SCIENCE 1206 – UNIT 2
CHEMISTRY
November – January 2011
UNIT OUTLINE
CHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY
◦ GENERAL TERMS
◦ PERIODIC TABLE
BOHR DIAGRAMS
ATOMS versus IONS
NAMING COMPOUNDS
◦ IONIC, MOLECULAR, ACIDS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
◦ BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
◦ 5 TYPES of REACTIONS
IMPORTANT TO KNOW . . .
You will get a PERIODIC TABLE!!!
It is your best friend for this unit!
You will need it each and every day.
Take care of it, cherish it, appreciate it!
In other words, do not leave it in a crumpled mess
at the base of your locker or bookbag
LINK
LINK 2
CHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY
MATTER
◦ DEFINITION:
Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space).
◦ What is not matter?
Energy
◦ In chemistry, we often discuss microscopic matter,
such as atoms, ions, elements, and compounds.
MASS
◦ The amount of matter an object
contains, measured in grams, g.
3 STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
◦ Definite volume and
shape
LIQUID
◦ Definite volume,
indefinite shape
GAS
◦ Indefinite volume,
indefinite shape
Chemistry Subscripts
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(s) - solid
(l) - liquid
(g) - gas
(aq) – aqueous, dissolved
in water
WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?
DEFINITION:
◦ The study of the properties and chemical
changes/reactions of matter.
So, chemistry matters
Examples of chemical reactions:
◦ Rusting
◦ Burning/Combustion
TWO TYPES OF CHEMISTRY
PURE CHEMISTRY
◦ Theoretical work that involves
DESCRIBING known substances and
DISCOVERING new compounds for
research purposes.
APPLIED CHEMISTRY
◦ Practical work that involves searching for
USES for known substances.
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
A QUALITY or CHARACTERISTIC of a
substance that can be observed WITHOUT a
chemical reaction.
Examples of Physical Properties
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State of matter
Hardness
Colour
Malleability
Ductility
Odor
Solubility
Brittleness
Conductivity
Melting Point and Boiling Point
PHYSICAL CHANGE
A change in state of matter of a
substance.
Examples of Physical Changes:
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Melting/fusion – SOLID to LIQUID
Freezing – LIQUID to SOLID
Evaporation – LIQUID to GAS
Condensation – GAS to LIQUID
Sublimation – SOLID to GAS
Deposition – GAS to SOLID
Ex:
H2O(s) H2O(l)
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
A BEHAVIOUR of a substance that can only
be observed when a CHEMICAL
CHANGE is taking place.
Example:
◦ Magnesium ribbon burning
◦ 2 Mg(s) +
O2(g) 2 MgO(s) + light energy
◦ The chemical property is that light is given off
when magnesium is burned.
CHEMICAL CHANGE
A change in which ONE OR MORE NEW
SUBSTANCES is formed.
Example:
◦ Iron Rusting
4 Fe(s) +
3 O2(g)
2 Fe2O3(s)
INDICATORS OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE
Basically, a chemical change has occurred
if the change is DIFFICULT TO
REVERSE.
However, there are many good indicators
of a chemical change.
Observe the following pictures, and take a
guess at what is happening to indicate a
CHEMICAL CHANGE.
CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS
COLOUR CHANGE
CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS
BUBBLES OF GAS
CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS
SOLID (PRECIPITATE) FORMATION
CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS
HEAT/LIGHT GIVEN OFF
HOMEWORK!!!
Identify the following as a PHYSICAL PROPERTY or
a CHEMICAL PROPERTY.
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Burns in air when heated.
Melts at 98 degrees Celsius.
Reacts violently with water.
Can be cut with a knife.
Conducts electricity.
Identify the following as a PHYSICAL CHANGE or a
CHEMICAL CHANGE.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Digesting a meal.
Butter melting in a pan.
Burning gasoline.
Wood rotting.
LINK
MATTER FLOW CHART-Draw
MATTER
PURE
SUBSTANCE
COMPOUND
ELEMENT
ATOM
MIXTURE
HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE
(SOLUTION)
HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Made up of only ONE TYPE OF ATOM or
ATOM COMBINATION
Stays the same in response to a physical
change
Example:
◦ O2
◦ H2O
TWO TYPES:
◦ Element
◦ Compound
TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
ELEMENT
◦ A pure substance that CANNOT be broken down
into a simpler substance by a CHEMICAL
CHANGE.
◦ It is made up of 1 TYPE OF ATOM.
◦ Element SYMBOLS are always written with the first
letter UPPERCASE and the second letter
LOWERCASE.
◦ Element NAMES are always written in
LOWERCASE letters.
◦ Examples:
Na
Li
Ar
W
TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
COMPOUND
◦ A pure substance that CAN be broken down
into its elements with a CHEMICAL
CHANGE.
◦ It is made up of two or more different
elements are chemically joined together in fixed
proportions.
◦ Examples:
NaCl
C6H12O6
CH4
H2O
◦ LINK
MIXTURE
Contains 2 or more pure
substances
TWO TYPES:
HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE
◦ AKA SOLUTION
◦ Have only one visible phase
throughout
◦ Examples:
air, apple juice, salt water
HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
◦ Contains 2 or more visible
phases throughout
◦ Examples:
Soil, soup, fruitcake
DIATOMIC MOLECULES
There are 7 elements that are diatomic, or
found in pairs, in their natural state.
These are:
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H2,
O2,
F2,
Br2,
I2,
N2,
Cl2,
Also P4 and S8
Memory tool: P.S., HOFBrINCl
REACTANTS
◦ Starting Materials in a chemical reaction
PRODUCTS
◦ New substances formed in a chemical
reaction
CHEMICAL REACTION
◦ Reactants go to form Products
◦ Example:
◦ C(s)
+ O2(g)
CO2(g)
HOMEWORK . . .
1. Name the type of pure substance that is
found on the periodic table.
2. Give an example of each of the following:
1. Pure substance
2. Heterogeneous mixture
3. Homogeneous mixture
LINK
MSDS – MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
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