Imperialism
Chapter 21
World History
Controlling Country
Part of Asia
Spain (Until 1898)
Philippines
Holland
Dutch East Indies
United States (After
1898)
Philippines
France
Indochina
Great Britain
Singapore. Hong Kong
Effects of Colonial Rule
Introduced representative institutions
Democracy
Developed plantation agriculture
Exploitation of native labor
Began modern economic system (High taxes)
Railroads, highways, schools, communication, medicine
Resistance movements
Indirect and Direct Rule

Goals of Imperialism:
– Exploit the natural resources of colonial countries
– Open markets for their manufactured goods
– Justification: they would bring the “blessings” of
Western civilization
– Rationales: White mans burden, Paternalism

Indirect Rule
– Local rulers were allowed to maintain their
positions of authority and status
– Cost less and convenient

Direct Rule
– Local rulers were removed from power and
replaced with officials from the mother country
– Impact the indigenous people, took away their
rights
Pre-Euro. Africa
 Thousands
of
languages/tribes/cultures
 Europeans were relegated to
coastlines
 Why weren’t Europeans able to
conquer Africa before?
– Un-navigable rivers
– Trade networks by Africans
– Malaria
– Powerful African armies
Imperialism In Africa
-Industrialization led to needs
for Europeans
-Needed new markets and
raw materials
-Africa and Asia
Forces working against
Africans
 Internal
– Variety of cultures working against them
– Technology disadvantage
 External
– Maxim gun/Tech.
British Control of India
Great Britain gained power in India during
the 18th century
 British East India Company

– Given power by the British government to become
more involved in Indian politics and military affairs
– Sepoys
 Hired

soldiers that protected companies interests
Great Rebellion (1st War of Independence)
– Cause; bullets greased with cow and pig fat
 Sepoys
refused to use bullets, revolted
 Fresh British troops conquered the rebellion

Viceroy
Mohandas Gandhi
– British government ruled India
directly through a official called
a Viceroy
 Representative
of the monarch
– Put into place after the 1st War
of Independence
Nationalism
 Gandhi

– Born 1869 in western India;
educated as a lawyer
 Practiced
in South Africa
representing Indian workers
– Returned to India to led fight for
independence
– Non-violent protest