N5 Modern Studies CDHS World Power USA – Supported Study Remember the exam question will not refer to the USA specifically. It will ask about a world power you have studied. In your answers aim to Make your point, explain it and give an example. Don’t make the examiner do the work. Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Describe the roles of the branches of government in the world power you have studied Executive Branch – President and staff in Whitehouse •Suggests laws to congress •Enforces/carries out the laws •Role of President (Commander in Chief of armed forces) •Approve laws passed by Congress but can Veto some. Legislative Branch – Congress ( House of Representatives 435 and Senate 100 – 2 each state) •Makes laws – E.g. Affordable Health Care Act (Obamacare) / Aid for Ukraine and sanctions on Russia for actions in Ukraine and Crimea •Can block laws •October 2013 – Congress blocked Budget bill – wanted cuts to Obamacare before passing. 16 day govt shutdown. Judicial Branch – Supreme Court •Makes sure new laws don’t break the constitution •Chosen by President Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 •Texas girl taking Affirmative Action case to Supreme Court Describe the roles of government institutions in the world power you have studied Federal Government Makes sure laws congress pass don’t break the constitution. 9 judges – appointed by President Implements laws passed by Congress e.g. Affordable Health Care Act Last court of appeal 100 Is Texas Uni wrong for affirmative action case 435 2 per state Can Veto laws passed by congress Recommended Obamacare Debate and pass laws b4 sent to President for approval 16 day govt shutdown Oct 2013 when refused to pass Budget. Approved aid for Ukraine and sanctions on Russia. Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Separation of powers in blue All must agree Roles in political system of world power Deploys troops and send them abroad. E.g. Iraq and Afganistan Only person who can deploy nuclear weapons Ordered assassination of Osama Bin Laden Helped overthrow Colonel Gadaffi in Libya Chief Diplomat - Head of Sate- Represent USA in G8 and G20(Economic) meetings. Represents the USA in foreign relations. E.g. Visit to David Cameron. Appoints heads of member of government departments. January – State of the Union address. Outlines plans/laws for the year Recommended Obamacare – The Affordable Health Care Act Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Political system of the world power – not too much power in one place. President can Veto laws passed by congress If Congress has a 2/3rds majority in both houses, it can override a Presidential veto. President appoints judges to the supreme court. This must be passed by Congress The President controls the military Only Congress can declare war The President suggests laws. Only Congress can Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 pass laws Federal system is repeated at State level Federal Government System Federal makes some decisions about the whole country. More chances for political participation e.g. federal, state and local. People vote for Postal Defence / war People vote for Currency Individual states allowed to pass their own laws on some issues. Death penalty Age of consent Education. Gun ownership Texas has death penalty Education Age of Consent Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Explain the impact/ influence of the world power you have studied Economy •Wealthiest country in the world. Most technologically advanced. •UK’s single biggest trading partner. Any problems in USA affect GB. •E.g. Fannie Mae housing market crisis sparked a world wide depression •American brands have shops in UK e.g. Nike, Apple •Member of G20 with UK – biggest world wide economies, work for economic solution and financial growth e.g world wide depression Military •Most powerful military country in the world. •The USA is strongest power in NATO ( Peace keeping force) •US military action in Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya and Osama Bin Laden •GB has a ‘special relationship’ with USA – joined military actions. E.g.Iraq, Afghanistan Culture •American culture has led to ‘Americanization’ of British culture through American brands and TV. McDonalds, Subway, Apple, Google, Microsoft. The food we eat, clothes we were, technology we use. Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Military Economic Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Culture Participation in politics in the world power California Governor -Jerry Brown. YOLO Sheriff Ed Prieto Vote for people to represent you at Federal, State and Local level. President, Senators, House of Representatives. State Governor, mayor, dog catcher. Contact your representative about a concern. Take part in a protest to influence government decision making. Phone, letter, social media site Fastfood living wage protest. Orange jumpsuits Guantanamo bay. White House E-petitions Stand as a candidate. As President if over 35 and US citizen. Join a political party which represents your beliefs. Republican or Democrats. Donate money to a preferred candidate. To join an interest group which works to persuade the government to support an action or change a law. NRA supports gun ownership. Lobby politicians, posters Canvass voters on phone to encourage voters, display posters, wear badges, share Help with campaigning of preferred messages and tweets in favour of political candidate. Version 1 Mrsfacebook Miller 2014 candidate Rights and Responsibilities in democracy in world power ( Attracts people) Political Economic Take part in a protest to influence government decision making. Safely, within the Fastfood living wage protest. Orange jumpsuits Guantanamo bay. law. Capitalist economy. The right to set up your own business and make profit and become rich. The right to bear arms To use it responsibly for defence. Pay taxes The right to a fair trial Obey the laws Vote for people to represent you at Federal, State and Local level. President, Senators, House of Representatives. State Governor, mayor, dog catcher. Stand for election. Join any political party. Use your vote To join an interest group which works to persuade the government to support an action or change a law. Social The right to worship any religion. Respect religion of others and accept the decision. NRA supports gun ownership. Lobby politicians, posters Freedom of speech. Can Not tell lies! criticise the government actions. Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Political inequalities – Is your world power democratic? Free elections/ Free Media/ Choice of parties YES NO Choice of political parties. Also Green party. Able to vote for representatives at Federal/State/Local level Increased participation by women and ethnic minorities. Due to Role Models - 1st Ethnic minority President 2008. YOLO county sheriff – Ed Prieto Media awareness – Vote or Die Presidents only come from rich Republicans or Democrats despite presence of other political parties. Social reasons Economic reasons Low voter registration and turn out levels. Decisions not representative of all Americans Political reasons US government (113th Congress) does not reflect ethnic make up or gender make up of the USA. Issues Women and Ethnic minorities under- affecting these represented. groups less likely to be discussed. Improved education for minorities Freedom of Speech E-petitions FOX news criticises Obama. So can newspapers Freedom to Protest Dec 2013 2012 B.O spent $600 million on election 12% population Black 51% population female 15% Hispanic Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Describe / Explain reason for political inequalities in your world power – gender and ethnic minorities Lack of participation e.g. voting or standing for election gender and ethnic under representation 1.Standing for Office - Wealth Costly to run for office. More white rich people able to afford it than minorities. 2012 M.R and B.O spent $600 million each on election 2. Standing for Office – Lack of Role Models B.O is a role model and inspiring minorities to stand for office, however majority of politicians are white men. 113th congress is 81% male and 80% white. Women’s place is considered in the home. – Glass ceiling. Minorities tend to be elected at local level rather than state. E.g. YOLO in California, state sheriff Ed Prieto. 3. Less ethnic minority voting Lower levels of education = less voting Black and Hispanic high drop out rate Language barrier. Many have English as a second language politics is reported in English by Media Poverty / unemployment = less voting Blacks and Hispanics have higher levels of poverty than other ethnic groups e.g. barrio/projects. Poor education – unskilled work. Do not see politics as Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 helping them or relevant. Population issue in the world power – Settlement / people wanting to come to it Why come? 1. American Dream. No matter what your background. 2. Escape poverty e.g Mexico $11,000 vs USA $37,000 3. Escape conflict e.g. Vietnam 4. Political rights •Voting e.g… •Protest e.g… •Freedom of speech e.g… Hispanics fastest growing minority. 2050 will overtake whites as majority. 4. Economic rights •Capitalism, set up own business. Low taxes. Bill Gates 5. Social rights Many Cubans live in Florida Close to border with Mexico Native Americans on reservations. Own laws. E.g Gambling Traditional slave states •Good schools •Freedom of religion •Welfare – Medicaid/TANF/ SNAP E.g. California minimum wage $8/hour •Fair trial Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Concern over population issue in world power - Immigration Concern about Immigration Doing low paid, unskilled jobs American born do not want. E.g fruit picking in California, cleaning, restaurants, hotels. Fill a gap – not stealing jobs. Believe take jobs from American born citizens. Poorer immigrants don’t pay tax but have a higher reliance on welfare than American born. Leading to higher taxes, especially in states with high immigration. E.g. California. Illegal immigrants do not pay taxes. Welcome Immigration TANF SNAP MEDICAID EDUCATION 2010 native born 23% reliance on 1 welfare, immigrant family 36%. Increases population of some areas like Baltimore. Regenerate area by working. Many legal immigrants set up businesses, create jobs and pay taxes which benefit America. 25% of new businesses created by immigrants. They often bring skills as doctors or nurses. Immigration lets criminals, terrorists, drug dealers into America. Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Social and Economic Issues in the world power Can you describe the inequalities? Can you explain why they exist? Can you state what the government has done to address ( solve) them? Social inequalities -Educational attainment ( results/ quality of school/ access to education) -Housing (Suburbs/ghettos/barrios) -Crime/justice (treatment by police/ treatment by courts/ victim of crime) --Health (life expectancy/ access to healthcare/ obesity / murder) Economic inequalities -Income -Poverty - Unemployment Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Social and Economic Issues in the world power– are caused by the poverty cycle Social inequalities – Education – Not equal across USA -Educational attainment can cause poverty, lack of qualifications makes it harder to get a well paid job. More likely to do low skilled poorly paid work or be unemployed.. Poor Education Poverty Poor Housing Low paid job/unemployment -Poor education due to Language barrier e.g. Hispanics Blacks and hispanics have worst educational attainment. Altho some progress has been made. Location –Inner cities Funding for school. Poor areas less taxes. E.g. Detroit. Ghettos are almost all ethnic minorities and most are poor. Poorer quality buildings and resources. Lower results. Fewer teachers. Poor Health Harder to get a mortgage. Trapped. Drop out rates. Highest for Hispanics. Lack of role models valuing education in inner cities. No academic tradition in family. Family breakdown. US govt has increased money to improve education. To get better teachers. To support low performing schools. To make college more affordable. Bilingual Act – need to be taught in own language to overcome language barriers. Affirmative Action - Texas Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Poverty Leave school to support family. Unable to afford further education. Single mother poverty. Social and Economic Issues in the USA – are caused by the poverty cycle Social - Housing – Not equal across USA Homelessness Ghetto – part of a city with nearly all ethnic minorities. Barrios is the Spanish equivalent. Most are poor. They have many problems. High unemployment Poverty Vandalism, rubbish, burnt out buildings. Poor Housing Gangs The Suburbs – on the edge of a city Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 Drug trafficking Social Issues – Health Inequalities/issues Problems still exist due to B4 Obamacare! NO NHS. Health care has to be paid for by insurance. - Buy annual cover -Some jobs provide it BUT SOME COMPANIES DENIED COVER!! 1. Lack of medical cover/treatment Poor people who can’t afford can get help from medicaid. Old people- over 65, can get help from medicare. Both funded by the government. • Only basic treatment given. • Lots of resources spent on HIV and Drug treatment • Only cover certain illnesses • Not good preventative care • High levels of minorities depend on it 2. Life expectancy Poor people who don’t qualify for medicaid but can’t afford insurance get no cover. Over 16% none! Think! Why are they poor? 3. Obesity Blacks die on average 5 years earlier than Whites. Fastest growing problem – Boom Boom! Infant mortality highest amongst ethnic minorities. Heart disease and diabetes. Blacks have highest rates of HIV than Whites. 1/3rd of US population obese. Gun related death in projects/barrios Black and Hispanic Version 1 Mrsfemales. Miller 2014 Whites have most cover. Blacks and Hispanics have least. Black children least likely to have cover and see dr. Affects problems with their health long term No interim screenings – problems only picked up at advanced stage. Only get medical help when condition is serious. Social Issues – Government Responses to health Private healthcare still available Everybody has to have health insurance. Illegals – still no treatment. Tho their children born in the USA can. OPPOSITION -Lead to higher taxes to pay for it. -Rich paying for poor -Higher premiums for others to fund poorer. Government will help the poorest afford it. More preventative care e.g. screening for cancer Children with preexisting conditions can’t be denied treatment. No limits on amount of treatment. -Don’t like ‘ have to have healthcare’ nanny state. Affordable Care Act -16day govt shutdown Oct 2013 – tried to restrict Obamacare in return for passing budget. -Expensive at a time of economic depression. Prevent abuse by Insurance companies. E.g. amount of treatment. / preexisting conditions. Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 SUPPORT -Refer to health inequalities in USA! Economic Issues – Poverty inequalities and Government Responses to Poverty American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 2009 15% of USA in poverty. Ethnic minorities have high levels of poverty. Poor Education Due to? Type of job - Low skilled work. Legal status. Unemployment Reliance of welfare 1.Making Work Pay Tax Credit Scheme. 2.Creation of new jobs to stop depression $400 per person. Helps poorest and hardworking families. But finished at the start of 2013. Created 3 million jobs 3.$20 billion increase for SNAP – Food stamps to fight hunger Racism But only given for 5 years in a lifetime Cuts in benefit level over previous years caused poverty. Not enough time to learn skills for well paid job. Remain in unskilled jobs. 4. Increased income Encourage people to learn new skills to support for TANF – find work. Provides Temporary childcare. Some Assistance for families income rose Needy Families by 35% Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014 (Welfare) Progress of ethnic minorities – They have made progress in overcoming inequalities Role Models – To encourage success through academic / work routes -Barack Obama -Condaleeza Rice – US Secretary of State for President Bush -Oprah Winfrey , Tiger Woods, Beyonce Black Middle Class Affirmative action helped generation of blacks achieve educational opportunities ( busing/ uni entrance) to go on to become professions. However – moved out of ‘ black’ areas taking wealth with them leaving ghettos. Middle class black flight. 50% of Blacks are middle class ( but 74% of white are middle class) Better educational prospects Despite high drop out rate, more blacks are finishing high school. With ending of Affirmative Action – university figures of minorities have dropped To say they have not made much progress – refer to what you know about poverty/income/health for minorities Version 1 Mrs Miller 2014
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