Bellringer
 Work on Worksheet from Friday
Regents Biology
Cells & Cell Organelles
Doing Life’s Work
AP Biology
2009-2010
Cell Theory
 All living things are made of cells
-Multicellular: made of many cells
-Unicellular- made of one cell
 Basic unit of structure and function: simplest ,
most basic component
 All cells come from pre-existing cells: cell
divides to form 2 identical cells
Regents Biology
Why study cells?
 Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ
Systems Organism
_Hierarchy: Cells are simplest part of an
organism
 Example:

Regents Biology
Why Study Cells
 Major functions of cells
 1. To make energy
 2. To make proteins
 3. To make more cells
Regents Biology
Types of cells
bacteria
Prokaryote
______________
Eukaryotes
______________
Animal
Regents Biology
Plant
Cell size comparison
Animal cell
Bacterial cell
Regents Biology
Eukaryotes
are 1-100
times
bigger
than
prokaryotic
cells
Prokaryote
 Bacteria
 Most are


unicellular
Lack a nucleus
Lack organelles
Regents Biology
Eukaryotes
 Mostly


multicellular
Plants, Animals,
Fungi
Distinct organelles
for job
specialization
Regents Biology
#2:Match the picture with the correct
type of symbiosis.
A: mutualism
B. commensalism
C. Parasitism
A
Regents Biology
B
#1A: What word best describes the
organisms shown below?
Regents Biology
Regents Biology
Regents Biology
Organelles
 Organelles do the work of cells

each structure has a job to do
 keeps the cell alive; keeps you alive
They’re like
mini-organs!
Regents Biology
Model Animal Cell
Organelles in All Cells
 Cell Membrane
and Ribosomes
are in
Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes
Regents Biology
Cell membrane
phosphate
“head”
 Function
Homeostasis: maintain proper conditions in
lipid “tail”
the cell
 Control what enters and leaves the cell
 O2,CO2, food, H2O, nutrients, waste
 Communication Between Cells

 Structure: Mosaic Model
double layer of fat
 Phospholipid Bilayer__________
 _Proteins: pumps and channels__________
 Carbohydrates: Chemical ID cards__

Regents Biology
Ribosomes
 Function
Make Proteins
 read instructions to build proteins
from DNA
 Structure
 some free in cytoplasm: Smooth ER
 some attached to ER: Rough ER

Ribosomes on ER
Regents Biology
Organelles in All Eukaryotes
 Nucleus
 Mitochondria
 Ribosome
Regents Biology
Nucleus
 Function
control center of cell
 protects DNA
 instructions for
building proteins

Structure: double
membrane
Regents Biology
Mitochondria
 Function

Transform energy into an usable form (ATP)
 sugar + O2  ATP
 fuels the work of life
ATP
 Cellular Respiration
 Structure

double membrane
Regents Biology
Venn Diagram
 Make a Venn Diagram comparing and

contrasting Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes
Start Organelles Graphic Organizer
Regents Biology
Organelles In Plants but not
Animals
 Vacuole
 Chloroplast
 Cell Wall
Regents Biology
Vacuole
plant cells
Regents Biology
 Function
Food and
WaterStorage
 Vacuole= plants
only
 Vesicle- in
animals—small
vacuoles
 Structure
 membrane sac

Chloroplast
 Photosynthesis
 Capture light
energy and
transfer into
chemical energy
 Double
membrane
Regents Biology
Cell Wall
 Made of
cellulose
 Inflexible
barrier
 Protect and
supports cell
Regents Biology