SPORT
Opportunities for Participation (5)
AS Level Theory
JACK
collect in all
homework essays
on OAA provision
in schools – thank
you!
SPORT
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World Phenomenon
Participate, watch, make it a way of life not just
part of life. – NEW RELIGION
Vast sums of money invested by participators –
travel, equipment, time, live viewing, TV viewing
Volunteer time: coaches, run events, run teams,
drivers, scorers, referees, etc
SE – 5mil people gave 1 bil hours to sport
unpaid in 2006
WHAT IS SPORT??
1.
“Serious sport has nothing to do with fair play.
It is bound up with hatred jealousy,
boastfulness, disregard of rules and sadistic
pleasure in witnessing violence – in other
words it is war minus the shooting”
George Orwell (1903 – 1950)
DISCUSS – Has this view changed over the years
or not?
NOW VIEW THIS AND DISCUSS……
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“sport has the power to change the world, the
power to inspire, the power to unite people
in a way that little else can. It speaks to people
in a language that they understand. Sport can
create hope when there was once only despair.
It is an instrument for peace, even more
powerful than governments. It breaks down
racial barriers. It laughs in the face of all kinds
of discrimination. The heroes sport creates are
examples of this power. They are valiant, not
only on the playing field but also in the
community. Spreading hope and inspiration
to the world.
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Nelson Mandela
SPORT IS…
Billion pound industry
Few are professional elites (men/women)
Offers various others ways of making a living –
how?
 Coaches, trainers, commentators, tv
professionals, manufacturers, salesman, medical
aspects, event management, staff, etc
 Definition of “sport” is confusing due to way
word is used e.g.
 Is darts a sport?, What is the Sport of Kings?,
What is international sport – war without
weapons?, What is meant be term “being a good
sport”?.
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S–
SERIOUS, SPONSERSHIP,
SPORTSMANSHIP, SEXY
P – PROWESS, PAY (PRO/ELITE)
O – ORGANISED (VERY)
R – RULES (NGB), REWARDS (INTRINSIC
T–
AND EXTRINSIC)
TIME AND SPACE PRE SET/ TELLY.
Characteristics
Think of some buzzwords that best describe
sport?
 Watch this clip YouTube - Harry Potter Quidditch *HQ*
 Everytime you see evidence of sport scribble it
down using buzzwords..
 Competitive, nervous, speed, supporters,
tradition, deviance (perceived), no set
boundaries, organised (ref,kit,weapons!)
winning/losing, team work, physically hard,
physically talented, skilful, training, chance, clear
outcome (win/lose/draw)
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“sport are institutionalised competitive
activities that involve vigorous physical
exertion or the use of relatively complex
skills by individuals whose participation is
motivated by a combination of intrinsic
and extrinsic factors”
Coakley, 1982 – Sport and Society: Issues &
controversies
THEREFORE
SLOGAN = A highly….
CHARACTERISTICS
Very…
Also…
Tactical/strategic
Skillful
Competitive
SPORT
AIMS/BENEFITS
Intrinsic?
Individually?
To society?
PROBLEMS
Deviance
Seriousness
Non-participation
Discrimination
Institutionalised Activities
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Fixed competitive structure (leagues, cups,
comps, etc)
Standardised rules that govern each competitive
encounter
Officials to enforce rules
Range of strategies for play, specialisation of
players, training schedules and dev of
equipment
Codes of conduct for behaviour (written
/unwritten)
THINGS TO CONSIDER
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Amateurism v Professionalism
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Sportsmanship v Gamesmanship
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Win at all costs v Participation
Does it depend on attitude………..
Intrinsic / extrinsic
The drive / motivation for participation
 Combination of 2 for most
 Amateur tends to be intrinsic
 Professional tends to be extrinsic
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Categories
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
NC PE: dance, games, gymnastics, swimming activities
& water safety, athletic activities, OAA
Games = invasion, striking & fielding, combat, target,
net sports, athletic
Constitutes of sport:
Competitive
Selective by ability & excellence
Serious, requires commitment
Physical endeavour
Organisational stringency – space/time restraints,
rules. Competitive structure
Elements of sponsorship, team spirit, fair play, etc
COMPARE = SIMILARITIES +
DIFFERENCES
COMPARE
Structure answer carefully.
 …but…
 …however….
 …whereas….
 …on the other hand…
 ….conversely….
 ….equally….
 On the contrarty….
 Alternitively….
 Then again….
 In contrast…..
”Participating in sport is
good for you!”
Many believe………
£262 million on sport from tax/lottery
funds
 SE have to get people involved in sport
 Schools encouraged to offer opportunities
(schemes-Sportsmark)
 Why spend this tax revenue? Why is sport
good for us?
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Objectives
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Fulfil individual potential/talent
Challenge oneself to strive for
excellence, discover personal
strengths/weaknesses
Release tension/stress
Health/fitness/skill
development
Achieve success/ build selfesteem
Accepting rules & others
decisions
Working/leading others
Show determination/courage
Developing sense of fair play,
considerations for others in
comps-winning/losing
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Opportunities for society
Socialisation
Prevent anti-social behaviour
Economic benefits to
individuals & society through
sport related business/business
activity
Divert social unrest of politics
– social control
Improve international
relationships (e.g. cricket)
Improve social morale, feel
good factor of success
Problems
Money in professional = over-emphasis on
winning at all costs
 Media interest can lead to more emphasis on
entertainment/ change structure of comp.
 Hooliganism = country reputation
 Drugs
 Young performers influences from elite role
models
 24 hour tv sport – more watching and less doing
Many problems are with professional, elite,
commercial sector
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EXAM QUESTION
PHYS. REC
SPORT
Identify some differences between
swimming as physical recreation and
swimming as sport.
Homework
Prepare a case study linked to London
Olympics 2012
 What impact does hosting have on
London/Britain with regards to SPORT!
 What variety of sports are on offer
(categories), does each event constitute
as a sport (criteria)
 Benefits / potential problems
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