ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE II FINAL EXAM
REVIEW
UNIT 2: ENERGY
• Final Exam will be on Wednesday June 10, 2015
• The final exam is worth 20% of your final grade for the course
• Please bring a pen or pencil to the exam with you.
Absences:
 Excused absence- you will take it on the day you return
 Unexcused absence- you will receive a 0
*****During the exam, if your cell phone or any electronic device is
on your person, you will receive a 0!!!*****
• All energy comes from the SUN!!!!!
• Energy needs have increased over time
• more people, more technology, more
cars, more products
Renewable:
energy resource that will
not run out in the near
future
Nonrenewable:
energy resource that will
run out in the near
future
FOSSIL FUELS
• Made from the remains of
living things
• Pros• convenience,
• reliable,
• cost-effective
• Cons• Nonrenewable
• pollution- Carbon
Dioxide, Global
warming
• Habitat destruction
1. Coal
• Made from remains of
plants through the
process of
sedimentation
• Solid
• Used to generate
electricity
Stages of Coal Formation
•
•
•
•
peat- not true coal, low carbon, low energy
Lignite- first true form of coal, 40% carbon
Bituminous- 85% carbon, most abundant in the US
Anthracite- 95% carbon- very hard
Mining
• Pollution- air, land, water
• Reclamation: a process
that reduces the amount
of damage mining does
to an ecosystem
2. Petroleum (oil)
• Made from remains
prehistoric organisms in
shallow seas through the
process of sedimentation
• Liquid
• Used for gasoline,
heating, lubricants
3. Natural Gas
• Made from remains of microorganisms through the
process of sedimentation
• Used to generate electricity
Fracking
• Fracking fluid- water, sand,
chemicals
• Shale rock formation- one in
upstate New York
• Pros: rely less on foreign
countries for oil, cheaper
than oil, abundant in the US,
monetary value for
landowners, creates jobs
• Cons: contamination of
water, breaking up habitats,
industrialization of
residential areas, decrease
real estate value
1. Nuclear:
• Where it comes from: the nucleus of an atom
• How is it obtained? Splitting an atom
• What is it used for? To generate electricity
• Advantages: no carbon emissions,
• Disadvantages: disposing of radioactive waste,
nonrenewable
2. Solar:
• Where it comes from:
sun
• How is it obtained?
Solar panels, PV cells
• What is it used for?
Generate electricity
• Advantages: no air
pollution, renewable
• Disadvantages:
expensive
3. Wind
• Where it comes from: wind
• How is it obtained? Wind turbines to convert energy to
mechanical energy
• What is it used for? Generate electricity
• Advantages: no air pollution, renewable
• Disadvantages: expensive to set up, damage to birds
4. Geothermal:
• Where it comes from:
heat within the earth
• How is it obtained? A
geothermal system
underground that brings
heat to the home in the
winter and removes heat
in the summer
• What is it used for?
Heating homes
• Advantages: no
pollution, renewable
• Disadvantages :expensive
• Iceland runs exclusively
on geothermal energy