Abolition
• the elimination of
slavery.
Emancipation Proclamation
• President Abraham
Lincoln issued the
Emancipation
Proclamation on January
1, 1863, as the nation
approached its third year
of bloody civil war. The
proclamation declared
"that all persons held as
slaves" within the
rebellious states "are,
and henceforward shall
be free."
13th Amendment
• The Thirteenth Amendment to the
United States Constitution, passed by
the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the
House on January 31, 1865, and
ratified on December 6, 1865,
abolished slavery as a legal institution.
THE 14th AMENDMENT
• All persons born in the United States are citizens
of the United States and of the state wherein they
reside. No state shall make or enforce any law
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities
of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state
deprive any person of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law; nor deny to any
person within its jurisdiction the equal protection
of the laws.
• The amendment was designed to grant
citizenship to and protect the civil liberties of
15th Amendment
• This amendment guarantees the right of citizens
of the United States to vote regardless of race,
color, or previous condition of slavery. Ratified on
February 3, 1870.
Racism
• deeply rooted
prejudice which
may be
expressed in
the idea that
one race is
superior to
another.
Governor George Wallace attempting to
block integration at the University of
Alabama, 1963.
Jim Crow
• Jim Crow was not a
person, yet affected
the lives of millions of
people. Named after
a popular 19thcentury minstrel song
that stereotyped
African Americans,
"Jim Crow" came to
personify the system
of governmentsanctioned racial
oppression and
segregation in the
United States.
Literacy Tests
• Prior to passage of the Voting Rights Act in
1965, southern (and some western) states
had elaborate voter registration procedures
whose primary purpose was to deny the vote
to those who were not white. In the South,
this process was often called the "literacy
test." In fact, it was much more than a simple
test, it was an entire complex system devoted
to denying Blacks the right to vote
Segregated cafe
What happened
when blacks talked
• the
separation of
the races by
law in all
aspects of
society schools,
housing,
restaurants,
club, buses
and trains,
theaters, and
all kinds of
public and
private
facilities.
Segregation
Separate but Equal
• the legal principle, first set forth in the 1896
Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson, that
separate facilities and accommodations for
Black people were constitutional so long as
these resources were equal in quality to those
provided for the white community.
Separate but Equal?
White
Schools
Black
Schools
Spokesman for KKK
Prejudice
• a negative attitude or
opinion about a
person or group
based upon that
person or group's
race, color, religion,
national origin,
ethnicity, accent,
gender, disability, or
other external
characteristic.
Ku Klux Klan
• The Ku
Klux Klan
(KKK) was
originally
formed to
terrorize
and scare
blacks
KKK attacking Black
church members
Lynching
• murder by mob violence, without due process of law.
Brown v.
Topeka, KS. Board of Education
• Landmark Supreme Court Case that effectively
denied the legal basis for segregation in schools
Deleware: Bulah
v. Gephart and
Belton v.
Gephart
Topeka,
Kansas:
Brown v.
Board of
Education
Washington, D.C.:
Bolling v. Sharpe
Clerendon
County,
South
Carolina:
Briggs v.
Eliott
Farmville,
Virginia: Davis v.
the School Board
of Prince Edward
County
“All Deliberate Speed”
• Words used by the
U.S. Supreme
Court in 1955 in its
ruling on how
communities were
to implement the
Court’s Brown v.
Topeka Board of
Education decision
of the previous
year
Other Powerful Pictures
Executive order
• a rule or order
issued by an
executive
branch of a
government
(ex. the
president of the
United States)
and carrying
the force of law
National Guard
• an armed force recruited by the states and
equipped by the federal government which
can be called into action by the state or
federal government.
A Picture From Birmingham
• The courts did not
change public
attitudes and the fight
to end segregation
was met with force.
NAACP
• National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) is a civil rights organization. It
works to end discrimination against
blacks and other minority groups.
Civil Disobedience
• the practice of
avoiding
violence as a
means to
resolve
conflict or end
injustice
Boycott
Rosa Parks is best
known for her role in
a 1955 boycott of the
Montgomery,
Alabama, bus system.
Parks triggered the
boycott when she
refused to give up her
seat to a white
passenger on a bus.
Her action helped
bring about the civil
rights movement in
the United States
Boycott is a refusal to
deal with an individual,
organization, or
business.
Sit - ins
• An act of
occupying
seats in a
racially
segregated
establishment
in organized
protest
against
discrimination
Civil Rights Act
• Legislation
enacted by
Congress in 1964,
banning
segregation in
public facilities as
well as racial
discrimination in
employment and
education.
The Voting's Rights Act of 1965
• The murder of votingrights activists in
Mississippi, gained
national attention,
along with numerous
other acts of violence
and terrorism.
President Johnson
issued a call for a
strong voting rights law
and hearings began
soon thereafter on the
bill that would become
the Voting Rights Act.
Integration
• -removing all
barriers and
placing all groups
of people together
• Also known as
desegregation
Assassination
• The murder of a
political or public
figure
Unconstitutional
• illegal by reason
of failing to
comply with the
principles of the
United States
Constitution.
Emmett Till
•14 yr. old
Emmett Till was
murdered for
saying “Bye
baby” to a white
woman in
Mississippi