32
FATS AND PELLETS IN BROILER RATIONS
By
G. H. Arscott
\.5 RA140
.4■v.
OCT 9 1958
41'
Miscellaneous Paper 37
April 1957
Agricultural Experiment Station
Oregon State College
Corvallis
p
FATS AND PELLETS IN BROILER RATIONS
G. H. Arscott 1/
It is estimated that over three-fourths of the commercial rations
currently fed to broilers in this area are in crumbles or pellet form.
Bearse and coworkers (1952), Lanson (1954), and Lanson and Smyth (1955)
have shown that pelleting improved growth and feed conversion of broilers
fed high-efficiency rations.
Little experimental information is presently available regarding the
value of pelleting broiler feeds containing animal fat.
Procedure
The experimental plan involved four groups of sexed, day-old broiler
fed mash or pellets each in the presence or absence of 3% animal fat 2/.
This procedure was repeated at three different intervals with 200 New
Hampshire chicks of mixed sex used in each of the first two experiments
(1 and 2) and 192 Delaware chicks of mixed sex in the third experiment (3).
Experiment 1 was of 8 weeks t duration while experiments 2 and 3 were of 9
weeks' length.
The broilers were housed in a building equipped with forced draft
ventilation; raised floor pens containing wood planer shavings with
approximately 1 square foot of floor space per chick; and brooded under
infrared heat lamps with 24-hour lights. Feed and water were available
continuouoly.
The rations used are shown in table 1. A 3/32" pellet was employed
for the pelleted feeds throughout the trial. Additional soybean meal
protein was added to rations containing 3% fat to keep the protein level
constant among treatments.
The broilers were weighed at 4, 8, or 9 weeks of age. Feed consumption data were recorded with adjustments made for mortality.
Results
Results of the three experiments are summarized in table 2. The
addition of 3% animal fat resulted in a greater improvement in bodyweight
and feed use on the mash-type rations compared to the pelleted rations.
Pelleting a ration brought about a growth response that proved greater
than that observed with the all-mash ration containing 3% added fat.
Pelleting the ration containing no fat improved feed conversion to the
extent that it compared favorably with the all-mash ration containing 3%
fat. An additional improvement, though of smaller magnitude, was observed
with the pelleted ration containing 3% added fat,
1/ Assistant Poultry Husbandman, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station
Oregon State College.
2/ "Calogen" stabilized with "Tenox R".
Performance efficiency calculations demonstrate the additive-type
effect noted from the mash-no-fat treatment through the pelleted-3% fat
group (table 2).
Summary
Three experiments have been conducted involving a total of 592 broiler
chicks housed in floor pens. The following observations were made.
(1)
3% animal fat brought about more improvement on bodyweight and
feed use on mash rations than it did on pelleted rations,
(2)
Pelleting a mash ration resulted in a marked improvement in
growth and an increase in feed efficiency, the latter comparing
favorably to an all-mash ration containing 3% fat.
(3)
3% fat included in pelleted rations brought about an additional
improvement in feed efficiency but had no effect on growth,
References
Arscott, G. H., L, E. Johnson, and J. E. Parker, l955.
The use of barley in high-efficiency broiler rations. The influence
of methionine, grit, and stabilized animal fat on efficiency of
utilization. Poultry Science, 34:655-662.
Bearse, G. E., L. R, Berg, C. F. McClary, and V. L. Miller, 1954.
The effect on chick growth and feed efficiency of pelleting rations
of different fiber levels. Poultry Science. 31:907.
Lanson, R. K., 1954.
Pellets tops in study of three poultry feeds. Maine Farm Research
2:7-8,
Lanson, R. K. and J, R. Smyth, 1955,
Pellets as mash plus pellets as mash for broiler feeding.
Poultry Science. 34:234-35
Table 1. Composition of Experimental Rations
Ingredient
0%
Animal fat
3%
Per cent
Corn, ground yellow
61. 2 5
Prime tallow V
Soybean meal, sol., 44% protein
22.0
Fish meal, herring, 70%
Corn gluten meal
Whey, dried
Alfalfa meal, sun cured, 15% protein
DL–Methionine (98 %)Bone meal, st., sp.
Limestone flour
Salt, iodized
Choline chloride (25%)
Vitamin A, dry (10,000 U.S.P.U./gm.)
Vitamin D, dry (1,500 I.C.U./gm.)
Riboflavin concentrate (8 mg./gm)
Antibiotic –B 12 supplement
(2gm, procaine/penicillin & 3 mg. vit. B12/1b.)
Manganese sulfate (70%)
Ca–pantothenate concentrate (70.5 mg:/gm0
Niacin
Sulfaquinoxaline
1/ ItCalogenU stabilized with UTenox R.11
57.55
3.0
22.7
5.o
3.0
2.5
2.0
0.05
2.25
1.25
0.3
0.2
0.05
0.05
0.07
0.0 5
gm./100 lbs.
18.1
3.6
1.0
7.1
Table 2.
Treatment
Feeding method
Mash
3
Pellets
Pellets
/
2/
3/
Average data
Fat,
Bodyweight ]/Survivors Feed/unit Performance
weight 2/ efficiency Z/
no.
Pounds
Grams Pounds
%
0
Mash
Pellets and Fat in Broiler Rations
0
3
1
1,224
2
1,302
3
1,242
Av.. 1,256 (2.76)
49
48
44
1
2
3
Av.
1,261
1,304
1,301
1,287 (2.83)
48
46
47
1
2
3
Av.
1,304
1,347
1,342
1,32 (2.93)
1
2
3
Av.
1,347
1,386
1L'
];) (2.95)
Treatment L.S.D. (.05) = 100 gms.
Treatment L.S.D. (.05) = 0.24 lbs.
PE = (Bodyweight lbs.) 2 X 100.
Feed Consumption lbs.
2.58
2.73
2.89
775
2.44
2.82
2.50
10141
7.7
109.3
47
5o
43
2.53
2.56
2.58
2.57
114.0
49
48
42
2.36
2.45
2.59
2.147
119.0