 Classical
Conditioning
• Notes
• Examples
 Homework: Reading
Quiz FRIDAY
 Acquiring
new information
 Modifying or reinforcing existing
knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or
preferences
 Learning does not happen all at once
• Ideas build upon one another
 IT
IS NOT VOLUNTARY!!
 IT HAPPENS REFLEXIVELY!!!
 Unconditioned
Stimulus: anything that
generates an automatic response
 Unconditioned Response: The automatic
response to the US
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tasty food  Salivate
Loud Noise  Startled
Puff of air in the eye  Twitch
Being dumped  Sadness
Stomach Flu  Nausea
Alluring Image  Sexual Arousal
 Neutral
Stimulus: Anything to which you
DON’T already have a natural reaction to
• Doctor’s Office
• A color
• Computer sound
• Spray bottle
• Sound of a bell
• Your friend’s house
• A building
 Acquisition:
Repeated
pairing of NS &
UCS
 NS
+ UCS  UR
 CS
 CR
 Generalization: When
other stimuli that
resemble the conditioned stimulus cause
a conditioned response
 Discrimination: The ability to differentiate
between CS and similar stimuli
 Extinction:
Eliminating a
Conditioned
Response
• caused by UCS by
REPEATEDLY not
following CS
• The NS loses its
predictive power!
 Spontaneous
Recovery: Re-emergence
of an extinct CR after a period of time
• CR will be much weaker, but still present
 Classical
conditioning examples
 Operant conditioning terms
 Homework: Reading Quiz TOMORROW
Some dog owners prefer to get an invisible
fence (a fence that provides a shock when
dogs with shock collars cross a wire in the
ground) because their neighborhood does
not allow certain fences.
When the dog is about 6 inches away from
the wire, it hears a loud tone. If the dog
continues walking after hearing the tone, it
will be shocked.
 Unconditioned
Stimulus: _______________
 Unconditioned
Response: ______________
 Neutral
Stimulus: ______________________
 Conditioned
Stimulus: _________________
 Conditioned
Response: ________________
 Extinction:
 Spontaneous
Recovery:
 Generalization:
 Discrimination:
 Using
a CS as UCS to condition a new
response
 It’s like the “Inception” of conditioning
 First-Order:
• UCS + NS = UR
• NR  CS
• CS = CR
 Higher-Order
• CS  CR
• CS = UCS
• UCS (old CS) + (NEW) NS  UCR
• Eventually…NS becomes CS
• CS  CR
 IT
IS VOLUNTARY!!
 You learn consequences that follow your
behavior (GOOD OR BAD)
 How
do CRUSH CARDS function as
operant conditioning?
 Shaping: rewarding
successive behaviors
to encourage more complex behaviors
 MUST
FOLLOW A BEHAVIOR!
 Reinforcement: Increases the frequency
of behavior
 Punishment: Decreases the frequency of
behavior
How does
gambling function
as both
reinforcement and
punishment?
 Positive: Adding
something
 Negative: Taking away something
Is receiving a
speeding ticket
positive or
negative?
 Important
people (yellow sheet)
 Classical vs. Operant conditioning
examples worksheet
 Reinforcement Schedules
 Practice FRQ (if time)
 Homework:
• Reading Guide #6 due tomorrow
• Reading Quiz #6 tomorrow
 Ivan
Pavlov
 B.F. Skinner
 John B. Watson
 Edward Thorndike
 Albert Bandura
Response happens
every time after
behavior
(Continuous)
Response only
happens some of the
time
(Partial/Intermittent)
Response is
predictable
(Fixed)
Response happens after the
behavior occurs a specific
amount of times
(Fixed Ratio)
Response happens after a
set amount of time
(Fixed Interval)
Response is
Unpredictable
(Variable)
Response happens after the
behavior occurs an
unpredictable amount of
times
(Variable Ratio)
Response happens after an
unpredictable amount of
time.
(Variable Interval)
 Response
happens after the
behavior occurs a specific
amount of times
 Examples:
• Push level five times: Receive a
food pellet
• Buy four coffees: Get one free
• Read five books: Get a free pizza
• Clean three rooms: Get a 15
minutes break
 Response
happens after a set amount of
time
 Examples:
• Pressing a lever: Food pellet released every 10
minutes
• Studying: Final exam given every end of
semester
• Being paid every two weeks for working a job
• Reading a textbook:” Teacher gives quiz every
Tuesday
 Response
happen after the
behavior occurs an unpredictable
amount of times
 Example:
• Pressing a level: Unknown how many
times it takes to release pellet
• Buying scratch off lottery tickets:
Unknown how many you need to win
• Using slot machines: Unknown how
many times it takes to pay out
• Calling for donations: Unknown how
many calls you need to make to get a
donation
 Response
happens after an unpredictable
amount of time
 Examples:
• Pressing a lever: You don’t know when the pellet
will be released
• Studying: You don’t know when a pop quiz will
happen
• Fishing: You can go very long or short periods of
time without catching fish
• Drug Use: Random drug tests by an employer
 Latent
Learning: Even without
reinforcement and punishment
schedules, you are still learning (create a
cognitive map)
 Example
 Other

examples?
 Intrinsic
Motivation: The inner desire to
perform a behavior effectively for the
sake of it
 Extrinsic
Motivation: The desire to
behave a certain way to receive external
rewards or avoid threatened punishment
 “I
remember a daily ritual that we had: I
would call Pop at work to ask if I could
practice with him. He would always pause
a second or two, keeping me in suspense,
but he’d always say yes…In his own way,
he was teaching me initiative. You see, he
never pushed me to play.”
• -Tiger Woods
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74x0
Hacr1-w
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nuI2
RrJTfA
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6LE
cM0E0io
 (TED Talk)