Special Conditions Related to Bones and Joints
1. Osteoporosis:
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Osteoporosis begins between ages 30 and 40
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Women lose 8% of bone mass per decade, men 3%
2. Scoliosis:
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“S” shaped
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Occurs most often in the thoracic region
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Most common during adolescence and girls are more prone to developing the condition
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If muscles on one side of the body are not functioning properly, those on the opposite side tug
on the spine and force it out of alignment
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Treated with body braces or surgically before the growth period ends to prevent permanent
deformity or breathing difficulties
3. Gigantism
 Childhood hyper secretion of growth hormone by the _____________ _________
causes excessive growth.
4. Pituitary dwarfism
 Growth hormone deficiency in children resulting in extremely short long bones and
maximum stature of 4 feet.
5. Fractures:
 Closed – bone breaks _________________
 Open – the broken bone ends have broken _______________ the skin
 Greenstick – bone splits and bends, does ___________ break (seen only in children)
Symptoms of Fractures:
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

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PAIN/Tenderness
Deformity – unnatural angle or position
Bruising/discoloration
_______________ to move body part - bear weight
Grating sound - squeaking
Exposed fragments
Sometimes no symptoms
Soft Tissue Injuries
6. Sprains:
st
 Mild (1 degree) – ______________ ligament
nd
 Moderate (2 degree)– partial tear
rd
 Severe (3 degree) – complete tear
Symptoms:
1. Swelling
4.
2.
5.
3
7. Strains:
Symptoms:
1.Swelling
4.
2.
5.
3
8. Dislocations:
Symptoms:
1. Deformity of joint
2.
4.
5.
3
9.
Bursitis: inflammation of the sac (bursa) near the joint
10.
Tendonitis: inflammation of the tendon
11. Arthritis: Inflammation in and around the joint
FIRST AID for SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
REST- No weight barring activities
ICE - ice for 24 to 48 hours. 20 min. on/ 20 min off
Compression - wrap it snug, but not too tight.
Elevation- keep the injury elevated. Level with heart.