respiration

food
ATP
usually digesting glucose
 but could be other sugars,
fats, or proteins
O2
glucose + oxygen  energy + carbon + water
dioxide
C6H12O6 +
6O2
 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O
What do we need to make energy?
 The “Furnace” for making energy

mitochondria
 Fuel

food: carbohydrates, fats, proteins
 Helpers


oxygen
enzymes
food
 Product

carbon dioxide
 then used by plants

enzymes
ATP
 Waste products

Make ATP!
Make ATP!
All I do all day…
And no one
even notices!
water
O2
ATP
CO2
H2O
Mitochondria are everywhere!!
animal cells
plant cells
Using ATP to do work?
Can’t store ATP
 too unstable
 only used in cell
that produces it
 only short term
energy storage
 carbohydrates & fats
are long term
energy storage
Whoa!
Pass me the
glucose & oxygen!
ATP
Adenosine TriPhosphate
work
Adenosine DiPhosphate
ADP
A working muscle recycles over
10 million ATPs per second
A Body’s Energy Budget
1
eat
food
make energy
ATP
2
3
synthesis
(building)
storage
{
{
{
• energy needed
even at rest
• activity
• temperature
control
• growth
• reproduction
• repair
• glycogen
(animal starch)
• fat
O2
What if oxygen is missing?
 No oxygen available = can’t complete
aerobic respiration
 Anaerobic respiration

also known as fermentation
 alcohol fermentation
 lactic acid fermentation
yeast
no oxygen or
no mitochondria (bacteria)
 can only make very little ATP
 large animals cannot survive

bacteria
Anaerobic Respiration
 Fermentation

alcohol fermentation
 yeast
 glucose  ATP + CO2+ alcohol
 make beer, wine, bread

lactic acid fermentation
 bacteria, animals
 glucose  ATP + lactic acid
 bacteria make yogurt
 animals feel muscle fatigue
Tastes good…
but not enough
energy for me!
O2
Got the energy…
Ask Questions!!
Regents Biology
Mitochondrial Disease