Chapter 9

Chapter 9-1

• Most of Western Roman Empire now under Germanic control
▫ Visigoths, Franks, Anglo-Saxon, Ostrogoths

• Clovis: strong military leader who established the Frankish Kingdom (500 C.E.)
▫ first Germanic ruler to convert to Christianity
 “Jesus Christ, if you shall grant me victory over these enemies, I will believe in you and be baptized.”
▫ Roman Catholic Church support
• Defeated local tribes and unified Frankish people
• After death sons divide empire into three

• Roman and German culture mixes
▫ Family is very important
▫ German law makes actions personal (blood feud)
• Wergild: amount paid by a wrongdoer to the family he/she injured or killed, varied based on social class
• Ordeal: means of determining guilt, based on ideal of divine intervention.
▫ Physical trial

• Christianity becomes supreme religion by end of 4 th century
▫ Roman Empire is gone
▫ Roman Catholic Church dominant role

• Using your graphic Organizer
• Organize the Church.
• Use page 304

The Carolingian Empire Documentary
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnFctcpZI
KM

Chapter 9-2

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV7Canyzh
Zg

• Charlemagne’s death creates a power vacuum of leadership
▫ West Frankish Kingdom (France)
▫ Middle Kingdom (Italy)
▫ East Frankish Kingdom (Germany)
• Invaders will set Europe back further
▫ Magyars
▫ Muslims
▫ Vikings
 Why might the death of a strong leader make a nation vulnerable to attack?

• Open to page 309
• Answer the two questions which pertain.

History and
Geography
Activity
• Read about the Vikings
• Answer the questions which pertain

The Development of Feudalism
• Feudalism: political and social order in which powerful lords offered protection in return for service.
• Vassal: warrior who served the need of the lords
▫ Normally swore an oath of allegiance
• Knights: heavily armored Calvary units
▫ Great social prestige
• Fief: grant of land given to a vassal
• Feudal Contract: set of unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassals

• Open to page 311
• Read about this system
• Answer the questions which pertain

• Feudal society built around a culture of warfare
• Land is essential to the political power of lords
• Tournaments: contests where nights could demonstrate their fighting skills
▫ Jousting
▫ “A Knight cannor distingush himself in a war if he has not trained for it in the tourneys”
• Chivalry: code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold
• Eleanor of Aquitaine: strong independent woman, who married for political power, and established a culturally rich court.

• Open to page 312
• Look at the illustration
• Read the headings
• Answer the questions which pertain

9-3

England in the
High Middle Ages
• Norman Conquest
▫ William of Normandy: 1066 lands on English shores and defeated King Harold in Battle of Hastings.
Crowned king of England
▫ Normans and Anglo-Saxon marry
• Henry II and the Church
▫ Henry II: 1154-1189 C.E. enlarged the English monarchy, trials increased, took property from nobles
▫ Common Law: law that was common throughout the entire kingdom
▫ Thomas á Becket: Archbishop of Canterbury challenged Henry’s desire to try clerics

• Runnymede 1215
▫ English nobles rebel against King John
▫ John forced to sign a legal contract
• Magna Carta: “The Great Charter”
▫ based on mutual rights and obligations
▫ Monarchs power is limited not absolute
• Parliament: representative government under King
Edward I
▫ Bishops and Nobles-HOUSE OF LORDS
▫ Knights and townspeople-HOUSE OF COMMONS

• Open to page 318
• Read about the Magna Carta
• Answer the questions

• Imagine that you have united the class (town) and want to establish some rules (locally)
• Now establish your Magna Carta for the School

• France in the
Middle Ages
▫ Sean K
▫ Jeff Z
▫ Irmis S
▫ Tyler V
▫ Kayla A
▫ Destiny A
▫ Chelsea
• The Holy
Roman
Empire
▫ Megan C
▫ Dean B
▫ Val R
▫ Kai R
▫ Joey L
▫ Will W
▫ Faris A
• Central and
Eastern
Europe
▫ Abby G
▫ Joey B
▫ Justin B
▫ Chelsea L
▫ Ethan W
▫ Aidan A
▫ Sean V

• Read and reseach about the topic from pages 319-321
• Become experts!
• Use your paper to illustrate, define words, key people etc.
• We will present tomorrow!

9-4

From Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantine
Empire
• Justinian: Emperor in 527 C.E.
▫ Determined to reestablish Roman Empire
▫ Codified Roman Laws in The Body of Civil Law
(Justinian Code)
• Issues
▫ Too much land, empty treasury, decline in population, Rise of
Islamic States
• Emergence of Byzantine Empire
▫ Loss of territory only consists of Balkans and Asia Minor
▫ Greek becomes official language (not Latin)
▫ Eastern Orthodox Church

Life in
Constantinople
• Riots in 532 C.E.
▫ Justinian Rebuilds a splendorous city
 Pubic Baths, Hippodrome, Hagia Sofia (Church of Holy
Wisdom)
▫ Largest in Europe during middle ages
 Center of commerce
 Goods from East and West cross here
 Silk, Spices, Jewelry, Ivory, Wheat, Honey, Furs

• Read the handout
• Create your own laws in your groups
• You will create a Venn Diagram about Justinian and American law code and see where your group agrees and disagrees with either party

• People in World History: Theodora

• Macedonian Emperors (867-1081 C.E.)
▫ Expand the empire and stimulate trade
▫ Renewed prosperity within the empire
• Religious Issues
▫ Catholic vs. Eastern Orthodox Church
▫ Pope vs. Patriarch (excommunicated each other)
▫ Schism: separation between churches

• Crusades: 11 th -13 th centuries series of military expeditions to regain the holy land
▫ Alexius I: asks European leaders to send military support against Seljuk Turks
▫ Pope Urban II: Challenged all Christians to take up arms and fight in 1095 at the Council of Clermont
 “All who die… shall have immediate remission of sins”
 What does this mean?
 “It is the will of God”

• First Crusade
▫ Mostly French Warriors
▫ Captured Antioch in 1098
▫ Captured Jerusalem in 1099
 Massacre of its inhabitants
• 4 Crusader States Created
▫ Relied on Italian cities for supplies
▫ Hard to defend
▫ 1187 C.E. Jerusalem captured by
Saladin

• Pope Innocent III: calls for the 4 th Crusade
▫ Crusaders get involved in fight over Byzantine Throne
▫ 1204 crusaders sack Constantinople
• Children's Crusade: led by Nicholas of Cologne
▫ Youth march to Rome
▫ Pope tells them to go home

• http://historyunits.wix.com/the-crusades#

• Open to page 326
• Look at the map and answer the questions
• Respond to the following question
▫ How did the Crusades impact the overall European civilization?
 Look at page 327 to find out more!