History of Tourism 1 Early Beginnings 4000 BC – invention of money, trade Sphinx in 2700 BC – Giza, Egypt-attracted people 2 776 BC 1st Olympiad -start of sport tourism 300 BC Roman Empire grows, roads, military, trade 53,000 miles 3 Early beginnings – cont’d. 400 AD – Dark Ages – Roman empire collapses 600-1000 AD – Silk road from Xian and African Slave route begins 4 1096 – 1270 AD – Crusades in Holy Land- religious journey 5 More Milestones 1295 AD – Marco Polo writes on China 1338- 1st passport 1347 – 1351 – Plague in Europe – loss of life leads to feudal system collapse 6 1500 – Renaissance – art, “Grand Tour”, age of “enlightenment”. 7 Last 500 years 1700 – 1825 – Industrial Revolution, steam engines, rail, height of Grand Tour 1841 – Thomas Cook – first travel agency 1903 – Automobiles, Wright brothers 8 Early 1900’s = postcard craze “Wish you were here” 9 Last 100 years 1914–1919 – WWI Technology – air travel 1920’s – cottages in the Catskills, summer homes 1930 – 39 Great Depression, travel declines 1939-1945 WWII. Technology, nuclear age, Cold War. Post WWII North America – Dawn of mass tourism. Tourism seen to rebuild Europe. Baby Boomers are born. 10 Last 100 years 1940-1960 – factories, jobs, weekends off. Money and time: middle class blossoms 1944 – Largest road systems are built in US, turnpike - roadside motels, services. 1950 – seaside seen as healthy, seaside resorts. Niagara Falls 11 Last 50 Years 1957 – Space Age, 1st. Jet plane 1950’s and 60’s. Cars, cars, cars in North America 12 1960’s – package tours expansion in Mediterranean 1960’s – Costa del Sol – 6 million visitors in 1960 to 30 million in 1975 Sea, Sand, Sun and Sex. = Seashore exploitation 13 Last 50 years 1967 – Expo in Canada, Montreal 14 1969 – on the moon! 1979 – Jumbo jets – mass tourism 15 1980’s – mass tourism splinters, alternative forms of tourism (ecotourism, green tourism) 16 Last 50 years 1980’s Turkey enters tourism market 1986 - Expo in Vancouver 1990’s – Information age, business travel 2001 – World Trade Center attack 2002-3 – Bombings in Bali, Jakarta 2003 – War in Iraq 2011 – Protests in Egypt 17 Future People will continue to travel Today, women make up the majority of tourists – especially in cultural sightseeing. I.e. Office ladies from Japan 18 History of Camping 1920’s – known as “motor-hoboes” 1920’s Yosemite 65% visitors in private cars 1922 Mac’s Auto Camp in Santa Cruz 1930’s – trailers. By 1937, 100,000 trailers on the road 1960-70’s – explosion of camping 1980’s – close to 50 million campers in US 1950 – 60’s – breakthrough in Europe 19 Impacts of Tourism Economic Advantages Employment Profits for hundreds of businesses Revives depressed areas Invisible export – source of foreign currency Disadvantages Inflation Replaces traditional work 20 Cultural Impacts Advantages Passport to peace thru understanding other people Cultural interpretation Preservation of culture Disadvantages Stereotyping of different nationalities 21 Environmental Impacts Advantages May help protect Create awareness and appreciation Sustainable development more important Disadvantages Pollution, noise, overuse Use of sensitive areas 22 Social Impacts Advantages Education Freedom from local constraints Disadvantages Increased crime Sex tourism Resentment due to gap Trinketization, demonstration effect, servile attitude 23 Questions?? The End 24