Monday, 7/27
Ch 2 Sec. 6 Principal Parts
• Verbs are central part of complete sentence.
• A Latin sentence might consist of a single verb.
• Latin verbs have four Principal Parts
Monday, 7/27
Ch 2 Sec. 6 Principal Parts
• Compare English principal parts:
• To Latin principal parts:
Monday, 7/27
Ch 2 Sec. 6 Principal Parts
• The first principal part, the 1st person present tense,
is used to look up a Latin word in a dictionary.
• At first we will only use the first two principal parts,
but learn them all now to save yourself work later.
Tuesday, 7/28
Ch 2 Sec. 7 First Conjugation Verbs
• A conjugation is a group of verbs that share similar
pattern for their endings
• It is like a verb ‘family’
• Latin has four conjugations, or ‘families’, of verbs
• The first conjugation can be recognized by the –āre
ending of its infinitive form, the 2nd principal part.
Tuesday, 7/28
Ch 2 Sec. 7 First Conjugation Verbs
Finding the stem of a verb is an important part of
being able to use a verb.
To the stem we will add endings to conjugate the verb
in every person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and number (singular,
plural).
Tuesday, 7/28
Ch 2 Sec. 7 First Conjugation Verbs
How to find the stem:
Take the 2nd Principal part minus the –re ending to
get the stem. E.i., 2nd p.p. - –re = stem
E.g. amāre minus –re equals amā , the stem
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
• To conjugate a verb is to list a verb with its endings
• Below is the verb amāre conjugated in the present
tense using personal endings.
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
Two important aspects of a verb:
• Number tells how many are acting: denoted as
singular (I love) or plural (we love).
• Person tells who is acting: 1st person (I, we), 2nd
person (you - sing. or plural); 3rd person (he/she/it,
they)
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
Conjugating steps:
(1) Place first principal part in first person singular
blank
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
Conjugate cantō, cantāre
Find stem: cantāre - _______ = _________
1s cantō
1pl _______________
2s __________
2pl _______________
3s __________
3pl _______________
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
Conjugating steps:
(1) Place first principal part in first person singular
blank
(2) Find stem using equation
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
Conjugate cantō, cantāre
Find stem: cantāre – re = cantā
1s cantō
1pl _______________
2s __________
2pl _______________
3s __________
3pl _______________
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
Conjugating steps:
(1) Place first principal part in first person singular
blank
(2) Find stem using equation
(3) Place stem in remaining blanks
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
Conjugate cantō, cantāre
Find stem: cantāre – re = cantā
1s cantō
1pl cantā
2s cantā
2pl cantā
3s cantā
3pl cantā
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
Conjugating steps:
(1) Place first principal part in first person singular
blank
(2) Find stem using equation
(3) place stem in remaining blanks
(4) add personal endings to stems
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
Conjugate cantō, cantāre
Find stem: cantāre – re = cantā
1s cantō
1pl cantāmus
2s cantās
2pl cantātis
3s cantāt
3pl cantānt
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
Conjugating steps:
(1) Place first principal part in first person singular
blank
(2) Find stem using equation
(3) place stem in remaining blanks
(4) add personal endings to stems
(5) eliminate unneeded macra on 3rd person.
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
Conjugate cantō, cantāre
Find stem: cantāre – re = cantā
1s cantō
1pl cantāmus
2s cantās
2pl cantātis
3s cantat
3pl cantant
Say them together in Latin!
Then English…
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
Practice:
Conjugate nāvigō, nāvigāre
Find stem: nāvigāre - _______ = _________
Add stem to personal endings (mind your macra!):
1s __________
1pl _______________
2s __________
2pl _______________
3s __________
3pl _______________
Say them together!
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
• A third important aspect of a verb is tense.
• Tense tells the time some action takes place.
• English has three ways to express the present tense:
Simple present …… I love
Present progressive …….. I am loving
Present Emphatic ……… I do love
Block Day, Thurs. 7/30
Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings
• Latin has only one way to express the present tense.
• So a Latin verb in the present tense can be
translated in three ways:
– amō = I love….I am loving…..I do love
– cantat = she sings….he is singing…..It does sing
• A question (interrogative) can be formed from a
Latin verb by adding –ne to the end (a suffix):
• Cantatne = Is he singing? Does she sing?